Fang Bao, an essayist and writer in the Qing Dynasty, is a brief introduction, and he is the author of "Talking about Ji Zhe" and so on.

Personal profile Fang Bao official to the right assistant minister of the ritual department. Bao was born in liu village, Liuhe County, Jiangsu Province. Great-grandfather Fang Damei was a scholar in the 14th year of Wanli in Ming Shenzong (1586) and once served as Shao Qing of Taibu Temple. Great-grandfather Fang Xianggan, a Ming Dynasty native, was once an envoy of the inspection department and was stationed in Zuojiang, Cenxi. In the late Ming Dynasty, he lived in Jiangning (now Nanjing) because of avoiding chaos. Grandfather Fang Zhi worked as a teacher in Wuhu and was later transferred to Xinghua County. Father Zhongshu, born in imperial academy, went into Wu Mian's home in liu village, Liuhe County, Jiangsu Province after sunset; Gave birth to three sons: the eldest son Ark, the second son Fang Bao and the youngest son Fang Lin. The author of The Complete Works of Mr. Fang.

Life experience Fang Bao was very clever from an early age. At the age of 4, he can write couplets, at the age of 5, he can recite sentences by heart, and at the age of 6, he moved to Jiangning's former residence with his family, still retaining Tongcheng nationality. 16 years old, went back to Tongcheng, Anhui Province with his father to take the imperial examination. At the age of 24, he went to Beijing, entered imperial academy, made friends with Wen, and became famous, known as "the first in the south of the Yangtze River". Li Guangdi, a university student, praised Fang Bao's article as "the resurgence of Korea and Europe, and there was no such thing after the Northern Song Dynasty". At the age of 32, Fang Bao won the first place in the rural examination in Jiangnan. In the forty-five years of Kangxi (1706), he was the fourth among the Jinshi. When my mother came home sick, she didn't go back to the palace for the exam. In the fifty years of Kangxi, Fang Bao was sent to Jiangning county prison by Julian because of the preface to Nanshan Collection. Soon, he was transferred to the capital and sent to the prison of the Ministry of Punishment, where he was sentenced to death. After two years in prison, he still insisted on his works, including The Book of Rites and Funeral or Analysis of Problems.

In the fifty-second year of Kangxi, in order to save Li Guangdi, Emperor Kangxi personally instructed that "Fang Bao knows everything in the world", so he escaped death and was released from prison. As a civilian, he entered the southern study as the emperor's civil servant, and then moved to Yangmengzhai to edit Music Law. In 1961, Emperor Kangxi was appointed President of Chongwu Yingdian. In the ninth year of Yongzheng (173 1), Zuo Zhongyun was awarded as Zhan Shifu Zuo Chunfang, and moved to imperial academy the following year, where he was awarded a bachelor's degree as a lecturer. In the eleventh year of Yongzheng, he was promoted to a bachelor's degree in cabinet, served as assistant minister of rites and served as president of unified records. In the thirteenth year of Yongzheng, he served as vice president of Huang Qing Wenying. In the first year of Qing Qianlong (1736), he once again entered the south study room and served as the vice president of Sanlishu. After working for four years, he was dismissed and still stayed in Lisan Concert Hall to study books. After seven years, he abdicated due to illness and returned to his hometown. Emperor Qianlong awarded imperial academy the honorary title. From then on, he wrote books behind closed doors at home and died on August 18th, 14th year of Qianlong (1September 29th, 749). He died at the age of 82 and was buried in Liuhe, Jiangsu.

Personal achievements were introduced to essayists in the Qing Dynasty, and he won the first place in Jiangnan in the rural examination. Forty-five years (1706) Jinshi, returned home with his mother's illness, and did not become an official. Fifty years (17 1 1) implicated the Nanshan case in Dai Mingshi. After being pardoned, he transferred the flag of the Han army and entered the Zhinan study room. In sixty-one (1722), he was the president of Shushu Wuying Store. Yongzheng, removed the flag, still belong to China. Imperial academy, Bachelor of Lecturing, Bachelor of Cabinet, Assistant Minister of Ritual. When he was in Qianlong, he re-entered the south study room and served as the right assistant minister of the ritual department and the curator of the history museum. Resigned in seven years (1742). Some of Fang Bao's works, such as prison miscellanies, reflect the cruelty and darkness of feudal judicial system and prison management; Preface to seeing off Feng Wenzi, Preface to seeing off Uncle Wu Pingyi's Julu, Please Determine the Period of Land Harvest and Land Silver Harvest, and Please Prepare for Drought Relief reflect the shady management and people's livelihood of officials in some counties and counties, which has practical significance. He is the author of Collected Works of Mr. Wang Xi (18), Collected Works of Foreign Languages (10) and Addendum to Collected Works of Foreign Languages (2).

