Joke Collection Website - Cold jokes - Brief Introduction of Su Shi's Second Wife Wang Runzhi in Northern Song Dynasty. What did Su Shi write to Wang Runzhi?
Brief Introduction of Su Shi's Second Wife Wang Runzhi in Northern Song Dynasty. What did Su Shi write to Wang Runzhi?
Later, Su Shi said in the tribute to his second father-in-law: Shi began to get married, and Gong Shang was a son. If you allow your virtue, you will not be able to do it. Only male * * *, heir with a pole. Benevolence is heavy, and kindness is appropriate. (Collected Works of Su Shi, Volume 63)
Youzi is a nephew, which means that Wang Junxi is Wang Fu's uncle and Leap is Wang Fu's cousin. "Mo" is a bamboo basket for picking mulberry. Although these two words are modest, they properly show the identity of leap at that time: a village girl who is good at cooking tea and picking mulberry.
The reason for getting married is that Wang Fu is very filial and takes care of Su Shi, and they are deeply in love. Unfortunately, fate is impermanent. In May of the second year of Zhiping (1065), Wang Fu died of illness at the age of 27. The remaining son, Mai Su, is only 6 years old.
It is speculated that Wang Runzhi can use the age difference of 1 1 year to build a house for his brother-in-law. One of the important reasons is that he secretly loves his brother-in-law since childhood. There are some grapevine reports that Wang Runzhi should be moved by Su Shi's deep affection for his cousin and admire Su Shi's literary talent and character. She knows that such a man is enough to entrust her life, and only when she marries him can she feel really safe. In fact, we can see some clues from the AD 1093 (the eighth year of the Northern Song Dynasty and Yuan Dynasty) in Su Shi's Ode to the Dead Wife in Tongan County:
Yesterday, Tong Yijun did not wait for years; Heirs are brothers, and there is nothing like a virtuous man. Since the female post was repaired, the mother instrument has been embarrassed. Three sons are like one, and love falls from the sky. (Collected Works of Su Shi, Volume 63)
"Tong Yijun" was the memorial to Wang Fu by the imperial court, and "not many years" indicated that the marriage between Su Shi and Leap was decided less than one year after Wang Fu's death. The purpose of this is simple: only Leap can be used as the second room, and Mai Su, the child left by Wang Fu, will be taken good care of. Sure enough, Sister Leap's son and his later sons, Su Lang and Su Guo, all came out with themselves, and Su Shi soon had a harmonious and happy family.
The origin of the name is based on the ranking of the bride's family. The bride's original name was twenty-seven Niang, and the name "leap" was obviously invented by Su Shi. She was born in the first month of the eighth year of the Qing Dynasty, and Leap was born in this leap month. The literal meaning of "leap" is unexpectedly "increase". For Su Shi, the loss of his wife in middle age and the helplessness of finding a stepmother for his children are also related to "leap"
Investigating the genealogy of the Su family, we found that the women in the Su family, like most women in the society at that time, had no formal names. Su Shi's grandmother is called Shi, and her mother is only called Mrs. Cheng, while Su Zhe's wife is willing to be called Shi all her life. Only Su Shi's two wives and concubine Wang Chaoyun, like men, had their own names and characters, which was rare at that time. From this point of view, they are lucky to marry a university student.
Not only that, Leap goes further than Wang Fu, and it has its own word: Zhang Ji. This shows that Wang Runzhi ranks fourth in her family.
Character evaluation and Su Shi's cohabitation.
From the first year of Xining (1 0 6 8) to the eighth year of Yuan You (1 0 9 3), Wang Runzhi and Su Shi lived together for 2 5 years. At that time, Su Shi was 33-58 years old and 2 1-46 years old. This is the most ups and downs in Su Shi's life. Wang Runzhi accompanied Su Shi from Meishan, his hometown, to Kaifeng, the capital, and then to Hangzhou-Mizhou-Xuzhou-Huzhou-Huangzhou-Ruzhou-Changzhou-Dengzhou-Kaifeng-Hangzhou-Kaifeng-Yingzhou-Yangzhou-Kaifeng. He spent half a day in Wan Li, accompanied Su Shi through the most important stage of his life in obscurity and experienced ups and downs. Wang Runzhi spent the longest time with Su Shi, and was a housewife in the most turbulent period of Su Shi's life. Although the length of life can't be the only basis for judging whether feelings are deep or not, it is at least a basis worthy of attention.
