In medieval Europe, did the title of prince exist?

● Prince is a title in feudal system. In China's feudal system, it was the first rank of the nobility.

A prince is a member of the royal family.

The prince in China's feudal system

Since the Han Dynasty, the prince and the emperor's brothers have been made kings. Since the Wei and Jin Dynasties, princes were divided into princes and county kings, and princes were dedicated to princes and emperor brothers. At the beginning, the county king was the title of the son of the crown prince, and later it was mostly used to enfeoffment military officials such as our time, and civilian officials also had the title of county king.

Liang and Chen Fengjue in the Southern Dynasties had princes. Emperor Yangdi customized it, taking the emperor's uncle, uncle, brother and emperor as princes, and the emperor's brother and prince as princes in Tang Dynasty. Zheng Qiao's annals of official positions: "In the Northern Qi Dynasty, there were princes, Hou Bozi, and men who were sixth-class. The king ranked first in the Fu, while the non-princes ranked third." He also said, "To Emperor Yangdi of Sui Dynasty, only princes and princes were left in the third class, and the rest were abolished. The emperor uncle Kundi is a prince. " To the Tang Dynasty, "the emperor brothers and princes were customized to be kings, and they were all princes of the country."

since the prince and the county king were separated, generally, the word "king" is the prince and the word "king" is the county king. For example, before Tang Ruizong ascended the throne, he was named King Xiang and Guo Ziyi was named King Fenyang. During the Ming Dynasty, the official name of the prince was Wang, his fief was called the country, and Wang Xi was called "the treasure of a country". The name of the title is directly named as the prince, only the Qing dynasty, which is called the prince of Heshuo, and the Manchu language is called "ho?" o i cin wang”。

questions about the prince of the Qing dynasty

1. can the son of the prince of the Qing dynasty be made a prince?

The son of a prince in the Qing Dynasty can be made a prince, provided that the conditions are nothing more than military achievements and other things appreciated by the emperor.

the king of the Qing dynasty was called "going out into the phase", and he could also be a minister of military aircraft, a king of deliberation and a regent. "Hand-over": the son of the prince sealed the county king, and the county king sealed Baylor next, and Baylor's son was Beizi, descending from generation to generation.

2. did the prince participate in the early dynasty?

the prince participated in the early dynasty.

in the early Qing dynasty, the court's special word was called "call up", which was the highest form for the emperor or the empress dowager to summon military ministers, princes, Manchu scholars or six hall officials, as well as frontier officials, to convey orders, wait for the right performance, and accept the audience. It usually takes about an hour (two hours) from 7 am to 8 am. This is the most solemn thing in the court.

3. How many kinds of princes are there? What are the products?

The types of princes are complicated:

Manchu and non-Manchu, iron hat kings and non-iron hat kings, etc., and the composition of the early and late Qing Dynasty is still different.

There are two systems of titles in the Qing Dynasty. One is the royal rank, which is divided into prince, Yu Wang, Baylor, Beizi, Zhen Guogong, Fu Guogong, Zhen Guogong, Fu Guogong, Feng En General, and * * * is divided into 1 levels (including Zhen Guogong and Fu Guogong, which are "into eight points" and "out of eight points"). Second, the rank of knighthood other than the royal family is divided into 9 ranks: official, hou, bo, zi, male, arrive without pomp (the above levels are divided into three classes), riding a captain, riding a captain on cloud and riding a captain on grace.

In the first year of Chongde in Qing Dynasty, the title of imperial clan was customized as the ninth grade, and after six years of Shunzhi, it was further designated as the twelfth grade:

1. Prince Heshuo. 2. King of Duoluo County. 3. Dorobelle. 4. Gushan Beizi. 5. Feng En Zhen Guo Gong. 6. Serve the Lord protector. 7. Do not enter the town of Bafen. 8. Don't take eight points to assist the Lord protector. 9. General Zhenguo. 1. Fuguo General. 11. General Feng Guo. 12. General Bon Eun.

military service and civilian rank. This is specially designed to reward the meritorious service, honor the old, show kindness to the consorts, and reward the dead.

