People's education printing plate sixth grade primary school Chinese last semester unit 1 in-class review questions

Review points

1, know what a sentence is, and understand the types of sentences from the tone and function.

2. Practice of sentence expansion and contraction.

3. Know several common rhetorical devices.

4. Understand and modify common sick sentences.

5. Practice sentence transformation.

6. Master the usage of punctuation marks.

Knowledge platform

Sentences and their types

1. Know what a sentence is.

A sentence consists of words or phrases, which can express a complete meaning. Its form is "who (what, where)" plus "what (what, how)".

For example, study hard in a bright classroom.

Understanding sentences is very helpful for us to modify sick sentences and transform sentences later.

2. Distinguish four sentence patterns: declarative sentence, interrogative sentence, imperative sentence and exclamatory sentence.

Declarative sentence: a sentence that can tell others one thing, with a period at the end. I visited the Great Wall.

Interrogative sentence: a sentence that asks questions to others, with a question mark at the end. Why are the days gone forever?

Imperative sentence: a sentence that asks others to do something, usually with a period at the end and sometimes with an exclamation point. The oil depot is important, please don't smoke!

Exclamation sentence: a sentence with strong feelings of happiness, surprise, disgust, etc., with an exclamation point at the end. How happy our life is!

(B) Change sentence patterns

Test preparation point

The same meaning can be expressed in many forms. Different expressions have different language effects. Changing sentence patterns means changing one sentence into another with the same meaning. Common ones are:

1, interchange of Ba sentence, Bei sentence and declarative sentence;

2. The exchange of affirmative sentences and double negatives;

3. Interchange of declarative sentences, rhetorical questions and exclamatory sentences;

4. Direct speech and transitive sentence interchange.

Yingkaodian

1. Interchange of Ba sentence, Bei sentence and declarative sentence.

"Ba" sentence: a sentence pattern in which the action and object are placed before the action with the word "Ba" and the word "Ba" is added before the action.

"Bei" sentence: the object of accepting action is placed in front of the action generator, and the word "Bei" is added in front of the action generator to indicate passivity.

"Ba" sentence, "Bei" sentence and declarative sentence are closely related and can be transformed from each other, but their meanings cannot be changed.

Link test problem

He held the old man's hand tightly. (Becoming Bei sentence and Ba sentence)

When the subject and object change, add the word "Bei". The word "ba" has changed, the position of subject and object has changed, and the word "ba" has been added. If it is a declarative sentence, the word "ba" is placed before the object and the predicate is placed at the end of the sentence.

(answer)

He held the old man's hand tightly. (Ba sentence)

The old man's hand was tightly grasped by him. (Bei sentence)

Second, the interchange of declarative sentences, rhetorical questions and exclamatory sentences.

A rhetorical question is not to ask a question to the other party, but to emphasize a question and express some feelings in the tone of rhetorical question (question). It's a special form of question, and it doesn't need to be answered. The answer is in the sentence with a question mark at the end. When a declarative sentence is changed into an exclamatory sentence, words such as "how", "too" and "true" are generally added, and exclamation marks such as "ah" and "ya" are added at the end of the sentence, and the period is changed into an exclamation mark.

Link test problem

He is a good man.

(Analysis) A declarative sentence is changed into a rhetorical question, with "how", "why" and "what" added at the end of the sentence, and the period at the end of the sentence becomes a question mark. The problem is that the affirmative sentence becomes a rhetorical question, and a negative word should be added to express the negative meaning; Turn it into an exclamation sentence and add an exclamation point directly.

Isn't he a good man?

He is really a good man!

Third, the exchange of affirmative sentences and double negatives

In a word, negation plus negation expresses positive meaning, emphasizes absolute facts and has a firmer tone.

Link test problem

I must go to the library to read. (changed to double negative)

(Analysis) The tone of double negation is heavier than that of affirmative sentence, but the meaning of the sentence remains unchanged. The method is to add two negative words: "no … no" or "must ……".

