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1.1 When the coordinate structure is the subject, the predicate is plural

For example, reading and writing are very important. Reading and writing are very important.

[ note]: when the subject is connected by and, if it represents a single concept, that is, the same person or thing, the predicate verb is singular, and there is only one article before the two words connected at this time.

For example, the iron and steel industry is very important to our life. The steel industry is very important to our life.

1.2 principle of proximity in subject-predicate agreement

1) When the subject of there be sentence pattern is a series of things, the predicate should be consistent with the nearest subject.

For example, There is a pen, a knife and severe books on the desk ... There are pens, knives and some books on the desk.

2) when there … or … and there … nor, connect two subjects, the predicate verb is consistent with the nearest subject.

For example, there you or she is to go. Either you go or she goes.

Neither I nor he is to blame. Neither I nor he is to blame.

1.3 the predicate verb is consistent with the preceding subject

when the subject is followed by phrases caused by words such as with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as, the predicate verb is consistent with the preceding subject.

For example, the teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. The teacher and some students are visiting the factory.

He as well as I want to go boating. He and I both want to go boating.

1.4 cases where the predicate needs to be singular

1) the pronoun each and the compound pronoun composed of every, some, no, any, etc. are the subjects, or the subject contains each, every, and the predicate needs to be singular.

For example, Each of us has a tape-recorder. Each of us has a tape recorder.

there is something wrong with my watch. There is something wrong with my watch.

2) When the subject is a book or an aphorism, the predicate verb is usually singular.

for example: the Arabian night is a book known to lovers of English. > It is a good book familiar to English lovers.

3) When compound nouns indicating money, time, price or weights and measures are used as subjects, these nouns are usually regarded as a whole, and the predicates are generally singular.

For example, three weeks were allowed for making the necessary preparations. Three weeks are allowed to make the necessary preparations.

Ten yuan is enough. ten yuan is enough.

1.5 refers to the singular and plural of the predicate whose meaning determines

1) When a collective noun is the subject, the number of predicates should be determined according to the meaning of the subject. Such as family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee, etc., when used in the plural, it means each member of the collective, and when used in the singular, it means the collective.

for example, His family isn't very large. His family is not a big family.

His family is music lovers. His family are all music lovers.

However, people, police, cattle, poultry, etc. in collective noun use the plural form in any case.

for example, Are there any police around? Are there any policemen around?

2) Some nouns, such as variety, number, population, proportion and majority, are sometimes regarded as singular and sometimes as plural.

for example: A number of+noun plural+plural verb

The number of+noun plural+singular verb

for example: A number of books have lent out. Many books have been lent out.

the majority of the students like English. Most students like learning English.

1.6 be consistent with the noun or pronoun that follows

1) When the subject is caused by words such as half of, part of, most of, and a portion of, the verb is usually consistent with the noun or pronoun that follows of.

For example, Most of his money is spent on books. Most of his money is spent on books.

Most of the students are taking an active part in sports. Most students can take an active part in sports.

2) when some phrases, such as many a or more than one, are used as the subject, the predicate verbs are mostly singular. But when more than… of is the subject, the verb should be consistent with the noun or pronoun after it.

For example, Many a person has read the novel. Many people have read this book.

more than 6 percent of the students are from the city. More than 6 percent of the students are from this city.

2. Nouns and pronouns are consistent

2.1 Pronouns and nouns they replace or modify must be consistent in person and gender.

for example, (wrong) thought of us who are over fifty years old should get their blood pressure checked regularly.

(correct) thought of us who are over fifty years ol. D should get our blood pressure checked regularly.

Those of us over 5 should have our blood pressure checked regularly.

3. Equivalent components are consistent

3.1 The equivalent components in a sentence should be consistent in structure, otherwise they will lose balance and coordination.

For example, (wrong) She is not only famous in China but also abroad.

(correct) She is famous not only in China but also abroad.

She is not only famous in China, but also internationally.

3.2 in the comparative structure, the things to be compared should be of the same composition.

