On Luxun's Flowers in the Morning and Flowers in the Evening

When Lu Xun wrote Flowers in the Morning, he was already an important writer in the literary world. 1926 after the "March 18th" tragedy, Lu Xun wrote articles such as "in memory of Liu Hezhen", angrily denounced the shameless behavior of the reactionary government, and was persecuted by the reactionary government, so he had to live a wandering life. He has taken refuge in Yamamoto Hospital and German Hospital. Despite the hard life, I wrote many prose poems and three essays, such as Twenty-four Filial Piety Pictures, Five Canon Meetings and Impermanence, which were later compared with Dogs written by Lu Xun before his tragedy. Cat? Mice, A Chang and Shan Hai Jing were included in the collection of essays "Flowers in the Morning and Flowers in the Evening".

1926 In September, Lu Xun accepted the invitation of Xiamen University to teach in the south, but he only stayed in Xiamen University for more than four months because he found that the air in Xiamen University was as dirty as that in Beijing. Lu Xun saw the ugly faces of all kinds of intellectuals here and attacked them mercilessly. Although Lu Xun doesn't like Xiamen University, he concentrates on his courses, which are very popular with students. After his busy teaching work, Lu Xun wrote many works, including five essays: From Baicaoyuan to San Tan Yin Yue, Father's Disease, Lock, Mr. Fujino and Fan Ainong. These five essays and five other essays written in Beijing constitute the whole of Flowers in the Morning.

Morning Flowers and Evening Flowers was published in 1927.

III. Main contents and themes

"Dog? Cat? Rats-in this article, Mr. Lu Xun cleared the cat of his crimes: first, the cat always plays with its prey to the fullest before eating it; Second, it is related to liger, but he is born with a coquetry; Third, it always howls when it cooperates, which is very annoying; Fourth, it ate a little hidden mouse that I loved when I was a child. Although it turned out that it wasn't the cat, I wouldn't have a good impression on the cat, not to mention that it did eat the rabbit later! This paper takes "cat" as the type, sharply and vividly satirizes people who are similar to cats in life.

A Chang and Shan Hai Jing A Chang were Lu Xun's nannies when he was a child. Describe the scene of getting along with Chang when I was a child, and describe the kindness, simplicity, superstition and nagging character of my eldest mother. "Eating a full stomach is troublesome etiquette"; I am full of respect and gratitude to her for finding and giving her a long-awaited painting "Shan Hai Jing". The article expresses the sincere memory of this working woman in affectionate language.

Twenty-four filial piety pictures-the so-called twenty-four filial piety pictures-are books about twenty-four filial sons in ancient China, with pictures. Its main purpose is to promote feudal filial piety. Starting with the feelings of reading Twenty-four Filial Pieties as a child, Mr. Lu Xun focused on the strong antipathy caused by reading two stories: Lao Lai Entertains Parents and Guo Ju Buries Children, vividly exposing the hypocrisy and cruelty of feudal filial piety and the pity of Chinese children for the "Wucang Fair", which is a game to meet the gods and a festival in my childhood. Describe the eagerness and excitement of looking forward to seeing God when I was a child, and the feeling of disappointment and pain when my father forced me to carry my sword. It pointed out that compulsory feudal education suppressed and destroyed children's nature.

Impermanence-impermanence is a ghost with human feelings. When I went to heady, I saw my mother crying her dead son so sadly that I decided to let her son "go back to the sun for half an hour". As a result, my immediate boss, Yan Luowang, beat me with a big stick. When recalling impermanence, the article occasionally adds a few ironies to the so-called gentleman in reality, and the illusory impermanence gives some comfort to Lu Xun's lonely and sad heart at that time.

From Baicao Garden to San Tan Yin Yue —— Describing the fun of being comfortable in Baicao Garden and the boring life of studying in San Tan Yin Yue when I was a child, revealing the sharp contradiction between children's extensive life interests and feudal bookcase education that fetters children's nature, and expressing the reasonable requirements for children's healthy and lively growth.