In Nurhachi's time, there were five ranks, such as general commanders, deputy commanders and generals. Huang Taiji was a genius for eight years, and with the addition of the Duke, there were first, second and third-class Angbang Zhangjing, Mailer Zhangjing, Zalan Zhangjing and Niu Lu Zhangjing. In the first year of Shunzhi, Gong, Hou and Bo were added, and it was officially decided that Angbang Zhangjing was Jingqini Hafan, Mailer Zhangjing was Asini Hafan, Zhalan Zhangjing was Ada Hafan, and Niulu Zhangjing was worshipping him, adding Tusara Hafan. In the first year of Qianlong, according to the Han Dynasty, Jingqini Hafan was appointed as viscount, Asini Hafan as baron, Ada Hafan as captain without pomp, worshiping him as captain of riding, and dragging Sala Hafan as captain of riding a cloud. In the 16th year of Qianlong reign, seven hereditary titles were customized as Enqiwei. Thus, the Spyker system in the Qing Dynasty was formally established, which was divided into nine grades and twenty-seven grades. They were:

Duke, which was divided into one to three grades and super grade.

Marquis, divided into first-class marquis and a cloud-riding captain, one to three-class marquis, is superior.

Count, divided into first-class uncle and a cloud riding captain, one to three-class uncle, super-quality.

viscount, divided into first-class son and a cloud riding captain, one to three-class son, is the first grade.

Barons are divided into first-class men and a cloud rider, first-class men and third-class men.

A captain without pomp is divided into a first-class captain without pomp and a captain who rides a cloud, and a captain without pomp from one to three, all of which are good.

riding a captain can be divided into riding a captain and a cloud riding captain, and riding a captain from the first to the second class is the fourth grade.

Captain Yun Qiwei, is the fifth grade.

Enqiwei, is the seventh grade.

A cloud riding a captain was commonly known as "half a future" in Qing Dynasty.

4. Can the son of a prince be made a prince (not a county king) again?

yes, but basically you still have to go through the stage of county king. There may be exceptions for promotion.

For example, when the Qing army went south, the generals Azig, Duo Duo and Hogg were all sons of Nurhachi, so they were directly named Prince of England, Prince of Yu and Prince of Xiao. Borg is the grandson of Nurhachi, so he first named Baylor, then named Duanzhong County King, and then became Duanzhong Prince. Another general, Tulai, is not a royal family, so he can only be a first-class male. Zhang Yong, a Han nationality, was named the first-class Hou. He Shen, a big corrupt official during the reign of Emperor Qianlong of Qing Dynasty, once made a first-class male, and Eldenbao and Delengtai, both of whom were engaged in the Bailian uprising in Sichuan town, once made a third-class male, and Chang Yuchun, a famous soldier, once made a second-class male. Zeng Guofan's department, which suppressed the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom uprising in the late Qing Dynasty, once sealed a first-class post (the Han civil servants in the Qing Dynasty did not seal a post, and Zeng Guofan was the first person to seal a post), Zuo Zongtang once sealed a first-class post, and Li Hongzhang also sealed a first-class post. According to the official system of the Qing Dynasty. The Han nationality can't seal the king, except in the early Qing Dynasty, that is, Wu Sangui, Kong Youde, Shang Kexi and Geng Zhongming, who were the generals of the Ming Dynasty and later fell to the Qing Dynasty. In order to attract more Ming generals to fall to the Qing Dynasty, the Qing court made an exception and sealed the Han nationality generals as kings, Wu Sangui as the king of the day, Kong Youde as the king of deference (later changed to the king of the south), Shang Kexi as the king of wisdom (later changed to the king of the south) and Geng Zhongming as the king. (Excerpted from Archives Grand View)