The weight of Su Shi's poems and articles
Generally speaking, although Wang Runzhi and Su Shi lived the longest, Su Shi did not leave any message for Wang Runzhi. It is indeed the most convincing to analyze Su Shi's feelings for three Wang Xing partners from his poems, words and articles. The author makes statistics on the poems, words and works written by Su Shi to Wang Runzhi, which will be described in detail later. Compared with Wang Fu and Wang Chaoyun, Su Shi's works written directly or indirectly for Wang Runzhi are not so famous, but they are not as unique as some critics say. It is worth noting that although the article is not so famous, Wang Runzhi can be seen in Su Shi's works in almost every period of his life, which is described in chronological order. When I first spread the sentence to Hangzhou, it was like flying snow. Still not at home. Invite the bright moon to the wine curtain, and the wind will penetrate the screen window. Just like Chang 'e pities Shuang Yan, she shines brightly, but she draws a beam obliquely. "Su Shi misses leap, but writes about himself from a leap perspective. Although this first-person narrator is a traditional way of writing, it is very interesting. Because the object of the first-person narrator is Song * * *, and the object of this word is his wife who loves him deeply, and the old bottle is filled with new wine. This is the biggest difference from similar words. It expresses the idea of leap deeply and elegantly, and has high aesthetic value and strong artistic appeal. In addition, there are poems related to leap, such as "Visiting two monks, Qin Hui and Huisi, on the 12th": "The sky wants snow, clouds fill the lake, and Mount Taiming disappears. There are many fish in the clear water stone, but no birds in the deep forest. It's really entertaining not to return to your wives and concubines in the twelfth lunar month. "I just arrived in Hangzhou soon. The key to' I don't return to my wife and concubine in the twelfth lunar month and entertain myself' is to have a good wife, otherwise I won't enjoy this leisure, which reflects the leap ability from one side. This kind of praise for his wife is even more obvious in "Tomorrow's Ninth Festival, I won't go to the ancient meeting because of illness, and then I will use rhyme": "I am poor and arrogant, and I am empty and close to old Meng Guang. "
In the horrible moment of Huzhou's arrest, the cold joke of Yang Pu's wife's poem vividly reproduces the scene at that time: the true Sect of the East was sealed back, the hermit on earth was visited, and the alarmist Yang Pu could write poems. Call right, say no, and ask if anyone sent poems before he left. Park Yan: "Nothing. Only the minister's wife has a quatrain: don't be down and out, drink and drink, don't be infatuated with poetry. I'm going to the general's office today, and this time I'm going to ruin my old scalp. " Laugh on the ground and put it back on the mountain. I'm in Huzhou, chasing me to the prison with a poem. My wife sent me out and everyone cried. Gu Lao's wife was speechless: "Can't you write me a poem like Shi's wife?" If a wife doesn't care, what she pays is what she pays.
In the postscript of Huangzhou Book, the image of Shi is vivid: "At the beginning of Shi's arrest and imprisonment, there was another son who was a little longer and walked with him. The rest of them are housekeepers, and all the women are naive. Stay and, at the suggestion, take your papers home. The state and county watched the wind, sent officers and troops, searched around the ship, and all ages died. When I went there, the woman scolded the sun:' writing a book is good, but I'm afraid I wrote it too well!' Take it and burn it. If you decide something, you will find reasons again and again, and you will die in seven or eight points. Huzhou was arrested. Due to the sudden incident and the deliberately created atmosphere of terror, Wang Runzhi and his family were in a state of extreme panic at that time-"the young and the old died several times", so it is completely reasonable that the poetry books that would lead to disasters should be a normal reaction.
