I want to learn English, but I don't have any foundation. I want to teach myself, with expert advice!

"self-study", as the name implies, means that you don't study at school, and you don't have a teacher to give you advice often, so you learn by yourself. At all times and all over the world, under difficult conditions, there are many people who have made great contributions by studying hard and studying deeply, and even in the literary and artistic circles and science and technology circles. In foreign language learning, revolutionary tutors have set an example for the younger generation. Marx taught himself several foreign languages, including English and Russian. Lenin and his revolutionary partner Krupskaya also taught themselves English during their exile. On the way of China's new long March to the "four modernizations" construction and reform and opening up, and in the implementation of Theory of Three Represents's grand cause, there have also been many young people who have made great achievements in self-study of foreign languages. Facts have proved that it is possible to teach yourself a foreign language.

First, create an English environment

We must see that, in the final analysis, language is a tool for people to exchange ideas for social interaction. Its own attribute determines that it is best to learn in a certain form of * * * with use. Especially when we want to learn a language in an all-round way, that is, to learn and master it from five aspects: listening, speaking, reading, writing and translation, that is, to achieve the "five skills", it will be very difficult if we only have a book (textbook) in hand without external conditions. The so-called external conditions include teachers (or people who walk a few steps ahead of themselves), occasional instructions (oral or written), English TV and radio programs, computer network materials, recording machines and tapes, radios, reference books, reference books and certain reading materials. As we know, Marx often sends his

articles written in English to Engels for correction (including content, of course); Although Lenin and Krupskaya had a serious period of self-study, when they first arrived in London, they found that no one could understand the English they spoke, and what the locals said was like a sealed book, so they had to learn oral English from scratch through various channels. As you can imagine, you have to learn English pronunciation and reading aloud, but you have never heard anyone or people make these sounds through machines (computers, televisions, tapes or radios, etc.). How can you learn pronunciation correctly only by describing the location of the pronunciation organs in words? How can you learn to understand English without the opportunity to hear it? As for those who only aim at cultivating reading ability, they should at least read what they read aloud in their hearts (even if it is not accurate). Otherwise, even reading is very difficult and slow. Because the so-called "reading", that is, reading, is actually "reading" silently. Therefore, my first opinion on how to teach yourself a foreign language is that if we want to achieve the goal of "Five Meetings", we must try our best to obtain or create certain external conditions, especially the conditions for listening to foreign languages.

Second, create English listening and speaking opportunities

For self-taught English learners, if they can get some opportunities to "listen" by using TV, radio, tapes and the Internet, there will be even fewer opportunities to "speak" English. In this case, try the following methods:

(1) Try to combine listening and speaking exercises.

when we listen to the tape, we should first understand the content, and avoid imitating it simply from the perspective of learning pronunciation and intonation. If you don't understand it once, you can listen to it several times. After understanding, you can imitate. First, listen and say

; Then listen and say a paragraph, and finally retell the full text. If we have a high demand for pronunciation, we can imitate it sentence by sentence until it is vivid. When we listen to a dialogue or an article or story, we should listen "personally", and while listening, we have a picture or image of the people in our minds. In this way, what you hear will leave a deep impression in your mind, which will help you to better transform what you hear into what you have mastered orally.

(2) Improving oral English by reciting

When there is really no one else to practice conversation with, if you want to cultivate your oral English ability, you have to recite more. Recite the text, recite the dialogue (one person plays several roles), and recite it thoroughly. But we should not stop at reciting, but gradually turn to "speaking", that is, we should develop on the basis of reciting and gradually add some of our own words from less to more. Both content and language can be changed, from "scripted" to flexible use. In this way, you can gradually transform the text or conversation materials from the "dead" things on books and tapes into your own "living" language.

(3) Choose a suitable spoken English textbook

To learn English conversation by yourself, you must choose a suitable spoken English textbook. At present, many English self-learners choose various foreign textbooks. These textbooks, each with its own characteristics, advantages and disadvantages, can be used. But for beginners of English conversation, it is better to use the conversation textbooks published in China and combined with our own daily life first. This theme of daily life can also include scenes of our contact with foreign friends at work. In this way, the subject matter is familiar, and the learned language can also be used in real life and work, and better learning results can be obtained. Of course, we will never exclude the use of foreign textbooks. On the contrary, in the process of learning a foreign language, we should also get in touch with foreign textbooks as early as possible, and gradually transition from shallow to deep to the original textbooks. As far as the ability of listening and speaking is concerned, it is necessary to hear more foreigners' voices through tapes and get familiar with their authentic English intonation and speaking habits.

Third, systematically understand English grammar

Self-taught English learners must systematically study one or two English grammar books.

It is not enough to rely on grammar notes and exercises in textbooks. Read a grammar book once or twice from beginning to end, and have a comprehensive concept of English grammar. Then, read chapter by chapter carefully and learn to use these grammar rules. In this way, on the basis of a comprehensive understanding of English grammar as a whole, and then studying its parts in depth, we will master it more deeply. More importantly, we should apply grammar rules to language practice, and avoid memorizing grammar rules and "grammar for grammar's sake". In a word, we should improve the level of our language practice with grammar rules, and master grammar more deeply in practice.

English grammar is generally divided into two parts: morphology and syntax; Describe morphology first, then syntax. In language practice, the two are inseparable. When learning grammar, it is necessary to study words and sentences in chapters and sections, but we must pay attention to the relationship between words and sentences. For example, when learning parts of speech, it is necessary to find out what parts of speech can serve as what components in a sentence, and how to change the form of words because of their position in the sentence; When learning syntax, we must also find out what kind of sentence components need what kind of words of part of speech and the required morphological changes from the syntactic point of view. Especially important, to learn verbs, we must find out the verb pattern required by different verbs. Give a simple example:

I asked him to do that.