I have to go to the library to read.

Fourthly, direct speech and transitive sentences are exchanged.

To change direct narration into indirect narration, we should pay attention to three points: first, change punctuation; The second is to change personal pronouns; The third is to look at the content of the sentence. In some sentences, individual words and a few words need to be changed, but the meaning of the sentence has not changed.

Link test problem

Wang Liang said: "I want to care about the collective like Li Yong."

(Analysis) The problem is to change the direct narration into the report, and then directly change the first person "I" into the third person "He".

(answer)

Wang Liang said that he should care about the collective like Li Yong.

Special breakthrough

First, write sentences according to appearances.

This schoolbag belongs to Wang Qiang.

How can this schoolbag not belong to Wang Qiang?

No one can deny that this schoolbag belongs to Wang Qiang.

1. That bike is Xiao Li's.

This beautiful windbreaker is a gift from Tommy.

Second, rewrite the sentence like this.

Example 1: Honghong lowered her head and said to her mother, "I don't want to wear leather shoes."

Hong Hong lowered her head and told her mother that she didn't want to wear leather shoes.

1, Lu Xun replied to Yan Liming: "If my letter is to be published and there is room for publication, I can agree."

2. The teacher told Xiaoming: "You go to the brigade to find Teacher Zhao to receive" We Love Science "."

The squadron leader said to Zhang Ming, "I'll go to the meeting, and you can take part in the competition yourself."

4. Zhan Tianyou often encourages the staff to say, "Our work must be accurate first."

The old man always shook his head, sighed long and said, "Yinger, you are still young and don't understand."

6. Lin Xiangru said, "I am willing to take He Shibi to Qin."

Ex. 2: After class, the teacher asked me to go to the office.

After class, the teacher called me to the office.

After class, I was called to the office by the teacher.

7. Difficulties didn't frighten him.

8. Fanka put the letter in the mailbox.

9. Nothing was hit and the net was torn.

10, the five strong men of Langya Mountain led the enemy to a dead end.

1 1. The raging flood destroyed the ancient levee.

Third, change declarative sentences into rhetorical questions.

1, there is no insurmountable difficulty in front of the Antarctic expedition.

The power of seeds is the greatest in the world.

3. In the sunshine, the silver skirt of the birch tree flickers on the edge of the pine tree, like waves on the seashore.

The relationship between man and mountain is getting closer and closer, which makes people feel kind and comfortable.

I visited the Great Wall and received an education.

This magnificent project is a great miracle in the history of the world.

7, the human body can't climb out of the dog hole.

8. My heart stays in the blue sky of the motherland.

I can't help him when he is in trouble.

Third, modify the sick sentences.

Test preparation point

Sentences with defects in content and structure are called sick sentences. Common ill sentences are:

Incomplete composition; Improper collocation; Repetition is lengthy; The word order is reversed; Inconsistent; Improper use of words; Unknown reference; Improper classification; Unreasonable; Ambiguous, etc.

Yingkaodian

1, first find out the sentence trunk, and check whether the sentence is complete and collocated properly.

2. If there is nothing wrong with the main sentence, check whether the auxiliary components are suitable for the main sentence.

3. Check whether the sentence is logical, whether the word order is reasonable, whether the quotation is clear and whether there are logical errors.

4. If there are any mistakes, start to modify them.

Link test problem

(1) Learning the lesson "Two Poems of Revolutionary Martyrs" made me deeply educated.

(Analysis) The reason for this sentence is that the composition is incomplete and the whole sentence lacks initiative. Who will learn this lesson? Who is educated?

(answer)

right of use

Learning the lesson "Two Poems of Revolutionary Martyrs" gave me a profound education.

I visited the Great Wall of Wan Li, the Palace Museum, the Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shihuang and the Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge.

The cause of this sentence is improper collocation. According to common sense, Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge is not a historic site.

(answer)

I visited the Great Wall of Wan Li, the Forbidden City, the Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge and the Terracotta Warriors.

