Ancient jokes in classical Chinese

Two children arguing with each other (Li m: ng xi m: o é r bi à n ri)

[Edit this paragraph] Original text

Confucius traveled eastward, saw two children arguing and asked why.

One son said, "I am close to people when I start from the sun, but I am far away when I am in the middle of the day."

yier: "I am far from the beginning of the day, but the time between China and Japan is near."

One son said, "The sun rises as big as a car cover at the beginning of the day, and the middle of the day is like a bowl. Isn't it because the far one is small and the near one is big?"

One son said, "It's cool when it's cāng at the beginning of the day, and it's like exploring soup in the middle of the day. Isn't it hot for the near and cool for the far?"

Confucius can't decide.

The two children laughed and said, "Who is more Zhihu than you?"

[ Edit this paragraph] Note

Eastward Journey: Travel to the East.

and: here.

Debate: Debate to win or lose.

therefore: reason, reason.

think, think.

go: distance.

hood: the hood is used for shading the sun and rain.

mid-day: noon.

and: to, to.

then: just.

dish jar: a vessel for holding things. The round one is a dish, and the square one is a bowl.

for: with "predicate", say.

Cang Cang Liang: cool and slightly chilly. Cangcang: It means cold.

Souping: Put your hand into the hot water. It means it's very hot.

soup: hot water.

decision: make a decision.

who: who?

ru: you.

knowledge is the same as wisdom.

[ Edit this paragraph] Translation

When Confucius visited the East and saw two children arguing, he asked them why they argued.

a child said, "I think the sun is close to people when it just rises, but far away from people at noon."

another child thinks that the sun is far away from people when it just rises, but it is close to people at noon.

The first child said, "When the sun just rises, it is as big as the roof of a car. At noon, it looks like a plate. Isn't this the reason why distant things look small and close?"

Another child said, "When the sun first comes out, it feels cool. At noon, it's as hot as putting your hand into hot water. Isn't this the truth that the closer you get, the hotter you get and the farther you get, the colder you get?"

Confucius can't judge who is right or wrong.

The two children smiled and said, "Who says you are knowledgeable?"

[ Edit this paragraph] Pronunciation

When Confucius traveled eastward, he saw two children arguing and asked them why.

One son said, "I am close to people when I am out in the day, but I am far away when I am in the day."

One son goes far at the beginning of the day, and is near at the middle of the day.

One son said, "The sunrise at the beginning of the day is as big as the hood of a car, and the mid-day is like a dish. Is this \ not for those who are far away \ but for those who are near \ big?"

One son said, "It's cool when the sun rises in the early morning, and it's like exploring soup in the middle of the day. Is this cool for those who are near and those who are far away?"

Confucius \ cannot \ definitely.

The two children laughed and said, "Who is more Zhihu than you?"

[ Edit this paragraph] Scientific explanation

It is not correct to explain the distance between the ground and the sun according to different feelings.

One child in "Two Children Debate on the Day" said that the morning was far away from noon because the sun was cold and the noon was hot. Another said that the morning sun was big and the noon was small, so the morning was far away from noon and the fact observation was true. How to explain that? What the hell is going on?

One view is that there are clouds on the earth's surface in the morning, and the sun looks big when you look through the clouds. At noon, when the clouds dissipate, the sun appears small, but the size of the sun has not changed.

Another view is that the sun looks big because its altitude is different and its atmospheric refractive index is different. In the morning, the sun's altitude angle is low and its refractive index is high.

Another view is that it seems that the sun is bigger in the morning than at noon because of the illusion of the eyes. We look at white graphics bigger than black graphics of the same size. This is called "photodegradation" in physics. When the sun rises, the surrounding sky is dark, so the sun appears bright, while at noon, the surrounding sky is bright. In contrast, the brightness difference between the sun and the background is not so great, which is why we look like the sun is bigger in the morning than at noon. In short, the distance from the sun is the same in the morning and noon, so its size is the same < P > Also, it is hotter at noon than in the morning, is it because the sun is closer to us at noon than in the morning? Not really. Why is that?

It is hotter at noon than in the morning, because at noon, the sun shines directly on the ground, while in the morning, the sun shines obliquely on the ground. It can be seen that when the sun shines directly, the ground and the air receive more radiation heat from the sun in the same time and in the same area than when the sun shines obliquely in the morning, so they are the most heated. So it is hotter at noon than in the morning.

in fact, the weather is mainly determined by the air temperature. The main factor that affects the air temperature is determined by the radiation intensity of the sun, but solar photothermal is not the main reason that directly raises the temperature. Because the direct absorption of sunlight by air is only a small part of the total solar radiation, most of which is absorbed by the ground. After the ground absorbs the solar radiation heat, it is conducted upward to the air through radiation, convection and other heat transfer methods, which is the main reason for the temperature increase.

in a word, it is hot at noon and cold in the morning every day, not because the sun is far from our ground.

