Excuse me, where are the books of the legendary Four Emperors Tang?

After the Yellow Emperor, several outstanding tribal leaders appeared in the Yellow River Basin, namely Yao, Shun and Yu. This is the late Longshan culture, and the clan system is about to collapse. According to legend, Yao, also known as Tao, was born in Fenhe River valley in Shanxi Province today. At present, Yi Village in the south of Linfen, Shanxi Province has the tablet of "Emperor Yao Mao Ci Tai", Yao Temple Village has Yao Temple, Linfen County has Yaoling and Shenju Cave. His life is very simple. Ancient books say that he "eats from the rough, takes the soup of quinoa, has fur in winter and clothes in summer", that is, he lives in a simple house made of uncut thatched reeds and shaved rafters and eats. However, he cares about the people. Some people in the tribe are hungry and cold. He said that he made them hungry and cold, and some people were punished for their crimes. He said that this is because he is not well disciplined at ordinary times, and he has come out to take responsibility. Shun, also known as Youyu, is a native of Yao Ruins (now northeast of Yuanqu, Shanxi). Legend has it that he was inspected by Yao before he succeeded him as the leader of the tribal Council. He worked in Lishan (another name for Zhongtiaoshan), fished in (now north of Ruicheng, Shanxi), made pottery by the river in Taocheng (now north of Yongji Town, Shanxi), and was later sealed by Yao in a dangerous place (now southwest of Pinglu, Shanxi). After he became the leader of the tribal alliance, he became Puban (now Zhou Pu Town). Shun is strict with self-discipline and lenient with others. He was framed by his stepmother and half-brother several times, but fortunately, his virtuous wife cleverly designed a plan to save him from danger. However, after he was elected as the leader, he ignored the past and treated his stepmother and brother leniently, so that some enemies were moved and devoted to doing good. Yu's ancestors are said to have lived in Hetao area, and moved to western Henan when Yu lived. He took the world as his responsibility and led the people to control floods and develop production, which was highly praised. Due to the good governance of Yao, Shun and Yu, the society at that time achieved great development, showing a scene of peace and tranquility. "The world is peaceful and the people have nothing to do." Therefore, he was honored as a sage by later generations.

Yao:

( 1)

Yao Di, surnamed Yin Qi,no. Fang Xun. Because he was sealed in the Tang Dynasty, he was called "Tang Yao". Because of his high respect, people fell in love with Emperor Yao. He is serious and respectful, radiant and clear from top to bottom. He can unite people, make them unite as a family and live in harmony. Yao is simple, eating coarse rice and drinking wild vegetable soup. Nature is loved by the people.

In Yao's later years, on April 12th, Mu recommended the successor of the military leader of the tribal alliance, and everyone unanimously recommended Shun. Emperor Yao married his two daughters to Shun, made a long-term investigation on him, and finally gave up safely.

(2)

Yao, the ancient emperor of China, was one of the five emperors. His name is Yao and he is posthumous title. In the Law of the Dead, it is said that "the wing is good to spread the sage and say Yao". Yao was born and raised in the mother's house of Yi Hou, and later moved to Qi, calling Yao his surname and Yao Qi his surname.

Yao's father is, his name is Gao Ji, and his number is yes. After 70 years in office, Di Ku died and passed it on to his son Zhi. At the age of thirteen, Yao Fuzhi was sealed in. At the age of fifteen, he was sealed in Tang Di, so Yao's nickname was. At the age of eighteen, Yao was the son of heaven, and they were all in Puban. Tongdian records: "Yao was in Pu", Water Mirror Notes records: "Leitou is also called Yaoshan, and there is an old city on the mountain, which is also called Yaocheng", and "Kanshisanzhou" records: "Puban. Emperor Gaiyao also lived here and later moved to Pingyang. "

"Historical Records" said: "Emperor Yaoren is like a sky, knowing like a god, being like a sun, and looking like a cloud." Approaching him is like the sun, and seeing him from a distance is like a cloud. Rich without arrogance, expensive without arrogance. Yellow hat, black clothes, red car and white horse. "Being able to be virtuous, being close to nine families". He ordered his family and He family to push the calendar, set the age at four, and give farming time to the people. The vernal equinox, summer solstice, autumn equinox and winter solstice are determined.