Autumn in Beijing is a charming season.

The reason for this sentence is that the word order is unreasonable. The words "autumn" and "Beijing" are not arranged according to the required meaning, which leads to unclear meaning expression.

(answer)

Autumn in Beijing is a charming season.

The whole class is here except Wang Juan.

The cause of this sentence is self-contradiction, and "the whole class" includes Wang Juan. Since everyone is here, why isn't Wang Juan here?

(answer)

Everyone in the class is here except Wang Juan.

(5) Many foreign tourists are amazed at the great project left by Zhan Tianyou.

The cause of this sentence is repetition. "Not to live" means not to stop, while "admiration" means not to stop praising.

(answer)

Seeing the great project left by Zhan Tianyou, many foreign tourists can't stop admiring it.

(6) As soon as I entered the garden, I smelled a faint fragrance and sweet bird calls.

There is something unreasonable in this sentence. How can you smell the sound?

(answer)

As soon as I entered the garden, I smelled fresh air.

listen to

Sweet birdsong.

Attachment: Modify the symbols of common sick sentences.

1, delete the symbol:,.

For example, improve the output and quality of products.

2. Supplementary symbol: or,

increase

For example, we should strengthen safety education.

3. reserved symbols:,

For example, we should change exam-oriented education into quality education.

4. Switch symbol:.

Such as: serious total experience.

5. Change the symbol:.

beautiful

I have a beautiful dress.

Special breakthrough

Modify the following sentences and point out the reasons in brackets. (Modify the original sentence)

1. We should study hard after repeated education. ( )

Grandpa often thinks of many past events. ( )

The author of the article "Serving the People" is Mao Zedong. ( )

Since the reform and opening up, the living standard of our people has been continuously improved. ( )

The vegetable garden is planted with tomatoes, watermelons, lentils, eggplant and other vegetables. ( )

6. All the students attending the meeting have basically arrived. ( )

7. I have finished the fifth grade and haven't graduated for a year. ( )

8. From this ordinary little thing, it illustrates a profound truth. ( )

9. In the street garden in spring, there is an intoxicating osmanthus fragrance. ( )

10 China is the most populous country in the world. ( )

1 1, a thunderstorm day and night. ( )

I'm sure it may rain today. ( )

13, be sure to correct it carefully and carefully check the mistakes in your homework. ( )

14. At the meeting, people expressed their opinions one after another. ( )

15, I will never forget Miss Li's concern. ( )

16, I bravely rushed down the hill, I was afraid. ( )

17, everyone pays attention to hygiene, and our health and diseases will be guaranteed. ( )

18, the four ancient civilizations in the world are China. ( )

19, looking at grandma Deng's portrait, the students couldn't help crying. ( )

20. What a sharp contrast between the old and new societies! ( )

(d) Expansion and contraction of sentences

Test preparation point

Sentence expansion is to add simple words and phrases.

Sentences are expanded into concrete and vivid sentences.

Abbreviation is to simplify a complex long sentence, remove all or part of the additional components, and leave the main part.

Yingkaodian

To expand a sentence is to draw the main part of the sentence first. When you find the main part, you can clearly know where to add elements that express modification and restriction, and think about which words to expand in the near future. You can also grasp the main components of the sentence and ask some questions yourself. If you answer this question, you are expanding this sentence.

Abbreviation can be carried out in three steps:

1. First divide the sentence into "who", "what" or "what" and "how".

2. Find the main part of each part.

3. Finally, remove the modifiers and restrictive words and connect the main words into complete sentences.

Link test problem

1. Mom bought oranges. (Extended sentence)

The meaning of this sentence is not specific. If you add modification restrictions, the ingredients will be fully expressed. Method: Ask questions first, whose mother? Where can I buy oranges? What kind of oranges do you buy? Then fill in the right words, which is the process of expanding sentences.

Xiao Lin's mother bought a bag of oranges from Huang Chengcheng from the fruit shop.