Later, some commentators took this as the reason for the bad feelings between Su Shi and leap, which was divorced from the specific background at that time and lacked a real understanding of Su Shi's open-minded and tolerant personality. If Su Shi thinks that Wang Runzhi's burning of poetry books at that time is unforgivable, then he can't understand the desperate poems that he left in Yushitai prison shortly thereafter. In the farewell poem ("If you give something to the imperial palace, the jailer will invade it slightly, so you can't compare it with yourself. When he died in prison, he could not be exonerated, so he gave two poems to Liang Cheng, the jailer, and left his children with two poems "). The author was concerned about his brother and his old wife Wang Runzhi:" The rhinoceros horn on his forehead is really a gentleman, and the cow clothes behind him are ashamed of his old wife. " The author is not blaming his wife here, but living up to his wife. Su Shi made it very clear. In Huangzhou, the famous "Post-Red Cliff Fu" also has a thoughtful figure: "It is the hope of October and will return to Lingao. The two guests never crossed Huangni Sakamoto. When frost and dew fall, the leaves of trees fall off. The figure is on the ground and sees the moon. Who cares? Sing and answer. I once sighed at the sun:' There are guests without wine, wine without vegetables, and the moon is white and clear. "What is such a good night?"' Guest Day:' Today, at dusk, I caught a fish with a huge scale and a shape like Songjiang perch. How about the wine in Gu 'an? Go home and find a woman. Women's Day:' I had a beer fight, and I hid it for a long time, just for fear that my son would need it.' So I swam to the red cliff with wine and fish. Today, we can appreciate the immortal fu on the back of the red wall, which actually contains leap's credit: "I fought for wine and hid it for a long time." Leap's carefulness and thoughtfulness provided indispensable entertainment for Su Shi's night tour of Chibi. This is a kind of wife's love, from which people can even vaguely feel the thoughtfulness of maternal love. In the correspondence with my friend Zhang at that time, I left another unforgettable aspect for future generations: "... a cow died of illness yesterday." Doctor Niu doesn't know what it is like, but the old lady knows. One day, she said:' This cow edamame spot sore is also bad, and it should be vomited together with Artemisia annua porridge. Use its words to influence. "("Thick Book with Zhang Zi ") Leap's skill is vividly reproduced here. In the hard years in Huangzhou, it was Leap's thoughtfulness, thoughtfulness and ability that made Su Shi survive the dangerous period, which also led to Su Shi's sincere praise for Leap's "The son can still blame the same Yuan Ming, and the wife is poor and virtuous" (the fifth of Six Princes)
Epitaph, eulogy
Su Shi's eulogy to Wang Runzhi is "in memory of his late wife Tong Anjun", which is much richer than the epitaphs written to Wang Fu and Wang Chaoyun. It truly and objectively summarizes Wang Runzhi's life, which is worthy of careful analysis. First of all, treat three sons equally-"Three sons are like one, and love falls from the sky". This is especially important for stepmother. "Everything prospers at home", and the love for children is the guarantee to maintain family harmony. Having a harmonious and warm family can not only shield the external wind and waves, but also bring tranquility and warmth to Su Shi, a trendsetter in the turbulent era. Secondly, I take pleasure in the joys and sorrows of life-"From my southbound journey, I take pleasure in water. Tom county, I am so happy that I can't see my face. " Although Leap comes from a peasant family, he is very graceful. Whether Su Shi relegated Huangzhou or made a fortune later, in the face of earth-shaking life situation, Leap did not change his tone and calmly responded. It is not surprising that farming cattle and clothes, farming and weaving, never complain, are luxurious and extravagant. Thirdly, the grief that the knot of husband and wife returning home cannot be realized: "I will go back to Yuan Qiu tomorrow. I had a lot of needs, so I was abandoned first. Whoever welcomes us will feed us. There's nothing I can do. Tears dry my eyes. I really appreciate you letting me travel abroad. Only one thing, still doing this. " Returning home is the knot of Su Shi's life. Especially in the late period of Yuan Zhe, Jia Yi, Zhu Guangting and Tingzhi Zhao attacked Su Shi for no reason out of personal grievances and personal rights, which strengthened Su