"Father's illness"-his father was killed by a quack, has always been a pain buried in Lu Xun's heart. Focusing on the memory of my father's delayed treatment when he was a child, this paper describes the attitudes, styles and prescriptions of several "famous doctors" and reveals the essence of these people's ignorance, mystifying, extortion and disregard for human life.

In this article, Lu Xun mainly recalled the process of leaving Shaoxing for Nanjing to study. The work describes the disadvantages and difficulties of studying in Jiangnan Navy School and Mining Railway School at that time, and criticizes the "cigar smoke" of Westernization School. The author described his excitement when he first came into contact with the theory of evolution. He read the theory of evolution hungrily despite the opposition of the older generation and showed a strong desire to explore the truth.

"Mr. Fujino"-records the author's study life while studying in Japan, and describes the process of being discriminated and insulted by Japanese students in Sendai Medical College and deciding to abandon medicine and join literature. The author highlights the rigor, integrity, enthusiasm and noble character of Mr. Fujino, a Japanese teacher, and expresses his deep nostalgia for Mr. Fujino.

"Fan Ainong"-traces several life segments that the author contacted with Fan Ainong during his stay in Japan and after his return to China, describes Fan Ainong's experience of being dissatisfied with the dark society before the revolution, pursuing the revolution, and being persecuted after the Revolution of 1911, and shows his disappointment with the old democratic revolution and his sympathy and mourning for this upright and stubborn patriot.

Fourth, the character image.

The four main characters in Morning Flowers and Evening Flowers are the author's nanny, teacher, friend and father.

Big mother-has a foolish and superstitious side, but has a simple and kind love that the author will never forget. From The Longevity Mother, we can see Lu Xun's feelings for the working people at the bottom: he not only exposed their ignorance and numbness, but also praised their beauty and kindness.

Mr. Fujino, a foreign medical professor, is respected for his simple and great personality because he shows an equal attitude towards others and cares about the study of people in weak countries. Everything he does is ordinary. If you don't imagine Lu Xun's situation at that time, it is difficult to feel the greatness of this teacher.

Fan Ainong, an awakened intellectual, was unable to gain a foothold in the dark society. He can't compromise with this society like a madman, nor can he forget it like Mr. N, so his heart is painful and sad. Like Lu Xun, we suspect that he committed suicide.

Father-My father once puzzled Lu Xun when he was a child, because when he was going to see the Wuxianghui in high spirits, he was ordered to endorse it. However, Lu Xun never accused his father. What he repented was that he didn't let his father die quietly, which made his mind restless and miserable forever. We felt the deep love of Lu Xun.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) artistic skills

1, narrative, description, lyricism and discussion are organically integrated, full of poetry and painting. For example, describing the scenery of the Herb Garden is fascinating.

2. In the deep memory of the past, the author can't forget the reality and insert some "essays" (that is, comment on the reality) from time to time, showing Mr. Lu Xun's true and rich inner world. Such as "dog? Cat? The article "Mouse" not only has the author's deep memories of a cute little hidden mouse in his childhood, but also vividly tells the folk story told by his grandmother, and also reveals the true colors of gentlemen who look like cats in reality.

3, long-term intake of small details in life, see the big with small, write the charm of people and characters, and write the essence of events. For example, impermanence, starting from the fact that impermanence also has a wife and children, not only writes the characteristics of impermanence full of human feelings, but also cleverly satirizes those hypocritical intellectuals in life.

The author often uses irony when criticizing and satirizing the old feudal system and morality. Describing the whole story calmly on the surface is actually an irony, which implies the ingenious irony of "saying this and meaning that". For example, in "Father", the process of quack practicing medicine is explained in detail, and there is no positive accusation and irony, but between the lines, the author's angry criticism and irony are everywhere.

The author often uses contrast in his prose. For example, "Wu Cang Hui" expresses my disgust and criticism of feudal society through the comparison of mood before and after; By comparing Ghosts with real people, impermanence profoundly depicts the ugly faces of some people whose personalities are not as good as ghosts in real life. "Dog? Cat? The author's love for mice is in sharp contrast to his strong hatred for cats.