Fang Bao of Tongcheng School is the founder of Tongcheng School prose in Qing Dynasty. He highly praised Zhu Cheng's Neo-Confucianism and Tang and Song prose. According to the Chronicle of Twelve Governors in Historical Records, Confucius said that "keep his words, get rid of his annoyance, and control his righteousness", and advocated that "righteousness" should be emphasized in writing ancient Chinese. He said: "Righteousness is the so-called" words have substance "in the Book of Changes; "Fa" is the so-called "orderly speech" in Yi. It means to learn classics, and then to become an adult. " (Biography of Right Book Huo Zhi) puts forward that the article should focus on "Muslim elegance" and "elegance". He said that in ancient Chinese, "Quotations should not be written in Chinese. People in Wei, Jin and Six Dynasties were elegant in flowers, and Han Fu was more important than words. Poetry was meaningful, and the history of the North and South was skillful" (Biography of Calligrapher Wang Xi). He also said, "Those who are not conducive to world religions, popular support, politics and law are good at writing." (Preface to Send Li Yucang) In Rewriting with Liu Zhuo, he opposed the thoughts of Huang Zongxi and Yan Yuan against Zhu Cheng's Neo-Confucianism. Although he was strict and restrained, he could meet the needs of consolidating ideological rule and writing style in the Qing Dynasty, so his theory became popular and had great influence.

Fang Bao's own prose aims at "righteousness" and "halal elegance". Classic Confucius History, Reading Notes of Emperor Wendi, Preface to Collected Works of Li, Biography of Lu, Biography of Zuo Lie, Biography of Li Gang, Tombs of Wild Seasons, Notes of Travellers, etc. are all concise, elegant and orderly. But the feelings are indifferent, the image is not strong, and the boldness of vision is not grand enough. Yuan Mei sneered at his "weak talent" (Poem Imitating Yuan Chengshan), and Yao Nai also said that he "read Taishi Gongshu (Historical Records), as if the spirit could not include its greatness, distance, sparseness and magnificence." (with Chen Shishi's book)

Fang Bao wrote 13 volumes Notes of Zhou Li, 36 volumes Textual Research of Zhou Li and 4 volumes Textual Research.

Zhou Guanbian (1), Yi Li Analysis (17), Yi Li Analysis (46), Funeral or Question (1), Chunqiu Bishi Catalogue (4), Poetry Meaning Correction (8), etc. Famous articles: Zuo Anecdote, Miscellaneous Notes in Prison, On Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty, Preface to Li's Collected Works, Lu Chuan, Co-writing with Li Gang, Biography of Sun Zhengjun, Tomb Watch of Wild Season, Notes of Travellers, etc.

Academically, he advocated Fang Bao's aim of studying, based on Confucian classics, respected Zhu Cheng's Neo-Confucianism and followed ancient etiquette in his daily life.

Being upright and upright, he likes to reprimand people's mistakes in person, so he is excluded by some people. Fang Bao initiated the theory of "righteousness and law" and advocated the unity of "Tao" and "Wen". In the annotation of Historical Records, he said: "Righteousness means that the words of the Book of Changes have substance, and law means that the words of the Book of Changes are orderly. Take righteousness as the classics, take law as the latitude, and then use adult language. " The thesis advocates "righteous law", which lays the foundation for Tongcheng School's prose theory. Later, the article theory of Tongcheng School, that is, based on Fang Bao's Yi Fa, developed and improved continuously, thus forming the Tongcheng School, the main literary ally of the Qing Dynasty, which is still valued by the national academic circles, and Fang Bao is therefore called the "originator of Tongcheng School".

Anecdote Fang Bao was brilliant when he was young. At the age of four or five, he could recite pairs and chapters. At the age of seven, I read historical records and began to read ancient classics at the age of ten. One day, Fang Bao was playing in the wild. May is the busy farming season in the countryside, and men, women and children are pulling out seedlings and transplanting them in the fields. Tian Tou, the farmer who pulled out the seedlings, tied the seedlings with straw and read aloud:

"The straw sticks to the seedling, and the father holds the child."