Shi's will to leave early and return late. But whether to go back to Meishan's hometown or to Changzhou to settle down, Su Shi actually hesitated. In March of 57 (1092), Dongpo moved from Yingzhou to Yangzhou, and his student Chao Chuan's sentence was Yangzhou, which was greeted by poetry. He said in the poem "Two Rhymes Greet a Bachelor without Blame": "I want to go back to China and plan with my wife. I originally went back to the southwest of Lulian. " Su Shi told his disciples in his poems that such an important event must be approved by leap, which shows his position in his mind. Su Shi's trust and dependence on the "old wife" has surpassed the common love of husband and wife and sublimated into attachment to motherhood. At that time, Dongpo bought a field in Cheung Chau, which was taken care of by his eldest son, Mai Su. Leap wants to return to the hometown of Meishan and Qingshen, which is also Su Shi's lifelong hope. They reached a tacit understanding, that is, to quit the officialdom and return to their hometown. There are fond memories of their childhood and youth in their hometown, familiar people, familiar mountains and familiar water ... On August 1st, the eighth year of Yuanxi (1093), Leap died in Bianjing, and in the face of Leap who left first, the husband and wife could not return together. "Only the same thing, still the same." The author's grief is real and touching, and his aesthetic tension is as shocking as that of Jiangchengzi (Ten Years of Life and Death) and Xijiang Moon (jade bone's melancholy fog), revealing Su Shi's deep attachment to the leap. In addition, it should be noted that Su Zhe wrote two eulogies specially for Leap-"Tribute to Sister-in-law Wang" and "Tribute to Sister-in-law Wang". The essay "In Memory of the Late Sister-in-law Wang Shi" can best represent Su Shi's family's evaluation of Wang Runzhi: "Brothers sit in words and gather in thorns. Escape from Zhucheng, there is no way to support yourself. Thanks to the ring, it's not due yet. Fly to the western wall, and people will fly to the north. The rich and the poor are embarrassed, and the viewer is surprised. Sister-in-law doesn't change color in her Q. Take vegetables and vegetables as an example, the rate comes first. Sex is innate, not learned. " Su Zhe's Postscript of Luancheng (Volume 21) gave a very high evaluation to Leap, and finally Su Zhe buried Su Shi and Leap together. Although Su Shi and Runzhi didn't "go back to their hometown in Meishan", at least they realized their last wish of "dying in the same cave" in a foreign land, which drew a less satisfactory full stop for their lives.
It is worth noting that Wang Runzhi, who Su Shi married, is 21 years old. According to the etiquette of the Song Dynasty, "women aged 14 to 20" can get married if they don't mourn. Judging from the fact that Su Ba Niang married Cheng Zhicai at the age of 16, Wang Fu married Su Shi at the age of 16 and Shi married Su Zhe at the age of 15, the wedding date of Meishan women is mostly between the ages of 15 and 16. So, why is Leap still in the world at the age of twenty-one?
There can only be one reason. Marry Leap to Sue's house to take over her cousin and be Su Shi's second wife. This marriage is most likely arranged by Wang Fu at his deathbed. Otherwise, Su Shi, as an "emperor's disciple" of the two schools, and an official of the local history museum in Liu Pin, Ouyang Xiu has repeatedly declared that he will be a master of articles in the future, and it is impossible to marry a village girl whose youth has passed away.
This point is really ignored by scholars who study Su Shi and compose music for him. Perhaps the choice of words for "Twenty-seven Niangs" who are not proficient in literature and ink was before and after Su Shi took Chaoyun as his concubine, because Chaoyun followed Su Shi and took the word "Xia Zi"; If I have something to say, how can my wife not?
Su Shi first mentioned leap to outsiders in his poems as a good wife.
In the fourth year of Xining (107 1), on November 28th, Su Shi arrived in Hangzhou as a general. On the third day, that is, 1 February1Sunday, he went to the West Lake to visit friends introduced by his mentors Ouyang Xiu, Whist and Qin Hui, who are poets from Gushan. In the famous book "Visiting Two Monks in Qin Hui Gulangshan Temple in December", he wrote freely:
It will snow, the clouds will fill the lake, the towers will be bright, and the mountains will be gone.
There are many fish in the clear water stone, but no birds in the deep forest.
I really entertain myself by not returning to my wife in the twelfth lunar month.