When Yao was in power, the world was flooded with soup and water was treated with guns. After nine years of failure, Yu was enabled to control water. Yao set up the drum of advice and let everyone in the world do their best; Build a tree of slander and let people all over the world attack his mistakes. He ruled the world for fifty years and asked if there was anyone in the world. Do people love themselves or not? I don't know about it, but I don't know about it. So he visited the people incognito, and an old man knocked on the ground with food in his mouth, singing, "It doesn't matter to me to work at sunrise, rest in the day, dig wells and drink, plow the fields and eat." This ancient poem is called "Song of Breaking the Earth".

Emperor Yao initiated the abdication of the emperor. After 70 years in office, he thought his son Dani was not a tool and decided to choose talents from the people. Yao asked the leaders of Wang Zizhong, "Who can shoulder the heavy responsibility of the emperor?" The leader of the four princes said, "There is a bachelor among the people. Called Yu Shun. " So Yao traveled incognito and came to Lishan area. When he heard that Shun was plowing in the field, he went to the field. I saw a young man, tall, broad and sensitive, devoted to farming, driving a black cow and a yellow cow in front of the plow. Strangely, the young man never whipped the cow, but hung a dustpan on the plow shaft, knocked it every once in a while and shouted. When Yao and others arrived in the field, they asked, "The tiller whips the ox. Why just knock on the dustpan and not hit the cow? " When Shun saw an old man asking, he surrendered and replied, "It's very hard for cows to plow the fields. Why should they be whipped?" When I hit the dustpan, the black cow thought I hit the yellow cow, and the yellow cow thought I hit the black cow, so they all pulled the plow hard. Hearing this, Yao felt that the young man was smart and kind, and he was more concerned about cattle and people. Yao and Shun started a topic in the field and talked about some problems of governing the world. Shun speaks truth and understands the righteousness, which is not the view of ordinary people. Yao went to Baili again and praised Shun as a virtuous man. Yao decided to let Shun have a try. Yao married his two daughters and Shun respectively, so that both daughters could see their virtues. Arrange nine people around Shun and let nine people observe his behavior. Putting Shun in the mountains, he tamed all tigers, leopards and poisonous snakes. Shun is clear-headed, clear-headed, not lost in the mountains, and will soon come out. Yao first asked Shun to be an official in North Korea. After three years of trial, he asked Shun to worship Yao's ancestors in Yao's Confucius Temple, and Yao asked Shun to be the emperor.

Yao has been in office for seventy years, and he will be old after twenty years. Shun replaced Yao's power, and Yao gave in and died 28 years later.

(3) Yao Di Mausoleum

[There are also several tombs of Yao recorded in historical documents. It is generally believed that in Linfen, Shanxi, the sacrifices of the past dynasties were mainly held here. ]

Yao Diling is located on the north side of Li River in Guo Village, 35km northeast of Linfen City, Shanxi Province, China.

According to legend, Pingyang (now Linfen, Shanxi Province) is the capital of Emperor Yao, so there is Yao Temple in the south of Linfen and the Mausoleum of Emperor Yao in the east. The earth cliffs around Yao Di Mausoleum are surrounded by mountains, and the river flows south in front of the Mausoleum. The pines and cypresses are green and the tombs are towering. Yaoling is 50 meters high and 80 meters in circumference. There is a shrine in front of the mausoleum, which is said to have been built in the early Tang Dynasty. In the second year of Jintaihe (1202), it was recorded in the inscription that Emperor Taizong had been stationed in Liao, and he paid a visit to Yao Mausoleum and made a statue for it. In the mid-Yuan Dynasty, Taoist Jiang was ordered to build Yaoling. Ming Chenghua, Jiajing, Qing Yongzheng and Qianlong have all been rebuilt. Now the hills are still there, and the pines and cypresses are still there. There are mountain gates (music buildings on the doors), memorial archways, wing rooms, memorial halls, sleeping halls, tablet pavilions and other buildings in the temple. Compact layout, fine wood carving, red walls and green tiles, surrounded by clean cypresses, set each other off into a painting. There are more than ten stone tablets in front of the mausoleum since the Yuan Dynasty, which describe the evolution of the Mausoleum and the achievements of Emperor Yao. In the 18th year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty (1539), a complete picture of Yaoling was engraved on the tablet, which was well preserved.