In the Qing Dynasty, not all Spykers could be hereditary, and only a few Manchu families could enjoy this special treatment, such as Nuerhachi's close comrades-in-arms, Erdu, Fei Yingdong, Yang Guli, leading soldiers Turush, Ye Chen, Ashan, etc. At first, the Han people included the Tong family, including Shi Tingzhu, the Eight Banners Han Army who surrendered early. It was not until the Qing army entered the customs that a large number of Nanming generals were able to exchange their national interests for this Spyker, such as Tian Xiong and Xu Dingguo. Since the "San Francisco Rebellion", Kangxi has made great use of General green camp, and Zhang Yong and other "Four Generals in Hexi" have been promoted. In the Yongzheng Dynasty, in order to alleviate the contradiction between the old and the young in the Ming Dynasty, Yongzheng officially made Zhu Yuanzhang an heir, and selected Zhu Zhilian (the Han army in Zhengbaiqi) as Zhu Yuanzhang's descendant, cleaned ming tomb, and was promoted to wait for a while, hereditary. Zhang Tingyu, who was famous for his propaganda, was cautious and hardworking, and was awarded the title of First Class by Yongzheng. This was the only Han Chinese who was not knighted by military service in the Qing Dynasty. (This person is also the only minister among the Han people who can enjoy the ancestral temple without military service. This honor is not even available to Zeng Guofan and others, and only 15 Manchu aristocrats can enjoy the ancestral temple.) No Han people in Qianlong, Jiaqing and Daoguang Dynasties were knighted. It was not until the Taiping Army that Zeng Guofan, Li Hongzhang, Zuo Zongtang and others were knighted with military service that they appeared again.

The king of the Qing Dynasty was not like this. He was called "going out into the phase", and he could also be a minister of military aircraft, a king of deliberation and a regent. That was not the case in the Ming Dynasty, so there were so many kings in the Qing Dynasty. I calculated that there were 113 sons of the emperor of the Qing Dynasty, so it was impossible to seal them down, so he thought of a way, called "handing them down". The prince's son sealed the county king, and the county king sealed it down. Because at that time, he considered that the Qing Dynasty would last for 1 million years, long live, ten thousand years, and this ten thousand years, he would be a king, so he would go down to the end, called the idle imperial clan, and there would be no title. This is the general situation. Some exceptions are called hereditary substitution, and eight do not fall. These eight are Dai Shan, the Prince of Rites, Jierhalang, Zheng Qinwang, Dourgen, Duo Duo, the Prince of Yu, and Haug, the Prince of Su, and Ni Kan, the King of Keqin County, and the King of Shun Cheng County, Luck Dehun, who are six princes. When the two kings were founded, they made brilliant achievements, so they were hereditary. The other four princes were hereditary, one was Prince Yi Yunxiang, who helped Yongzheng to get the throne, Prince Gong Yixin, Prince Chun Yi Xuan and Prince Qing Yi Kuang, so the king of the Qing Dynasty was hereditary, with six princes in front and two county kings, followed by four princes, and one * * * was 12 kings, hereditary, that is, they had a son who could inherit the prince. One of the characteristics of the Qing dynasty is that only the imperial clan can be a prince, and it is not easy to be a prince in the imperial clan. I read an article in the newspaper that a certain person is a descendant of Cixi's maiden. As soon as he goes to work, others say "the prince has arrived". When he leaves work, he also shouts "goodbye to the prince". This is of course a joke. No, Nala can't be a king or a prince. Cixi's father Hui Zheng was just a "benefactor", male, Hou, Bo, Zi, and Male, and Cixi's younger brothers Gui Xiang and Zhao Xiang later inherited a "benefactor", so the king of the Qing Dynasty was very strict, except when the country was founded. For example, "Ss Wang": Kong Youde, Geng Zhongming, Shang Kexi, it was the founding period and belonged to.

The king of the Qing Dynasty learned a lesson from the Ming Dynasty. In the Ming Dynasty, especially after Yongle, he imposed very strict restrictions on the king, mainly for fear that they would engage in a palace coup and seize power. The Qing Dynasty absorbed good experience in this respect and learned useful experience from them. However, compared with the Ming Dynasty, the king of the Qing Dynasty had an important feature, that is, he led troops abroad, and the king of the Qing Dynasty unified troops abroad and intervened in internal affairs. The Qing Dynasty began with the Regent. After entering the customs, Dourgen was the Regent, ended with the Regent, and finally was the Regent. The prince of the Qing Dynasty was a king of deliberation, a regent, a university student and a general. It meant to play the role of the imperial clan king of Manchuria. However, there was a big drawback in this, that is, the prince of Aisingiorro was too heavily used, and talents were not widely collected outside the Aisingiorro family, especially the military ministers of the Qing Dynasty, and there were many Manchu people. This was one of the important reasons for the later demise of the Qing Dynasty. The kings of the Qing Dynasty were strictly managed. Can't say no, there are few, and the rules are very big. For example, when Qianlong was in Shanxi, the governor of Shanxi called Ka Ning 'a, and gave him a king to congratulate him on the last Chinese New Year memorial. He also sent fish, several fish, just a few fish. After arriving in Beijing, he didn't dare to accept it, so he reported it to the emperor Qianlong, who reprimanded the governor of Shanxi, just a few fish.