Hearing this, Fang Bao stopped at Tian Tou. The farmer saw a child standing here with another sentence in his mouth. He smiled and asked Fang Bao, "Can you make couplets?" Fang Bao thought carefully and said to himself: straw, father also; Miao, Zi Ye. Looking up at the present, he saw several women putting bamboo shoots into bamboo baskets not far away. He raised his eyebrows, nodded confidently and loudly said:

"The bamboo basket is full of bamboo shoots." The farmer was surprised and boasted that Fang Bao was really a "child prodigy".

Kangxi praised Kangxi for traveling incognito. He met Ouyang Hong in a teahouse in the town of Roman Lake and introduced him to a post office for drinking and chatting.

Speaking of the joke of "washing horses in the East Palace", Ouyang Hong, who is extremely clever, immediately realized that this amiable old man in front of him may be the emperor today. When Kangxi saw his expression, he was shocked and thought, "This ugly old man is very talented, and he is afraid that if he continues this topic of' washing horses', he will expose his identity." Kangxi hurriedly called Zhang and changed his words. Kangxi and Zhang inspected this Ouyang Hong's knowledge through chatting, and found that he was "knowledgeable, quick-thinking, and had unique and even amazing opinions on everything." Kangxi said to himself, "What a great scholar. Compared with Gao Shiqi, he is worse. Unfortunately, he is a little old, otherwise, I will use him. " Finally activated. Kangxi discovered that this Ouyang Hong was a square bud. Fang was convicted of Nanshan Collection, abandoned it as a civilian and lived among the people. After Kangxi discovered it, he put it into the study as a cloth. Only a handful of people can go to the study, and people regard them as prime ministers.

Others commented 1: Yao Nai said: "Reading Taishi Gongshu (Historical Records) seems that the spirit cannot include its (square bud) greatness, distance, sparseness and magnificence." (with Chen Shishi's book)

2. Yuan Mei commented on Fang Fang's poems in his early years, saying that "a generation of authentic talents is weak, and Ruan Ting's poems are collected".

Roy praised Fang as "no literary mind is clear, profound, solemn and clean after Song Dynasty".

4. Fan Yao said, "Wang Xi's prose is between the old and the new, hiding something from his relatives and seeing that it is ethical."

Historical Records records the draft of Qing history, Biography of Fang Bao.

Fang Bao is a native of Tongcheng, Jiangnan. Father Zhong Shu, send books to Shang Yuan, be good at poetry, the second son. It's time to learn from experts, learn ancient Chinese and be self-sufficient. In the thirty-eighth year of Kangxi, he was a juren. In forty-five years, I will try Chinese style. As soon as I hear about my mother's illness, I will return to serve the court exam. In the past 50 years, Zhao Shenqiao illegally edited Dai Mingshi's Nanshan Collection and Louis at the suggestion of the vice governor, which contained contradictory words and even Bao Zuxiao's words. The world is famous in Baotong County, and it is also an ancient prose. Bao was arrested and imprisoned for his preface. In fifty-two years, the prison was built and celebrities sat down. Filial piety has died before, and his son has been guarding Shengyi and others. Those who have contacts with the prison authorities are exempt from sin and enter the flag. Li Guangdi, a great scholar, also recommended Bao, calling it the study of Bao Zhinan. A few days later, I changed to a straight Mongolian vegetarian diet and edited a book on Dile and Algorithm. In 1961, he was appointed president of Shushu Wuying Store. Sejong acceded to the throne, and those who entered the flag with Bao Bao and their people returned to their hometown. In the second year of Yongzheng, Baoqi returned to China to bury her mother. Three years later, I returned to the capital and went straight. For several years, I was awarded Zuo Zhongyun. Three moves for bachelor of cabinet. Bao speaks with foot disease, and is ordered to be responsible for repairing books, without worrying about the cabinet. Jishi Shu was appointed President of Yitongzhi and Vice President of Huang Qing Wenying.