For example, (wrong) the workers in that factory are worried than our factory.

(correct) the workers in that factory are worried than our factory.

There are fewer workers in that factory than in our factory.

Pronouns, numerals, prepositions and conjunctions

We have already talked about the usage of verbs, nouns, adjectives and adverbs. Of course, other usages such as pronouns, numerals, prepositions and conjunctions will also be involved in the senior high school entrance examination. Below I will briefly remind you of the points that should be paid attention to in each category of words.

1. Pronouns

Students need to master the following indefinite pronouns: all, each, both, Both, Inner, one, none, little, few, many, much, either, another, some, any, no, Every constitutes compound words such as nobody, and pay attention to indefinite pronouns's attributive postposition, such as something English

2. Numerals

Students need to remember some special spellings of ordinal numbers. Such as: 1—— first, 2nd 2—— second, 3rd 3—— third, 5th 5—— fifth, 9th 9—— ninth, 12th—Twelfth, 2th—Twentyth

In addition, you need to remember the following phrases: Dreams of hundreds of solutions of thousands of tens of solutions. Of tens of thousands of several millions of millions, but the exact hundred or thousand cannot be used in the plural form, such as: ten thousandthree million

3. Prepositions

Prepositions are mainly prepositional phrases, especially those with fixed collocation and usage. There are many such phrases, so I won't repeat them here. You can look at the phrases on pages 24 to 28 in the Guide to English Review for Junior Middle Schools. But I want to mention a few phrases that were not in the old textbooks before. Please pay attention to them.

For example, speak highly of regard… as … as … as …… make a contribution to doing sth contribute to …

4. Conjunction

Students need to memorize the following conjunctions or conjunctions: neither … nor … either … not only … but also.

for example, Neither you nor I am right. Neither you nor I are correct.

Either Lucy or Lily is going there. Either Lucy or Lily is going there.

So when both…and… connect the subject, the predicate verb should be in the plural form.

For example, both Lucy and lily are going there.

Types of sentences

1. Simple sentences that should be mastered with special attention

Special interrogative sentences with prepositions

In special interrogative sentences, interrogative pronouns as the object of prepositions can be separated from prepositions and placed at the beginning of sentences, while prepositions are placed at the end of sentences.

for example, Whom do you travel with? Of course, you can also put prepositions at the beginning of a sentence.

in short, don't throw away the preposition.

Special interrogative sentences with parenthesis

In special interrogative sentences, you can often see the following sentence: Where do you think they may go? Among them, do you think is an interrogative parenthesis, and the rest are the object clauses of think. Note that interrogative parenthesis is not separated from the rest of the sentence by commas.

Interrogative parenthesis also includes do you hope, do you guess, etc. There are also parenthesis in affirmative sentences. Such as: That man, I guess, is inside a police nor a soldier. The parenthesis in the affirmative sentence should be separated from the rest of the sentence by commas. Remove the parenthesis, the sentence is still a complete sentence.

You'd better (not) ... (do sth.) This expression is often used to put forward "advice, suggestion and warning". The more euphemistic and polite way is would you like ... Or what about (doing)? For example, it's too dark. You'd better leave at once. I'm afraid (that) … I'm afraid (that) I can't go with you today. It's often used to express one's opinion euphemistically or predict an unpleasant thing.

2. compound sentence

compound sentence focused on coordinate conjunctions. The coordinate conjunctions are and, or, but, both… and, neither… nor, either… or, not only… but also… and so on.

3. Complex sentences

The main contents of complex sentences are object clauses, adverbial clauses and attributive clauses.

① object clause

The main points of the object clause are: the echo of tense, the agreement of person, the word order, etc.

a. the conjunction of the object clause: the object clause itself is a narrative sentence, and it is guided by that. He said (that) he would leave on March 12 next week. When the object clause itself is a special interrogative sentence, it is guided by interrogative words. Do you know where we can find our teacher？ If or w is used when the object clause itself is a general question.