What are the characteristics of Taizhou dialect?

Taizhou dialect is a dialect of Wu dialect, which is spoken by residents of Taizhou, a coastal city in southeastern Zhejiang. It is quite different from Mandarin in pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar. The use of Taizhou dialect includes Tiantai, Sanmen, Linhai, Xianju, Huangyan, Jiaojiang, Wenling, Yuhuan, the area south of Chalu Road in Ninghai County and the area north of Qingjiang River in Yueqing County. This piece is represented by Linhai dialect.

speech sound

There are 34 consonants in Taizhou dialect, which are divided into unvoiced consonants, unvoiced vowels, full voiced consonants and sub-voiced consonants.

The first letter of a Chinese syllable

P play p? F manufacturer? M night, b meal, v meal? I am slow.

T bear t? Charcoal? What about n? L lazy d bomb? N is difficult and l is rotten

Ts nevus ts? Sting s four? Z word

Bored? Years old girl? Live broadcast? Tree bait

K marries K? Me? Get out of the car, g summer

trait

1) The word "pepper" is basically pronounced as [k] in Taizhou dialect, and it is rare to see the phenomenon of literary and colloquial reading. Only a few words are pronounced [? ] or two readings [k]/[? ] such as "home" of "home"; When celebrities read Jia and Joe.

(2) The initials of Zhang Zhuang Group in Taizhou dialect are quite different from those of Dang, Jiang, Tong and Zhen. In Wenling dialect, these words are all pronounced with tongue sounds; Tiantai, Sanmen and Xianju dialects are mainly composed of [ts] initials, such as "putting on makeup promotes business injury", and Linhai dialect has fewer initials than the above three places. But "Jiang, Tong and Zhen" are all places to study. ] group initials, such as "Chuang Chuang Shuang, the bell is swollen at the end, insects and insects, Zhu Zhou's uncle touches, and the spring lips are accurate and smooth".

3) The initial consonants of "Xiao" and "Liu She Kai" in Taizhou dialect are highly consistent. Typical "shou" and "Shao" are pronounced in Taizhou dialect, which is in sharp contrast with northern Wu dialect. The same is true of other words, such as "Zhao Zhao Zhao Zhao Zhao Shao Zhao Zhao Zhao Zhao Zhao Zhao Zhao Zhao Zhao Zhao Zhao Zhao Zhao Zhouzhou Zhouzhou Zhouzhou Zhouzhou Zhouzhou Zhouzhou Zhouzhou Zhouzhou Zhouzhou Zhouzhou Zhouzhou Zhouzhou Zhouzhou Zhouzhou Zhouzhou Zhouzhou Zhouzhou Zhouzhou Zhouzhou Zhouzhou Zhouzhou Zhouzhou Zhouzhou Zhouzhou Zhouzhou Zhouzhou Zhouzhou Zhouzhou Zhouzhou Zhouzhou Zhouzhou Zhouzhou Zhouzhou Zhouzhou ZhouzhouZhouzhouZhouzhouZhouzhouzhouzhouzhouzhouzhouzhouzhouzhouzhouzhouzhouzhouzhouzhouzhouzhouzhouzhouzhouzhouzhouzhouzhouzhouzhouzhouzhouzhouzhouzhouzhouzhouzhouzhouzhouzhouzhouzhouzhouzhouzhouzhouzhouzhouzhouzhouzhouzhouzhouzhouzhouzhouzhouzhouzhouzhouzhouzhouzhouzhouzhouzhouzhouzhouzhouzhouzhouzhouzhouzhouzhouzhouzhouzhouzhouzhou

4) When spelling the consonants of Xiao group, they will be palatalized in northern Wu dialect. ] group initials, there are some palatalization phenomena in southern Wu dialect. In Taizhou dialect, except for some palatalization in some places, the feature that the root of the tongue can spell fine sounds is basically retained. This is also one of the main features of Taizhou dialect. In Taizhou dialect, there are differences in spelling after seeing Xiao Group by the difference between Qi and Cuo. When vowels are put together, except for some areas of Wenling, Jiaojiang, Huangyan and Yuhuan, other dialects still retain the initials of the tongue root [k] group. Some people think that the initial consonant is the middle tone [c] group. In fact, the middle tone of the tongue here is the natural result of "reverse assimilation" of consonants after they are spelled at the root of the tongue, which is essentially different from the complete palatalization into tongue sounds. However, Taizhou dialect will not be palatalized when the initials of Xiao group are spelled with a pinch of mouth, which means that the initials of [K] group can be spelled with a pinch of mouth. For example, "returning to Guangxi, persuading donations, brothers and sisters, lack of songs" and so on. In short, after seeing Xiao Group, I spelled the words "Sacrifice Zhiwei, praise Dong Zhong first", and the initials of Taizhou dialect were not palatalized. However, the words "Zhihe San" and "Tonghe San" have some literary and colloquial phenomena. For example, the pronunciation of the text changed from pinching to opening and closing. Therefore, the difference of Taizhou dialect lies not in whether to divide the sharp sound group, but in the type of the sharp sound group. Although the phenomenon of [k/c] has been found in some places in southern Wu dialect, it is definitely not as common and systematic as Taizhou dialect.

