What is the function of reading notes? Why do I think it's just plagiarism and it doesn't work?

Improving students' autonomy in Chinese learning with reading notes as a platform

Chinese is an important communication tool for human beings and an important part of human culture. Its core is the unity of instrumentality and humanity. Instrumentality shows that Chinese is a highly relevant subject. Learning Chinese well will cultivate and improve students' logical thinking transformation ability, problem analysis ability and aesthetic ability, which plays an important role in the study of other disciplines and the improvement of students' comprehensive quality. Humanism is mainly through literature education. Cultural edification pays attention to students' life value, cultural accomplishment and spiritual growth. In order to unify the instrumentality and humanity of Chinese, we must pay attention to cultivating students' autonomy in learning Chinese. Only when students have the ability of autonomous learning can they turn passive learners into active explorers. Starting with Chinese reading notes, this paper discusses the important role of reading notes in improving students' interest and autonomy in Chinese learning.

Keywords: reading notes, interest in Chinese learning

The new curriculum standard emphasizes: "To correctly grasp the characteristics of Chinese education, Chinese learning mainly depends not on imparting knowledge and revealing laws, but on understanding, acquiring and gradually mastering the laws of using language and characters in a large number of colorful Chinese practices. Chinese teaching should emphasize the integration of listening, speaking, reading, writing, practicing, accumulating and edifying, and constantly improve the comprehensive application ability in repeated practice. " At the same time, the new curriculum standard also advocates the autonomy and cooperation of Chinese learning methods. Explore the learning style. This tells us that Chinese teaching must not simply replace learning with teaching. We must attach importance to cultivating students' autonomy in learning Chinese, which is the starting point and destination of Chinese teaching. The role of reading notes should not be underestimated in cultivating students' autonomy in Chinese learning. Because: "Any rigid Chinese textbook is always far away from students. Teachers are with students every day and know them best. Therefore, teachers choose some fresh, interesting and valuable reading materials according to students' interests and actual needs to arouse students' reading interest. " [1] The traditional Chinese reading notes are nothing more than a reading article arranged by the teacher, so that students can write a little after reading. Teachers assign tasks, and students automatically complete the tasks by reading articles that they are not interested in or even understand. The effect of doing so is usually small. What's more, students' passive attitude will inevitably reduce their interest in learning Chinese. However, if we teach students to take new reading notes in another way, what effect will it have? I will make a concrete statement from the practice of Chinese reading notes, comments on reading notes, examples of reading notes and the effectiveness of reading notes.

First, find a new way and be good at bringing forth the old and bringing forth the new

We know that memory is an important means to accumulate knowledge, but it is not the only means. Therefore, we can't completely rely on our own memories to store knowledge. Lenin has an amazing memory, but he diligently wrote a lot of reading notes. As the saying goes, a good memory is not as good as a bad pen, and the lightest ink in time is better than the strongest memory. Therefore, the Russian writer Tolstoy asked himself to carry a pencil and a notebook with him. When reading and talking, write down all the wonderful places and words. China also said, "If you don't accumulate a trickle, you can't become a river. If you don't accumulate steps, you can't become a thousand miles." [2] It can be seen that reading notes really play an important role in our study and life. Mr. Ning Hongbin bluntly said: "In the teaching of Chinese knowledge, we can't just take the method of teachers talking, students listening or teachers copying students' notes.

What are reading notes? Reading notes refer to notes made by recording one's reading experience and experience in the form of words or sorting out the wonderful parts of the text when reading. The ancients paid attention to the heart, mouth, eyes and hands. Actually, copying by hand means taking notes. And rich and practical Chinese reading notes are launched in this range. They are not limited to simple experiences and excerpts, but mainly based on comprehensive Chinese knowledge and related knowledge of many disciplines, and they can also cover learning methods.

There are many ways to read notes. I choose to teach students the following methods:

(1) simple extraction method: extract some important ideas, wonderful warning sentences, useful data and materials from books or articles, with the purpose of accumulating various materials and preparing for study and work. According to the original book or the original system extract; You can also extract important arguments and paragraphs.

(2) the method of feeling: the method of feeling is not only to extract notes, but also to write your own views and comments on these points. The commonly used method is title annotation. You can also outline the arguments or main arguments of books and articles to facilitate your understanding of an article or a work. You can also write down your own thoughts after reading it. That is, you can write down your own understanding, feelings, experiences and inspirations after reading or reading an article. You can write down your reading experience, feelings and gains. It is also a good reading method to synthesize opinions, put forward your own opinions and record them.