Sixth, highlights

One of the highlights, "Musashi Club"

I was so nervous that I brought my book. He sat me at the table in the middle of the hall and taught me to read sentence by sentence. I read sentence by sentence, knowing fairly well.

Two sentences and one line, read about twenty or thirty lines, he said:

"Read it to me. If you can't recite it, you are not allowed to go to the meeting. "

With that, he stood up and walked into the room.

I seem to have poured cold water on my head. But what can we do? Nature is reading, reader, remember,-and recite it.

Guangdong comes from Pangu and was born in the wilderness.

The first emperor in the world, Zhao Kai is confused.

It is such a book, I only remember the first four sentences now, and I forget the rest; The twenty or thirty lines memorized at that time were naturally forgotten together. I remember hearing people say that reading Jian lue is much more useful than reading Qian Zi Wen and Hundred Family Names, because you can get a general idea from it. It's probably good to know one since ancient times, but I don't understand a word. "Pangu leaves Guangdong" means "Pangu leaves Guangdong". Read on and remember it, "Pangu went out of Guangdong"! Born in the wild! …

The applicants have all moved away, and the excitement at home has turned into silence. The morning sun shines on the western wall, and the weather is fine. Mothers, workers, mother dragon and dragon can't be saved, so they silently wait for me to read and recite. In the silence, I seem to have many iron tongs sticking out their heads to hold things born in the wilderness; I also heard my voice trembling in a hurry, like the chirping of crickets in late autumn night.

They are all waiting; The sun is also higher.

I suddenly seemed very sure, so I stood up, and the book went into my father's study. I recited it in one breath, like a dream.

"yes. Go ahead. " Father nodded and said.

Everyone moved at the same time, with a smile on their faces, and headed for the river port. The workers picked me up high, as if congratulating me on my success, and walked quickly in front.

I am not as happy as they are. After sailing, the scenery in the waterway, the snacks in the box, and the excitement of Dongguan No.5 Club seem to have little meaning to me.

Appreciation-The article tells in great detail the mood change from "laughing and jumping" to feeling that everything is "meaningless", which contains a silent criticism of feudal education. We also see from the article that the author did not say a word of condemnation to his father, but only revealed the sadness and confusion that the elders could not understand the true feelings of a child.

Highlight 2 "Fan Ainong"

In early winter, our situation was worse, but we still drank and told jokes. Suddenly it was the Wuchang Uprising, followed by the recovery of Shaoxing. The next day, Ai Nong came to the city, wearing the felt hat commonly used by farmers, and that smile was never seen before.

"Old fast, we don't drink today. I want to see Shaoxing after the recovery. Let's go together. "

We walked in the street with a white flag in our eyes. However, despite this appearance, the skeleton remains the same, because it is still a military government organized by several old squires, and the railway shareholders are the chief administrative officers. This military government did not last long after all. As soon as the teenagers called, Wang Jinfa strode in from Hangzhou, even if he didn't come, he would come. After he came in, he was surrounded by many idle people and the new revolutionary party. He became the commander-in-chief of the king's yamen. He changed his robe in less than ten days, and the weather was not cold.

I was placed next to the rice bowl of a normal school principal, and Governor Wang gave my school 200 yuan. I love farming as a supervisor, and I still wear the same cloth robe, but I don't drink much and have little time to chat. He teaches while working, and he is really diligent.

Appreciation-there is an important detail in the article, which is the description of Shaoxing after the recovery. This actually laid the groundwork for Fan Ainong's tragedy. Lu Xun did not praise Fan Ainong positively, but only showed the cheerful side of Fan Ainong after the revolution from his expression "That smile is unprecedented" and his action "He is really diligent". However, the greater the hope in Fan Ainong's heart, the greater the disappointment. Lu Xun later used a lot of pen and ink to write about the reality of Shaoxing after the recovery, in fact, he was exploring the causes of his friend's tragic fate.