I want (ask) him to do that.

The sentence pattern required by the verb ask here is:

"Transitive verb+object+infinitive (as the complement of the object)".

similarly, verbs such as tell, order, beg and want can all use this sentence pattern. However, it would be a big mistake to say I stopped him to do that if we use the word "stop" which belongs to the same category as verbs such as request, tell, command, beg and want in Chinese to express "I stopped him from doing that". In English, the correct expression of this sentence is:

I stopped him (from) doing that.

The sentence pattern required by the verb stop here is:

"transitive verb+object (+preposition from)+ gerund"

Similarly, the word prohibit (stop) which is similar to stop in this sentence. However, another word forbidden, which has similar meaning to stop, prevent and prohibit, requires the same sentence pattern as ask, tell, beg and want, instead of the same sentence pattern as stop, prevent and prohibit, that is to say:

I forbid you to do that.

I forbid you to do that.

I forbade him to do that.

I forbade him to do that.

Some of these complicated situations are really hard to understand. However, any English verb has its idiomatic usage and requires certain sentence patterns, so we can't change them at will. These examples mainly show that morphology and syntax can't be separated in fact. This should be paid special attention to when teaching English by yourself.

In short, self-taught English learners need to study one or two grammar books carefully. Besides, after we master English to a certain extent, we should learn a grammar book written by foreigners in English. In the traditional grammar book, edited by C. E. Eckersley and J. M. Eckersley? A Comprehensive English Grammar (for foreign students, translated as Comprehensive English Grammar), although it seems older, is a practical one.

Fourth, gradually improve reading ability

(1) Reading should be both intensive and extensive

Intensive reading means intensive reading, less but more intensive; The article should be short and read carefully. We should make use of dictionaries and other reference books to make clear the meaning and usage of the main words in the passage, especially verbs and verb phrases, so that they can be reused and learn useful sentence patterns and new grammatical phenomena in the passage. Further, you can also write paragraphs, summaries, etc. The so-called extensive reading means reading in a large area. At this time, not all new words are looked up in the dictionary, but the meaning and usage can be gradually mastered through the repeated appearance of words in a large number of pages and in different contexts. Intensive reading materials can be difficult to choose; Extensive reading materials should be easy to read quickly and in large quantities. In this way, the reading ability can be improved quickly and solidly by combining both essence and generality.

(2) To gradually transition to reading the original text

To improve reading comprehension, you must read the original text, or gradually transition from the simplified version of the original text to the original text, instead of reading the Chinese-English translation. When translating a text, one thing is familiar with the content, and the other thing is that the translation is somewhat influenced by Chinese, which can't really improve reading comprehension. Sometimes it even creates a certain illusion that one's English reading level is already very high, but in fact, even if the original text is quite shallow, one will find it difficult. After all the new words have been checked, one still doesn't know what to say. Beginners of English should read a lot of simplified original novels or stories, British and American literary masterpieces, etc. Although these simple reading materials have been rewritten, they still maintain the original style, and the text also strives to use the original text more. At the same time, they have different degrees of rewriting, and we can read them from the shallow to the deep according to their difficulty, and gradually transition to reading the original.

(3) About intensive reading

To read an article intensively, you must first read it through to understand the main idea, and then you can understand the meaning of words. If you have difficulty in understanding some sentences, you need to analyze the grammatical structure. And the two, as mentioned above, are interrelated. When analyzing a simple sentence, we should find out the subject-predicate relationship according to the part of speech, word form and sentence structure, and then analyze the functions of other words in the sentence (< P > attributes, adverbials, etc.). If it is a long compound sentence or main clause, we should first find out all clauses, and then determine the relationship between clauses according to the situation of conjunctions and the meaning of each clause to find out the exact meaning.

You will notice that in contemporary English, the periods after titles such as Mr. and Mrs. are often omitted. Capitalized words are generally either names or places. Obviously Privet Drive is a street name. It is natural to use the names of plants as place names and street names at all times and in all countries. But there are many words for street explanation, such as street, boulevard, avenue, path and so on. Drive is a street solution, which comes from the verb meaning of the word drive. In the past, the verb to drive animals to the market was drive. Slowly, this special road for driving animals was called drive. After that, houses were built on both sides, carriages and cars were connected, and it became a street in a small city. This is the reason why drive makes street solutions. Zhushikou, like Beijing, is the reputation of the original pig market (but Yangshi Street has not changed).

In the following passage, thank you very much is an idiom in modern English structure, that is, a quotation without quotation marks. Since Dursley and his wife often proudly claim that their family are normal people, they always have kind neighbors who care about them, so "thank you (care)".

Here to be the last (people) to be (involved in ...) is a very useful sentence pattern, which means "the person who will not get involved in anything weird and mysterious". According to this sentence pattern, we can say:

Wang Ping is the last student to be late for school.

Wang Ping is the last person who is unlikely to be late for school.

She is the last person to become a surgeon, for her's afraid of seeing bleeding.

She is afraid of bleeding, so she is the last person to become a surgeon.

If you look it up in the dictionary, you can see that to hold with means "agree with (a certain statement)", but it means "intolerable" when used in a negative sentence like this sentence. Hardly is a very useful word. Learning to use this word will make English a small step forward. Of course, first of all, we must make it clear that it is not an adverb form of the adjective hard; Hard itself is also an adverb (He works very hard). Hardly means "not at all, not at all", which is a kind of indirect negative statement.

for example:

I can hardly believe it!

I can't believe it!

after trying to read the first paragraph of this contemporary work, let's choose another paragraph that belongs to the classical school although it was written in the 19th century. 5. Writing and translation of self-taught English

It is best to have a teacher to correct it, but it is not easy to do it in rural and remote areas. How can we be "self-taught"? Several methods are recommended here.