(3) Flexible cut-and-paste method. That is, newspaper clippings and useful materials, long articles can be posted on notebooks or loose-leaf books, and short materials can be posted on the corners of notes. Newspaper clippings can be marked, classified and posted, and the source should be indicated when using them. You can also copy and paste the copy into your notes.

(4) Decorative note method. This method plays an important role in improving students' interest in taking notes. The method is to guide students to beautify their notes, such as adding some beautiful pictures to their notes, or drawing some pictures themselves to make themselves interesting in Tao Le; You can also design a note page as a layout.

The above methods are the basis of Chinese reading notes, but Chinese, as a highly inclusive subject, can't stick to a certain module or rigidity in its teaching and learning methods. Therefore, in the process of students taking reading notes, teachers should always pay attention to absorbing excellent reading notes, and communicate and promote them in the exchange class of learning methods, so that students can not only learn excellent Chinese reading notes, but also gain more valuable Chinese knowledge. More importantly, in this way, students' interest in taking reading notes has never been higher, and they have learned to study independently. As Mr. Ye Shengtao said, "Teaching is for not teaching".

Second, punch line notes encourage creativity.

Chinese reading notes are students' own works based on their personal reading comprehension. Many students have put a lot of effort and thought into reading notes. They are innovative, refreshing and a little naive. In the past, some students liked to copy songbooks, but since they made Chinese reading notes, they threw them away and tried their best to design their own notes. There are exquisite stickers and unique key marks, comments and messages exchanged by students, and warm corrections, which make them have a new understanding and experience of Chinese reading notes and like such notes. Of course, they also hope that their efforts will be affirmed by teachers, and once their achievements are appreciated and corrected by teachers, their progress and intention in taking notes will often exceed our imagination. Some scholars believe that: stimulate interest with novelty, stimulate interest with beauty, and nourish interest with emotion. As long as students are interested, they will study happily, and will not take learning as a burden and forget to eat and sleep. Therefore, teachers should be innovative when dealing with reading notes.

Chinese reading notes are collected and checked regularly. However, if students only give the symbols of "excellent, good, medium and poor" in comments and revisions, it will inevitably leave them with an acceptance fatigue, because these words have been in contact with them since they entered school, and these words have long lost their initial charm in their eyes. If these evaluation methods are used in the comments of Chinese reading notes, it will not only dampen the enthusiasm of students to take notes. It will also make Chinese lose its due language charm. In other words, if teachers can learn from others and make bold innovations in comments, they will receive unexpected results. The following are my comments on the advantages and disadvantages of students' Chinese reading notes:

1, for the notes that are carefully written and fluent in writing, I recognize: "Clear water produces hibiscus, which is naturally carved. If boys work hard, language can become ".

2. For the students who boldly wrote down their real reading experience and carefully designed the note format, I commented: "Write down their true colors with smart pens and try to take notes. I write my thoughts with a pen and don't take the usual path. " .

3. For the notes with unique and eclectic design style, I recognize: "Because I have my own style, it looks unique, because I know the true meaning of beauty, so I choose to pursue it unremittingly." .

4. When I see a series of excellent works with lofty ideas, ingenious ideas, exquisite words and wonderful sentences, I will write down excitedly: "all loves!" Or: "Words can't kill you."

5. I often look at the little progress in students' reading notes with appreciation. I ask students to write their own insights in their notes after accumulating some excellent paragraphs or writing ideas and life insights. There must be classic quotations in the article. When I see students applying accumulated knowledge in article writing, I always appreciate such praise: "I don't know who cut the thin leaves", and writing with heart is like spring breeze! " Or simply say, "The lotus just shows its sharp horns, but the dragonfly stands upside down." These praise, appreciation and inspiring comments make students feel refreshed. Many students read, feel and appreciate the comments with joy and pride. Therefore, students are not only interested in Chinese, but also interested in taking reading notes and writing.

6. When I read a series of articles with earthy fragrance in my reading notes, I readily agreed: "How can I ask the canal to be so clear? Only the source comes from running water. " "As bright as this" makes students understand that their articles are novel, and "Water is coming" makes students understand that their articles are novel because of continuous accumulation.

7. For students who have profound experience, I will write: "Good writing. Good insight. Read history with your eyes. Debate with knowledge. Children can do it. They have worked hard and achieved remarkable results. " In fact, this is also a composition evaluation, a primary school teacher who later became a great writer.

8. By reading notes, those students who were at a loss can write a long article of 400-500 words. At this time, I will be pleasantly surprised to approve: "300 pages of notes, you can sing without writing poetry." Or comment: "reading a million volumes, writing like a god."