In the Song Dynasty, the twelfth lunar month was a public holiday. On this day, the emperor gave medicine to officials, and the people also exchanged needed items. "Every household in the alley feeds each other." When he first arrived in Hangzhou, he needed to deal with his colleagues and neighbors. Su Shi gave up human relations and went to Gushan alone to find monk poems. He also proudly said that he would not be a wife on the twelfth day, indicating that his wife could cope with the "Lu Xiang" at home, and let him stay away from the noise of the world and go to the quiet and lonely mountains to watch the water, enjoy the fish and welcome the birds. At that time, Su Lang, the son of Kaifeng Leap, could not walk, and Su Shi's great uncle Su Lian's eldest grandson died in Beijing, so his nephew's widow and two grandnephews had to be raised by them. The old wet nurse is old, and the housework of a dozen people is completely left to leap. Su Shi's "free and easy" is really a kind of happiness
A leap in Su Shi's eyes
Su Shi later called himself leap in a poem written on the Double Ninth Festival:
Poor crazy blow hat syma, empty to kiss old Meng Guang. -"Tomorrow's Double Ninth Festival, I will not go to the ancient meeting because of illness, and then use rhyme."
Sima is a pronoun of children's sentences, and Meng Guang is the wife of Hongliang. The Book of the Later Han Dynasty said that when Hongliang was an attendant in the south of the Yangtze River, his wife Meng Guang personally cooked food to make a living. She and her husband take Qi Mei as an example and regard each other as guests. The metaphor of "Old Meng Guang" is enough to show that Leap is hardworking and capable, and his feelings for her husband are profound.
Su Shi later gave a higher evaluation to his beloved wife in a poem to his good friend Wang Gong:
The son can also blame the same Liang Yuan, but the wife is poor in virtue and respect. -"Six Princes with Two Rhymes" (5)
"Liang Yuan" is the word of Tao Yuanming, a reclusive poet. When he returned to the farm, he wrote a "poem of responsibility" and warned his son not to be lazy. Su Shi's two poems are embellished, and his wife is very virtuous, which he flaunts.
"Mastery" is the word of Yan Feng, a great man in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. The Book of the Later Han Dynasty said that Yan Feng was a child prodigy who could recite poems at the age of nine. The word "extensive reading" came from his evaluation. Yan Feng is knowledgeable, outstanding in character and pays more attention to honesty. Unfortunately, he married a particularly jealous wife, complained all his life, and even wrote to his brother-in-law asking for a divorce from his wife. Because of this, Liu Yiqing, the author of Shi Shuo Xin Yu, said wryly that compared with Yan Feng and Feng Jingtong, I have three things in common: first, I am bold and upright; Second, dare to speak, not for the world; The third is to have a strong husband's wife and a bumpy family. Su Shi also likes to laugh at himself for no reason. If his wife is a bit bossy, he will complain like Liu Yiqing. The phrase "Corporal Wife" shows that he is really impeccable, and his life is much happier than that of Yan Feng.
Interestingly, Su Shi also wrote this passage after the poem:
Although the servant's article failed to capture Yan Feng, his generosity is worthy of being an Weng. (Feng) Yan met the brave ancestor, but he was exiled, similar to a servant. However, Yan's wife is very jealous, and her servant is not as good as this, so there is a sentence of "winning the scenery".
Su Shi was born wild and uninhibited. Only a virtuous woman like Leap can give him more freedom and let Su Shi leave this fashionable woman who was born in a dance pavilion at a young age at Chaoyun's side and live in harmony with her for life. Perhaps Wang Fu knew that her cousin was open-minded and hard-working, so she specially arranged for her to take care of her husband and young and helpless son when she was in danger?
Runzhi's personality characteristics
Wang Runzhi is gentle and virtuous. When he was in Huangzhou, Su Shi was depressed and the child was still crying in front of him. Su Shi is about to get angry. Wang Runzhi enlightened Su Shi and said, "How can you be more stupid than a child? Why are you unhappy? " Su Shi felt guilty after hearing this. Wang Runzhi washed the cup and put it in front of him. This incident was written into the poem by Su Shi. It is a great comfort for Su Shi to have a good wife in the bitter days of Huangzhou.
Virtue is by no means blind obedience, and it does not mean resignation. Leap followed Su Shi 16 years, went through official positions in Hangzhou, Mizhou, Xuzhou, Huzhou and other places, * * * lived in Huangzhou, and then went from the imperial court to counties and counties, and then returned to the imperial court, with ups and downs, drifting from place to place, but she was by no means dispensable in Su Shi's life. Please look at the following example:
When Su Shi first arrived in Mizhou as a satrap, it was a drought, locusts were everywhere, and the people were hungry, cold and miserable. At the beginning of his tenure, Su Shi devoted himself to exterminating locusts, then helped the poor, picked up abandoned babies along the city wall, and finally dug wild vegetables with the people to spend the famine, almost to the point of physical and mental exhaustion, occasionally losing his temper at home and talking loudly to the children. Is understandable. Su Shi has a poem "Children", which records a little thing that happened at home:
The child didn't know how to worry, so he sat up and grabbed my clothes. I want to be angry with the children, but my wife advised them to be stupid. Children are even more obsessed with you. What are you unhappy about?