5) When Jiang takes vowels, it is one of the commonalities of northern Wu dialect to keep nasal endings or nasal rhymes. In southern Wu dialect, the rhyme endings of Pan 'an, Tangxi, Wencheng and Wenzhou dialects have fallen off and become unvoiced vowels. In Taizhou dialect, all three dialects pronounce vowels, such as Zhang [? Me? ], ask for help [p? ]。 And the second-class Geng rhyme of terrier is also pronounced [? ], such as "support a variety of straw and pit pond, hard shed farming". Dangjiang's vowels are also pronounced in some places such as Xianju Baita; Tiantai dialect, in addition to yang rhyme, emits nasal vowels [i? ], when Jiang pronounces vowels [? ] or [u? ]。 Linhai and Wenling are both northern Wu dialects.

6) Shanzhao is combined with Zhang Yunzhi Group in three counties. Most places in northern Wu dialect read Yin Hong, while the mainstream pronunciation of southern Wu dialect is good. Most dialects in Taizhou, like southern Wu dialect, read Cukou Hu [y? ]。 For example, Linhai, Tiantai, Sanmen and Wenling are pronounced as "Special Ship Biography". Only a few places in Huangyan, Jiaojiang and Wenling (such as Zeguo) read red, and the initials are the tip of the tongue, not the surface of the tongue.

7) Puppy vowels, most of the northern Wu dialect is pronounced as single vowels, and the southern Wu dialect has a large proportion of compound vowels. In Taizhou dialect, Sanmen, Tiantai and Xianju also pronounce vowels [au] or [iau]. Linhai and Wenling are both northern Wu dialects.

8) "Wan" and "Fan" are all homophones in Taizhou dialect, and the initials are all pronounced as [v] (except some words are pronounced as white). But the pronunciation of southern Wu dialect is different in most places. The initial of "Wan" is [m], the initial of "Fan" is [v], and a few places are [f].

9) "Ji" and "Zi" are different sounds in Taizhou dialect. The former is lingual sound, and the latter is tongue tip sound. In southern Wu dialect, many places are homophones, and the initials are all tongue-tip sounds.

10) Whether "elder sister" and "zhe" have the same rhyme. "Sister" has different rhymes in northern Wu dialect, but most of them are homophony or even homophony in southern Wu dialect. Taizhou dialect is more complicated. In Taizhou dialect, most vowels in the pseudo-Sanma rhyme group are pronounced [ia], such as "thank you, thank you, thank you, thank you, thank you, thank you, thank you, thank you, thank you, thank you, thank you, thank you, thank you, thank you, thank you, thank you, thank you, thank you." Sister "has two pronunciations:? Ia] and [? I]. Linhai, Sanmen, Huangyan and Jiaojiang read [ia] rhyme, Tiantai Xianju and Wenling read [i] rhyme. The white pronunciation of Wenling is [? I], pronunciation [? Ia] or [? Me? ]。 In Taizhou dialect, except for the word "zhe", the word "ma" is pronounced with the rhyme [o], which is the same word in Taizhou dialect. Ia]. So in some local dialects such as Linhai, Sanmen, Huangyan, Jiaojiang and Wenling, "Jie" and "Zhe" are homophones.

1 1) [? ] group initials fall off. There are different degrees of [? ] The initial letter of the group falls off and becomes zero. However, there is no data showing this phenomenon in Taizhou dialect so far. This is the same as the northern Wu dialect.

12) nickname sound change. This is a common phenomenon in southern Wu dialect, but not common in northern Wu dialect. The phonetic change of Taizhou dialect is the same as that of southern Wu dialect, and it is also very rich and prominent.

13) Level adjustment type. The tone of Wu dialect in Yin Ping is different between north and south. Among the northern Wu dialects, Yongjiang dialect and Shanghai dialect have a high level of intonation, while most of the southern Wu dialects have a medium level. Taizhou dialect, like southern Wu dialect, Zhong Ping dialect is the mainstream of Taizhou dialect. Linhai, Huangyan and Jiaojiang have a slight downward trend.

14) The types of tone sandhi. The tone sandhi of southern Wu dialect is mainly "pre-tone sandhi", while northern Wu dialect has different degrees of tone sandhi. Tone sandhi in Taizhou dialect is as complicated as that in southern Wu dialect.