④ Yao Di Temple.

Yao Temple is located 3 kilometers south of Linfen City. According to legend, Pingyang (now Linfen), the capital of Yaodu, once made contributions to the people, and later built temples for sacrifice. The age of creation is untestable. The existing buildings were originally relics of the Qing Dynasty. There is a mountain gate in front, and there are cloisters, archways, Wufeng Pagoda, Jing Yao Pavilion, Guang Yun Hall, bedrooms and other buildings. Emperor Yao and his four ministers were called "Five Phoenix". "One phoenix ascended to heaven, and four phoenixes sang * * *", hence the name Wufenglou. According to legend, Yao dug it and built a pavilion to commemorate his achievements. Guangyun Hall is a hall dedicated to King Yao, with a height of 27 meters. There are 42 circular corridors around the hall, and the pillars are carefully carved. The gold pillar in the hall is fat, reaching under the eaves, and Yunlong is coiled on the cornerstone. There is a statue of Yao Wang and his entourage in the niche. There are more than 10 stone tablets in the temple, which record the achievements of Yao Wang and the construction of the temple. Guangyuntang was destroyed by fire in 1998 and rebuilt in 1999.

The name of the emperor

( 1)

Yao was named Zhong Hua because of his legendary eyes and double pupils, and Yu Shun because of his surname Yu. Zen is located after death.

According to legend, after the Yellow Emperor, there were three famous tribal alliance leaders whose names were Yao, Shun and Yu. They used to be the leader of a tribe, and later they were elected as the leader of the tribal alliance. At that time, the leaders of tribal alliances had to consult with tribal leaders on any major issues. Yao is old and wants to find someone to take over. On one occasion, he called the leaders of four tribes to discuss. After listening to Yao, he said, "Your son is a wise man, and it is just right to inherit your position." Yao said seriously, "No, this boy has a bad moral character and likes to quarrel with others." Another man named Huan Dou said, "The workers in charge of water conservancy have done a good job." Yao shook his head and said, "* * * Men are articulate and respectful on the surface, but they are different at heart." I don't trust such people. "

The discussion was fruitless, and Yao continued to look for successors. On one occasion, he called the leaders of four tribes to discuss and let everyone recommend them. The unanimous suggestion of the meeting was to avoid it. Yao nodded and said, "Oh! I also heard that this person is very nice. Can you talk about his deeds in detail? "

Everyone explained Shun's situation: Shun's father is a completely confused person, and people call him Gu Sou (meaning blind old man). Shun's biological mother died long ago, and her stepmother was very bad. Stepmother's younger brother is called Xiang, but he is too proud to say so, but he dotes on him. Shun lives in such a family and is very kind to his parents and brothers. Therefore, everyone thinks that Shun is a virtuous person.

Yao was very happy and decided to go and see Shun first. He married his two daughters and built a granary for Shun and gave him many cattle and sheep. When the stepmother and her younger brother met, they were both envious and jealous. They played tricks with each other and tried to assassinate Shun several times.

Once, Shun was asked to repair the top of the granary. When Shun climbed to the top of the barn with a ladder, he set the ladder on fire and tried to burn Shun to death. Shun saw a fire on the top of the warehouse and wanted to find a ladder. The ladder was gone. Fortunately, Shun wears two hats to keep out the sun. With a hat in his hands, he jumped down like a winged bird. The hat fluttered in the wind and landed gently on the ground, not hurt at all.

And a unwilling, let shun to go. After Shun jumped into the well, Hexiang threw mud and stones on the ground, filled the well and tried to bury Shun alive. Unexpectedly, after going down the well, I dug a hole by the well, got out and went home safely. Not knowing that Shun had escaped from danger, Xiang returned home triumphantly and said to him, "My brother must be dead this time. I came up with this wonderful plan. Now we can share our brother's property. " Say that finish, he walked to shun's home. I don't know. As soon as he entered the room, Shun sat by the bed and played the piano. The elephant was secretly surprised and said shyly, "Oh, I miss you so much!" " Shun also pretended as if nothing had happened and said, "You came at the right time. I have a lot of things to do and need your help. " In the future, Shun is still kind to his parents and younger brother as in the past, and He Xiang dare not plot against Shun again.