In the first year of Qianlong, he served as the deputy envoy of Sanliyi. He also ordered Zhiren to study in the south and assistant minister of Zhuoli Department, who was still suffering from foot disease, to stay on it and was ordered not to walk with the class. I ordered me to teach Jishi Shu. I insisted on appointing an assistant minister. I promised him that I would still hold my original title. At the beginning of germination, due to the kindness of the Holy Father, he longed to see politics as an academic. Emperor Guangdi and Zuo Duxu Yuan Meng's suggestions are elegant and heavy. Bao looked at the gains and losses of political affairs and made some comments. He was ordered to specialize in editing and finally got an official position in the sage dynasty. Sejong pardoned the flag, called the son of heaven, and comforted him, saying, "I am really grateful to the first emperor for enforcing the law." When you are old, you should know this meaning. " Nate, apart from getting to the point, tame and make it clear. Bao repeatedly said, "There are seven cases in the valley, which are always closed. The southern province is low and humid, with abundant food. It should be tailored to local conditions, and there is no need to draw inferences. Rice is expensive in famine years. I have a secretary to ask a high official to set the price, but I dare not do it without anyone to wait on me. After that, if the counties encounter high prices, they should set prices immediately and still report to the provincial officials in detail. There is mouse consumption in the grain storage warehouse, the inventory is reduced, there is freight for moving, and there is labor consumption in the warehouse. If there is a surplus in the value of spring ploughed crops, it will be reserved for all expenses. An honest official, who is cheap in autumn and gets a lot of food, should make it clear and don't save it in detail, in case the New Year relief apologizes. " The second half of the discussion. He also said that people's livelihood is scarce, so please ban shochu, tobacco planting, rice going abroad, and order the second governor, tree animals and gentry to spend the F waterway. He was also asked to correct his habits and promote talents, saying, "If you are deceived, you should delay seeing courtiers, and don't do evil and show your likes and dislikes. Everyone knows those who believe in their loyalty and selflessness. First, work hard, break the practice of favoritism and malpractice, abuse power for personal gain, pay a high salary for a long time, and give knighthood gold and silk. In particular, the six departments must be cautious and concise, so as to cultivate subordinates and advance and retreat properly, and then they will be proud of themselves. "

At the beginning of Qianlong, Shu said, "It is appropriate to save the famine. In late summer and early autumn, floods and droughts are abundant and sorry, and nine times out of ten. In the old case, the disaster report had to wait until August and September, and the victims didn't wait until evening, so they called the news and survived for more than ten days. Please report the floods and droughts in May and June. " He also said: "There must be a pool in the ancient city. There are two officials in charge of danger and palm, relying on ditch trees to guard it. Please repair it in time. Tongchuan can spend money to repair rivers, and it is possible to build dams and ponds. If the town is suitable for ditching and building castles, all records will be reported. Sorry for the New Year, relief work. " In the second half of the discussion, it is not feasible to worry about disasters in May and June. Things in ditches, trees, ponds and weirs are all discussed by the governors. Emperor Gaozong's Life Bud chose and criticized the contemporary art of Ming Dynasty and now, and showed the students the principles. This book was completed, and Life was ordered as four books written by King James. Bao wants to imitate the tribute of the school and put forward a discipline program to teach, so please change the rules of library classes and library classes, but this suggestion won't work. Bao is old and frail, so pity him and ask a doctor to see him. Gao Bin, the governor of the river, and Gao Bin asked for private books, but they were not straight. Bao is good with Shang Tingzhen, who guards Tailing, and Bao ranks first. Tell Bud to the right, and Bud invites Ting Zhen. Living without a fixed place, I called Tingzhen on the advice of Zuodu, but I couldn't go on living and moved out of the city. Alternatively, the antonym of bracts can be used to indicate that bracts are missing, so it is a sign. Jishi Shu has left the museum, and the probation period has been determined. Wu Qiaoling will arrive later, so please make up for the trial. Or, also called Bao Bao, moved to Qiao Ling's house and was invited. On the other hand, it is an edict to pursue responsibility, cut the title of assistant minister, and still ordered to repair the three rites and righteousness. In the year of Bao, he was eighty years old, and he became sicker every day. He played several generations of college students, gave him the title of assistant lecturer, and promised to return to Li. Fourteen years, died, 82 years old.

Baobao stopped, and there was a shortage of people to serve wine. He said, "This official can make Fang Bao do it." No one answered. Bao is a scholar of Zong Cheng and Zhu Xi, especially in the Spring and Autumn Period and Three Rites. Home, ancestral temple, sacrificial ceremony and Yitian. It is Wen. Since the Tang and Song Dynasties, everyone has read Taishi Gong Shu, and it is the responsibility to help the Tao and the wind. Especially strict with the righteous law, it is an authentic ancient text and is known as the "Tongcheng School". (Draft of Qing Dynasty, Volume 290, Biography 77)

Fang Bao's grandfather Fang Zhi (1615-1687), whose real name was Han Shu, was Ma Xi, and he was in Gong Sheng. He has served as academic supervisor in Wuhu County and academic director in Xinghua County.

Father Fang Zhongshu (1638— 1707), whose real name is Dong Nan, was born in imperial academy.

Brother Ark (1661-1701) is 100 words. Fang Bao tasted the Ark, which is famous for its works.