9. Rich accumulation, inspired by the teacher's comment on writing, many students are also eager to apply, borrow and quote famous sayings and poems in their compositions. Proper quotation of famous sentences not only makes the language of the article attractive and literary, but also increases the connotation of the article. After reading such a beautiful sentence, I can't help writing "Good rain knows the season, when spring comes. Sneak into the night with the wind and moisten things silently. "

10, some students have accumulated too little notebooks, but the accumulated contents are good. I will say in a provocative tone: "It is difficult for ordinary written notes to show openness." Students are students after all. As I said before, there will inevitably be a naive side in the process of taking notes. At this time, the teacher's comments need to be targeted and implicitly point out the students' shortcomings. In order to urge them to correct. At this time, we might as well make humorous criticism and elegant teasing, so that students can feel something in a happy smile and be moved. If the content is too scattered, regardless of priority, I will write: "Cooking porridge is the best material, and notes should be the essence." Or: "Literati use pens as swords to break thousands of threads. Don't be brave, but notes also have basic skills. "

Some of these comments are famous aphorisms, some are famous sentences and some are euphemistic criticisms. Choosing these sentences as comments, on the one hand, breaks the disadvantages of students' notes, on the other hand, broadens students' knowledge, and at the same time, gives students invisible incentives to continue to improve the content and style of notes with a happy and relaxed attitude, and feel the fun of Chinese learning in the process.

Third, the sky is high for birds to fly and the sea is wide for fish to jump.

China's knowledge is vast. If you can't open your eyes, you won't get real knowledge. Literature is free and unrestrained, and the choice of reading notes should be eclectic. The sky is high for birds to fly and the sea is wide for leaps. Encourage students to choose articles, phrases, aphorisms, famous poems, proverbs, lyrics, jokes, interesting stories and common sense of life they are interested in at will. Students can enrich themselves only by boldly broadening their horizons.

Example 1:

"We like to list our opponents as enemies, too envious or even slanderous, but a person's real growth begins with sincere appreciation of their opponents." -Zhang Ailing's Silly Girl is Me.

Example 2:

"You and everyone on earth, from the first day of arrival, have been riding a fast-moving life train. At the terminal of the train, there is a stop sign with a picture of a skeleton hanging on it ... Some people were born in a warm and comfortable sleeping car and don't worry about food and clothing, but you are like a traveler with a stop ticket. In the noisy and crowded carriage, you are still struggling to find someone who can make you better.

Example 3:

"Life is the most precious thing for people, and life only belongs to us once. A man's life should be spent like this: when he looks back on the past, he will not regret wasting his time, nor will he be ashamed of doing nothing. In this way, when he dies, he can say, "My life and all my energy have been devoted to the most magnificent cause in the world-the struggle for the liberation of mankind. "-.

Example 4:

"I would rather fail in something you like than succeed in something you hate.

A man is not born to be defeated. You can destroy him, but you cannot defeat him.

Every day is another day. Luck is of course the best, but I prefer to make the best preparations, so when luck comes, I am ready to meet him. "-Hemingway's The Old Man and the Sea.

Example 5:

Novel and inspiring essay topic: the weight of tears, there is a golden Buddha in the heart, love is a support, love is the greatest commitment, the road is under the nose, the lily blooms in the heart, another expression of love, the eighth sin is gone, and the fallen leaves are the business cards of autumn, the disappearing primary colors.

Ex. 6: My favorite article: Divide one's life: Boys are willing to sacrifice their lives to protect the people they love. This story makes me understand that there is a kind of love in the world called unintentional love, and there is a kind of love in the world called reluctant love. Life is priceless, and the ocean of love is boundless. I hope there will always be love in my life.

The contents of the above notes are rich and varied, which stimulates students' interest in learning Chinese actively. Of course, some students have a wider range of accumulation, involving a considerable amount of Chinese common sense, such as "three Su and three Cao" and "eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties". Some students also imitated some works when accumulating calligraphy works. They all want to recommend what they think is good to their teachers, and the teacher's positive evaluation has virtually helped their interest in Chinese learning.

Fourthly, the cultivation of idioms and literary mind.