The list of all princes in the Qing Dynasty

Except for the iron hat king, all other princes have to be relegated to a certain title from generation to generation before they stop falling. If the prince is reduced to the town Lord protector, the county king is reduced to the auxiliary Lord protector, and so on.

Princes sealed by the Qing Dynasty (those who pursued the title are not counted, as long as they were sealed, including capitals that were later knighted or demoted. The Iron Hat King is described below)

Dear Prince Ni Kan (the third son of Chu Ying, the eldest son of Nurhachi), married Wang Yuetuo (the eldest son of Dai Shan, the second son of Nurhachi), An Qinwang Yue Le (the fourth son of Abatai, the seventh son of Nurhachi), Duanzhong Prince Boluo (the third son of Abatai, the seventh son of Nurhachi), Prince Azig of England (the twelfth son of Nurhachi). His sons Bao Tai, Sun Guangning and Guang Lu successively attacked the prince), Prince Gong Chang Ning (the fifth son of Shunzhi), Prince Chun Long Xi (the seventh son of Shunzhi), Prince Richard Yun Yong (the second son of Kangxi, whose son Hong Yong once attacked the prince), Prince Cheng Yun Zhi (the third son of Kangxi), Prince Yong Yin Zhen (that is, Yongzheng) and Prince Heng Yun Yun. Zi Hong attacked the prince), Lian Prince Yunyou (the eighth son of Kangxi), Lu Prince Yunyou (the twelfth son of Kangxi), Guo Prince Yunli (the seventeenth son of Kangxi), Qin pro-Wang Yunmi (the twenty-fourth son of Kangxi), and Prince Hongzhou (the fifth son of Yongzheng, Zi Yongbi attacked the prince) and Rong Qinwang Yongqi (the fifth son of Qianlong). That is, Jiaqing), Qing Prince Yong Lin (seventeen sons of Qianlong, whose Sun Yi was crowned King of Iron Hats), betrothal Wang Miande (the eldest son of Qianlong, Yong Huang's second son), Prince Miankai of Dun (the third son of Jiaqing), Prince Mianxin of Switzerland (the fourth son of Jiaqing), Prince Mianyu of Hui (the fifth son of Jiaqing) and Prince Yi of Dun.

Dai Shan: the second son of Taizu, the prince of Heshuo Lili

Mandahai: the seventh son of Dai Shan, the prince of Heshuo Xunjian (changed his name, and was later reduced to Baylor)

Chang Adai: Mandahai, and the prince of Heshuo Xunlei (later reduced to Baylor)

Jie Shu: Dai Shan Sun. Prince Heshuo Kangxiu

Baltu: Jie Shuzi, Chuntai, Chong 'andi, Prince Heshuo Kangjian

Yong En: Chong 'anzi, Prince Heshuo Li Gong (re-titled ceremony)

Zhao Shu: Yong En Zi, Prince Heshuo Li (later Gejue)

Yong Luan: Chong 'anzi, Prince Heshuo Li. Prince Heshuo Lihe

Shiduo: full-aged son, Prince Heshuo Like

Honest: Shiduozi, Prince Heshuo Lidun

Zheng Qinwang Department: Succession: Jirlalang, Jidu, Desai, Rabu, Ya Bu, Yalkiang, Shenbao, Depei, Chiatong, Fonneheng, Jihana. Prince Zheng Xian of Heshuo

Jidu: the second son of Jirlalang, Prince Jian Chun of Heshuo (renamed Jane)

Desai: the third son of Jidu, Prince Jian Hui of Heshuo

Rabu: the second son of Jidu, Prince Jian of Heshuo (later chasing the Gejue)

Ya Bu: the fifth son of Jidu, and Prince Jian Xiu of Heshuo

Ya 'er River.