I'm still ashamed of this statement. Wash your lamp in front of me. Beat Liu Ling's wife, just to drink.
This child should be Su Guo, born in Hangzhou. At that time, he was only four years old When he sees his father coming back from outside, he may want to eat something good. Su Shi is tired and hungry. Maybe he just dug up Qiju and abandoned the baby, so he lost his temper. The so-called "I'm more infatuated with you, what's there to worry about if I'm unhappy" is a description of leap. How can you be more willful than him? You get angry when you get home. Why not have some fun? "There is both blame and love, as well as dual care for her husband and son. Then she washed the teacup for her husband, put fresh tea on it, or served the "thin wine" of Mizhou that Su Shi liked, so that her husband could return to the warmth of his family with warmth.
At this time, Su Shi had nothing to say except regret.
"Beating Liu Ling's wife just to drink" is another story. Liu Ling, a celebrity in Jin Dynasty, was an alcoholic. As long as there is some money at home, he will take it out to buy wine. In order to help him get rid of his alcoholism, Mrs. Liu often hides the wine, and even "donates wine to destroy the device", spills the wine and smashes the wine device, which makes her have to lie at home all day to cheat on the wine. Su Shi thinks that Leap is better than Mrs. Liu Ling, loving without drowning, complaining without worrying. Isn't such a vivid poem and such a true feeling of life the best praise for leap?
Life and death with Su Shi and * * *
On the occasion of Wang Runzhi's birthday, Su Shi released fish as a blessing to her and chronicled the latest flowers. "Three pearls, the king kneels" is a compliment to her for treating her three sons equally, regardless of each other and loving each other. Wang Runzhi and Wang Fu's hometown are both green gods in Meizhou, where the mountains and rivers are beautiful and the Minjiang River passes through. Wang Runzhi, born in a riverside family, is the most beautiful woman in the world in Su Shi's eyes, with green mountains and green waters.
Wang Runzhi is a typical traditional housewife. Su Shi's "Wutai Poetry Case" was arrested and imprisoned. Wang Runzhi was frightened and worried that the bad guys would find out Su Shi's crimes from the poems, so he burned Su Shi's poems. This incident has also become an irreparable regret in the hearts of people who have loved Su Shi for thousands of years.
However, Wang Runzhi is not without artistic cells. When Su Shi's family was in Ruyin, plum blossoms were in full bloom in front of the hall all night, and the moonlight was fresh. Wang Runzhi asked Su Shi to invite friends to drink under the flowers. She said: "The spring moon is better than the autumn moon, which is both sad and happy." Su Shi was overjoyed and said, "I really didn't know you could write poetry. What you just said is really a poet's language. " The so-called true poetry is among the people, and Wang Runzhi, who can't write poetry, inadvertently said a poetic language, which inspired Su Shi to write a poem "Broken Magnolia":
In the spring afternoon, the fragrant mash danced.
Nine winding corridors, dancing steps, trees among trees, half withered, and the wine is fragrant to plum.
Light clouds, thin fog and moonlight on such a spring night are the time for young people to enjoy happiness.
Unlike the autumn moon, people who cling to leave are injured twice.
Wang Runzhi accompanied Su Shi through the ups and downs of his official career. They lived together for 25 years and experienced the famous Wutai Poetry Case and Huangzhou's relegation. When the economy was most difficult, they picked wild vegetables with Su Shi, plowed barefoot, and tried their best to relieve Su Shi's boredom. When she died, the funeral was extremely grand. Su Shi personally wrote a eulogy "Ode to the Dead Wife in Tongan County", promising that "only the same point can be answered".
Wang Runzhi's coffin has been parked in a temple in the west of Beijing. 10 years later, Su Shi died, and Su Zhe buried him with Wang Runzhi, realizing the wish of "sharing the same cave" in the memorial hall. Wang Runzhi was finally buried with Su Shi.
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