2. Singing broke the silence. (Enlarge sentence)

(Analysis) What kind of singing sound? Where is the silence? Fill in the appropriate modifiers and restrictions according to your own problems.

(Refer to the answer)

The sweet singing suddenly broke vilen's silence.

I often think of my first teacher with deep gratitude. (abbreviation)

(Analysis) According to the steps of shortening the sentence, you can first divide the sentence into "who" and "what", then find the main words in each part, remove the modifiers, and then connect the main words.

(Refer to the answer)

I miss the first batch of teachers.

This venerable old scientist is quietly thinking about this difficult problem.

(Analysis) According to the steps of abbreviation, ask "Who does what", and answer by abbreviation.

(Refer to the answer)

The old scientist is thinking about this problem.

Special breakthrough

Fill in the correct words to make the sentence more complete.

Exodus He is a young pioneer.

He is a (excellent) young pioneer.

1, Premier Zhou listened to the report.

Premier Zhou listened to the report.

There is a full moon in the sky.

There is a full moon in the sky.

3. Swallows skimmed the lake.

Swallows skimmed the lake.

The soldiers guarded the border.

The soldiers guarded the border.

Second, judge whether the following abbreviations are correct, tick "√" for the right and "╳" for the wrong.

1, "Isn't this a great spectacle?" Abbreviated as "this is not a spectacle." ( )

2. "The main force of the Red Army crossed the natural barrier Dadu River and went to the forefront of the anti-Japanese war." Referred to as "the main force goes to the front." ( )

3. "The tall and straight poplars are arranged on both sides of the wide and straight road like a row of guards." It can be abbreviated as "arranging poplars on the expressway." ( )

4. "The picturesque scenery of Guilin attracts thousands of Chinese and foreign tourists to visit here." It can be abbreviated as "tourists sightseeing"

Third, expand the sentence.

1, the breeze is blowing wicker.

2. The moon rises.

Rainflower stones are like jadeite.

The tourists climbed the Great Wall.

The old man walked out of the house.

6. Fog is floating on the lake.

7. Time slipped away.

8. The little girl sells matches.

9. Birds sing.

Fourth, abbreviations.

1, we warmly welcome guests from afar.

There are many matches in her old apron.

3. We trace the whereabouts of the poet Li Bai, traveling here and drinking crazy songs.

Colorful fireworks form a wonderful pattern in the night sky.

Childhood memories are as many as the stars in the sky.

We should try our best to explore the mysteries of nature.

7. The fisherman's wife, Sanna, is sitting by the fire mending a broken sail.

8. This is the first railway line designed and built entirely by China engineers and technicians.

9. The midday sun shines on the whole forest.

10, this is a Christmas gift specially given to me by my mother who is studying in a foreign country thousands of miles away.

1 1. The Meteorological Observatory announced that the cold current from Siberia was heading south.

12, Han Prime Minister Cao heard drums and shouts in the camp.

Five rhetorical devices

Test preparation point

Master rhetorical devices such as metaphor, personification, parallelism, exaggeration, rhetorical questions and rhetorical questions.

Yingkaodian

Master the characteristics of several rhetorical devices:

1, metaphor is to use concrete and easy-to-understand things to compare abstract, abstruse and unfamiliar things. There are noumenon, vehicle and figurative words in figurative sentences.

2, personification is to write things into adults, give them human thoughts and feelings, speak like people, and have feelings.

3. Exaggeration refers to deliberately exaggerating or narrowing the things to be described to make them more vivid and prominent.

4. Rhetorical questions express stronger feelings than affirmations in the form of questions.

5. Asking questions means knowing perfectly well past asking, asking yourself and answering yourself.

6. Arranging three or more phrases and sentences with the same or similar structure, consistent tone and closely related meanings is parallelism.

Link test problem

1, * * * produced by Sun. (What rhetorical device)

(Analysis) "* * * production party" is the noumenon, "sun" is the carrier and "image" is the concrete word. This is a typical figurative sentence, which compares the "* * * production party" to the "sun".