[ Edit this paragraph] Author Introduction

This article is selected from Liezi Tangwen

Liezi is said to have been written by Lieyukou, a native of Zheng during the Warring States Period. Yu Kou was one of the representatives of Taoism in the Warring States Period.

Liezi was originally a compilation of Liezi's works (Lieyu Kou, a native of Zheng in the early Warring States period), Liezi's disciples and Liezi's later studies, and it was written in the late Warring States period. Qin Shihuang burned books to bury Confucianism, and Liezi was banned. In the early Han Dynasty, Huang Lao was admired, and Liezi was well-known in the world. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty only respected Confucianism and ousted hundreds of schools, and Liezi was scattered among the people. Emperor Hancheng asked for a suicide note in the world, and Liu Xiang compiled Liezi into eight articles and hid it in the secret house of the Inner Palace. In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Liezi Zhu written by Zhan Zhang came out, and Liezi was widely circulated. Liezi Tang Wen is an annotation compiled by Liezi, which contains many folk stories, fables and myths and legends.

[ Edit this paragraph] Confucius: modest and prudent, seeking truth from facts.

Two children: smart and lovely, good at using their brains, daring to question questions they don't understand, and daring to argue.

[ Edit this paragraph] Character introduction

Confucius (551.9.28 ~ 479.4.11) was named Qiu, whose name was Zhong Ni, and he was born in Lu State in the Spring and Autumn Period and Han nationality. Born in Changping Township (now Luyuan Village, southeast of Qufu City, Shandong Province). After his death, he was buried on Surabaya in the north of Qufu, which is today's Konglin.

According to Historical Records Confucius Family, Confucius' ancestors were descendants of the Shang Dynasty. After the destruction of Shang Dynasty in Zhou Dynasty, Zhou Chengwang named Shang Zhouwang's ordinary brother and Wei Zi, a loyal minister of Shang Dynasty, in Song Dynasty. Its capital is Shangqiu (now Shangqiu, Henan). After the death of Wei Ziqi, his younger brother Weizhong ascended the throne, and Weizhong was the ancestor of Confucius. After Confucius' sixth ancestor, Confucius' father Jia, descendants began to take Kong as their surname, and his great-grandfather Kong Fangshu fled from Song to Lu in order to escape the civil strife in Song. Confucius' father, Shu Liangge (Shu Liang is the word, Ge is the name), is a famous warrior in Lu State. Shu Liangge married Shi first, gave birth to nine women without a son, and his concubine gave birth to a son, Meng Pi, but he had a foot disease. Under the circumstances at that time, neither a woman nor a disabled son should inherit. In his later years, Shu Liangyou gave birth to Confucius with a young woman named Yan. When Confucius was born, the middle of his head was sunken, like loach mountain; And because Confucius' mother went to Niqiu Mountain to pray, and then gave birth to Confucius, it was named Qiu, and the word Zhong Ni (Zhong means the second, Shu Liangge's eldest son is Meng Pi, and Meng means the first). When Confucius was three years old, Shu Liangqi died of illness. After that, Confucius' family was quite poor. For various reasons, Confucius didn't do much in politics, but in the three months of governing Lu, it shows that Confucius is worthy of the title of outstanding politician. Political dissatisfaction enabled Confucius to devote a large part of his energy to education. Confucius used to be a scout in Lu, then traveled around the world with his disciples, and finally returned to Lu to concentrate on teaching. Confucius broke the monopoly of education and created a pioneer of private school. There are as many as 3, disciples of Confucius, including 72 sages, many of whom are pillars of senior officials of various countries.

Confucius had a far-reaching influence on later generations. During his lifetime, he was known as the "Saint of Heaven", "Mu Duo of Heaven" and "Immortal Saint". He was one of the most knowledgeable scholars in the society at that time, and was honored as the most holy (saint among saints) and a teacher for all generations by later generations. He edited Poems and Books, defined Rites and Music, prefaced Zhouyi, and made Chunqiu. Confucius' thoughts and theories had a far-reaching influence on later generations. The Analects of Confucius is a classic work of Confucianism, which was compiled by Confucius' disciples and disciples. It is a book that records the words and deeds of Confucius and his disciples.