When reading notes reach a certain thickness, students' reading ability, writing ability and language expression ability will rise to a higher level. Some people say that "the thickness of reading determines the depth of composition", which makes sense. In the process of taking reading notes, I always encourage students to learn from others and express themselves boldly. The style of writing is free and eclectic, and essays, essays and essays can be used. Poetry and other forms to express their thoughts. After the fixed procedure of reading notes was broken, students' creativity was greatly exerted. When I appreciate these articles, I am often shocked by the unique perspectives of children. I'm also very satisfied with what I did. First of all, I selected some wonderful reading notes to enjoy:

Example 1:

Don't walk with your eyes closed

If a person always walks with his eyes closed, he will never know that there is an open door in front of him.

We always involuntarily imprison ourselves and lock ourselves in a self-righteous space, thinking that the reason is simple! In fact, sometimes, being a man is not simple, and it is not good to be a simple person.

Herbert said, "For a blind ship, all winds are against the wind." For many people, setting goals is a painful and difficult thing, so many people have always chosen to go with the flow. I was tired of going with the flow, so I chose the wind direction. Wang Xiaobo said: "Life is inevitably going to be vulgar." I think vulgarity is a swamp. If you walk through this swamp, you must be ahead.

Life has to take detours, and life without detours is too dull. Open your eyes and discover the little things in life, and life will become wonderful. As the teacher taught, "there was no road in this world, but there were many people walking, so it became a road." In this walking process, the person who walks out of that road first is often the most successful.

This kind of article is pleasing to the eye, with proper quotation and unique writing style. Some languages in the article are in their reading notes.

Example 2:

A distant traveler

Time is like that fast bus.

After one stop, another stop.

Many times, we are just a passenger in the car.

Tired of sleep, I miss one after another.

The scenery in the distance

Eager to reach the finish line, but afraid of the end.

My friend said: She is still marking time, but I haven't stopped.

Not that I want to leave, leave.

In order not to look back, in order to peep at the mottled years.

And a ray of sadness

When I saw this little poem, I almost doubted whether it was their own work. But when talking about this poem, they moved out their reading notes, turned to the relevant accumulated content and the sentences they usually wrote casually, and explained the writing ideas to me reasonably. Frankly speaking, I was inspired because I accumulated too much. This makes me feel very gratified.

The above article is a second creation by students on the basis of the original text, with an eclectic form and writing their true feelings in combination with reality. They have written our lives with their own unique brushstrokes, and have their own unique experiences, which give people a refreshing feeling.

There are also some students who have accumulated a lot of Chinese answering skills and interesting Chinese knowledge closely related to the textbook, such as:

Examination skills

Solutions to reading problems in narrative works and literary works;

1. The function of scenery description: to render the atmosphere, contrast the emotions of the characters, promote the development of the plot, show the quality of the characters and contrast the central meaning.

2. The function of description method: to express the character and reflect the theme of the work.

3. The role of metaphor, personification and other rhetoric: the rhetoric of … is used to write …

4. The role of parallelism: enhance the expressive force of language and vivid writing. ...

5. The role of rhetorical questions: strengthen the tone, cause the following, connecting the preceding with the following.

6. The role of rhetorical questions: arouse the reader's attention and thinking, lead to the following, connecting the preceding with the following.

Idiom "mouth" (interesting Chinese)

1. The boldest-(bold) 2, the farthest-(see a thousand miles)

3, the greatest strength-(the power of the nine cows and two tigers) 4, the fastest walk-(lightning speed)

5, the highest knowledge-(talented people) 6, the greatest ability-(creation)

7, the broadest mind-(open-minded) 8, the most extensive knowledge-(knowledgeable)

9. The most extravagant-(spending money like water) 10, the longest waterfall-(plummeting)

Chinese reading notes immerse students in the colorful literary world and enjoy it; Floating in the ocean of knowledge, wandering freely. Because they like to take notes by themselves, a large number of students can combine their hobbies, boldly innovate and write seriously. Some students have accumulated a lot of calligraphy works, because they like it and often imitate it, which invisibly improves their writing level. It can be said: "intentionally plant flowers, unintentionally plant willows."

It can be seen that Chinese reading notes play an inestimable role in improving students' aesthetic ability, appreciation ability and writing ability. More importantly, Chinese reading notes contribute to the generation of students' autonomy. As Comenius thought: "In all natural actions, development is endogenous", "We don't have to persuade a bird to fly. When the cage is opened, it will fly immediately".

refer to

[1] Shao Liqin. Modern China pedagogy [M] Yunnan University Press, 2005, p. 40.

[2] Xunzi advised to learn

[3] Ning Hongbin. Exploration of Chinese teaching reform in middle schools [M]. Shandong Education Press, 200 1 edition, p. 18.

[4] Comenius. On Great Teaching [A] Education Science Press 1999 Edition, p. 248

(From Chen Xiaoling/)