(Answer) Metaphor.

Thousands of raindrops fell on the water, like a group of little girls dancing ballet. (What rhetorical device)

This sentence compares "raindrop" to "little girl" and "ballet dancing", so it uses two figures of speech: metaphor and personification.

(Answer) Metaphor and personification.

3. The faster the horse runs, isn't it farther away from Chu? (What rhetorical device)

(Analysis) Express the affirmative meaning in the form of interrogative sentences-the faster the horse runs, the farther it is from the State of Chu.

A rhetorical question.

Who accurately and timely caught the pulse of the sea and made it beat with the progress of the motherland? It's them, the marine workers fighting at the ocean station. (What rhetorical device)

(Analysis) This sentence is a question that arouses readers' attention and thinking, and there is an answer behind it, so it is a question. Besides, the sea has no pulse. Here the sea is written as an adult, so personification is used.

(Answer) Ask questions and personify them.

5. Wuling is swaying and Wumeng is majestic. (What rhetorical device)

(Analysis) This sentence deliberately refers to "Wuling" as "Xiaolang" and "Wuling" as "Mud Pill", which makes things smaller and uses exaggerated rhetoric. (expansion, contraction, leading)

(Answer) Exaggeration

6. Our cadres should care about every soldier, and all people in the revolutionary ranks should care about, love and help each other.

This sentence uses three phrases with the same structure and closely related meanings, and a suggestive "mutual" has the same meaning, so it is a parallelism sentence.

(Answer) Parallelism

Special breakthrough

1. Complete the sentence.

1, the spring rain is as thin as (). (figurative sentence)

The moon () is hidden in the clouds. (personification)

3. Blue sky and white clouds constitute () (figurative sentence)

4, sorghum () surface, rice () waist. (anthropomorphic sentence)

Second, judge, put "√" in brackets for exaggerated sentences, and "×" in brackets for non-exaggerated sentences.

1, osmanthus blossoms, thyme. ( )

2. Spring rain is as expensive as oil. ( )

The bus is so crowded that even the needle can't be inserted. ()

4. In the wild, bugs play for him. ( )

The winter wind blew away the old crow's house angrily. ( )

Third, write sentences according to appearance.

In the empty garden, the charred trees bent down in frustration.

Cormorants are neatly arranged on the side of the ship like soldiers waiting for orders.

Dangerous buildings 100 feet high, you can pick stars with your hands.

Fourth, judge whether the following sentences use rhetorical devices, and if so, indicate the type in brackets; If not, put an "x" in the brackets.

1, if anything happens to us, don't forget the little nightingale. ( )

The crowd rejoiced and the grass stuck its head out of the ground and smiled at people. ( )

The wilderness is dark, heaven and earth blend together, and nothing can be seen. ( )

I seem to have seen you somewhere. ( )

5. Isn't it true that you can't keep a flower alive without working? ( )

6. Is he introducing poplars? No, he is expressing himself. ( )

7. The clear stream shines with the shadow of the blue sky, the shadow of rosy clouds, the shadow of pine trees on the mountain and the shadow of pedestrians. ( )

8, flying three thousands of feet, suspected that the Milky Way fell for nine days. ( )

Six arranged sentences

Test preparation point

Wrong sentences will be sorted into a fluent sentence, and the key to sorting out chaotic sentences is to analyze the relationship between sentences and determine what structure they should be arranged in.

Yingkaodian

1. Read the words to be arranged silently once or twice to see what the main meaning is.

2. Find the first sentence by "exclusion".

3. Read the remaining sentences and think about the writing order of the whole article and the relationship between sentences. (Writing order: time order, development of things, transformation of place and space, etc. )

Link test problem

Rearrange the following words in a certain order.

() 1, he thought: Who lost this? It's really unsanitary.

She saw a mass of white things on the ground.

Suddenly, he saw some small students cleaning the playground and learning from Lei Feng to do good deeds.

After class, Xiao Li plays on the playground.

She quickly turned around and picked up the waste paper she just saw.

() 6. Thinking that she left inadvertently.

() 7. Walking over and looking, it turned out to be a blank sheet of paper.

To solve this problem, you should read the sentence carefully, understand its general idea, and think about the relationship and writing order. After reading and analyzing, we know that this passage is based on the sequence of events. Generally speaking, in an article, the time and place should be stated first in the order of things, so we determine the fourth sentence as the first sentence. Then "he saw a mass of white things on the ground". What could it be? -"It turned out to be a pile of waste paper", and then things naturally developed. After arranging, read it again in the correct order. If it is not correct, modify it.

(Answer) 4, 2, 7, 1, 6, 3, 5.

Special breakthrough

First of all, make the following confusing sentences into a fluent sentence.

() 1, how many quiet late nights, the teacher is still preparing lessons and correcting homework under the lamp.

2. If I can achieve something in the future, I will say that it was the teacher who built a bridge to success for me with his body.

They are ordinary and ordinary, but they shoulder the heavy responsibility of cultivating the next generation.

() 4. Don't the notes and red tick in the exercise book condense the teacher's hard work?

He is neither as famous at home and abroad as a famous scientist, nor as eye-catching as a movie star.

() 6. Teacher, you have given everything to us selflessly.

7. Teachers send groups of students to various jobs, but in the process of cultivating students, they burn themselves like torches.

() 8. I praise the bridge and our beloved teacher. He is as simple as the bridge.

9. The teacher works very hard.

() 10, the teacher is selfless as a bridge.

Second, rearrange the following sentences in a certain order, fill in the serial number in brackets, and indicate the basis.

() 1, followed by Zhou Yu's warships.

Huang Gai surrendered to Cao Cao.

() 3. Choose a day with an easterly wind as the attack time, and put something on the boat to light the fire.

() 4. Zhou Yuling led the troops to kill from behind.

When Huang Gai approached Cao Cao's warship, he ordered the ignition and let the fireboat rush into Cao Ying.

Arrangement basis:.

Seven punctuation marks

Test preparation point

Master the usage of punctuation, and you will use punctuation correctly.

Yingkaodian

Punctuations can be used correctly according to their functions and properties. The attached table shows the usage of several common punctuation marks.

Link test problem

Understand the usage of ellipsis in the following sentences. (Fill in the numbers in brackets)

(1), the text indicating the omitted part;

(2) indicating a pause in speech;

3. I haven't finished what I should say.

After drinking tea, they talked about the history and changes of this town ...

Comrade Zhou Enlai said in a commanding tone, "Leave me alone! Everyone should be calm and don't ... "()

The instructor Zhang looked at the bundle of books and said in a weak voice, "You should … study hard … in the future …"

(Analysis) The first sentence omitted is "Talking about the history and changes of the town", which means more than that, and it is omitted in the text. So choose the first one; The second sentence is Zhou Enlai's unfinished words, so choose the third sentence; In the third sentence, the instructor could not speak before he died, and his voice was intermittent, so he chose the second sentence.

(Answer) (1) ①; (2)③; (3)②

Special breakthrough

1, give the following passage; Punctuation marks.

It is said that Su Dongpo once deliberately wrote the word "Shen" as "A" when writing a poem. After the poem was written, all his friends around him were full of praise, but only one person smiled. Hey, how dare you laugh at Lord Dongpo? A celebrity shouted "no" to laughter. Su Dongpo said meaningfully, I don't think he is laughing at me.

2. Compare each group of sentences and tick "√" after punctuation is completely correct.

Father often said, "Children can't do anything half-heartedly."

Premier Zhou went on to say, "Well, don't be angry, I'll get you another one!" " !

Father often said, "Children can't do anything half-heartedly."

Premier Zhou went on to say, "Well, don't be angry. I'll get you another one! " "

Father often said, "Children can't do anything half-heartedly."

Premier Zhou went on to say, "Well, don't be angry, I'll get you another one!"!