Yao listened to the story of Shun introduced by everyone, and after investigation, he thought that Shun was really a very good and capable person, so he gave up the position of leader to Shun. This abdication is called "mountain abdication" in history. In fact, during the clan commune, tribal leaders were old, and it was not uncommon to elect new leaders.

After Shun ascended the throne, he was also diligent and thrifty, working like an ordinary person, and was deeply trusted by everyone. A few years later, Yao died, and Shun wanted to give up the position of the leader of the tribal alliance to Yao's son, which was also opposed by everyone. Shun has just officially become a leader.

Shun Di is the originator of moral culture, and Shun culture is moral culture. "Historical Records" said: "The world is famous, starting from Yu Shun".

The soul of Shun Di's cultural spirit can be called "morality first, education second", and Shun culture is China culture in the historical turning point from barbarism to civilization. Yan Di culture with farming culture as its connotation, Huangdi culture with political power culture as its connotation and Shun culture with moral culture as its connotation are isomorphic and constitute three milestones of China culture.

Jiuyi Mountain is the hiding place of Shun culture. "Historical Records" contains: "Shunnan patrol hunting collapsed in the wilderness of Cangwu and was buried in Jiuyi in the south of the Yangtze River". In this magical and beautiful land of Jiuyi Mountain, there are many touching stories of Shun Di serving the people, and there are many bitter, nostalgic and beautiful praises from literati and poets who have been to Jiuyi Mountain. Mao Zedong, a great man, once wrote the magnificent poem "Bai Yunfei on Mount Jiuyi, Di Zi under the wind".

(2)[ Shun Di Mausoleum]

Shundi Mausoleum is located in Shunling Scenic Area, Jiuyi Mountain Scenic Area, ningyuan county, Yongzhou City, Hunan Province. This is the oldest mausoleum in China.

The mausoleum area of Shundi Mausoleum consists of Lingshan (Shunyuanfeng), Shunling Temple, Shinto and Cemetery, covering an area of more than 600 mu. The peak of Lingshan Shunyuan Mountain is small on the top and big on the bottom, showing a bucket shape, with an altitude of more than 600 mu, which is magnificent. There is a mausoleum temple at the northern foot, which sits from south to north, with a large scale, covering an area of 24,644 square meters. It is divided into two courtyards and five buildings. There are solemn mountain gates, noon gates, worship halls, main halls, sleeping halls and wing rooms in the mausoleum temple. There is a 200-meter-long Shinto outside the Mausoleum Temple.

Shunling is one of the five ancient tombs in China and the only Shundi Mausoleum in China. Shun Di's southern tour collapsed in the wilderness of Cangwu and was buried in Jiuyi Mountain. There are 36 memorial tablets in the past dynasties on the side of Lingsi memorial tablet, which is a precious historical relic and historical witness. In the mausoleum area with towering ancient trees, the stone carvings, couplets and murals on the mausoleum temple buildings are vivid and unforgettable. There are nearby Mount Ehuang, Nv Ying, Meida, Jiguan, shun feng (three-point stone), Xiaoshao, Banzhuyan, Shunchi, Shunxi, etc., all of which are related to the legend that Shun Di played Jiu Shao and the second concubine cried Banzhus.

Yu,

Also known as Dayu, Yu Xia and Apollo. It is said that the surname is Yu, the first name. China's ancient books and records such as Shangshu, The Book of Songs, The Book of Rites, The Analects of Confucius and Mencius all recorded the legend of Yu. Shangshu Gong Yu recorded the story of Yu Zhiping's flood, which decided the world of Kyushu. "Historical Records Xia Benji" records that Yu is the great-grandson of the Yellow Emperor, and his father was ordered by Yao to control water. After nine years of flood, he was drowned by Shun. Shun was destined to continue his career, and Yu Naixing worked hard on fertile soil, walking on the surface of mountains and rivers, and finally settled the flood and got the royal clothes of the princes all over the world. After Shun's death, he was made emperor with the title of year. After traveling eastward, he died in Huiji. China's history books have always been based on the above-mentioned ancient records to spread their achievements. Yu was not only the first founding emperor of China, but also a great hero of ancient water conservancy. Drawing lessons from the failure of his father's gun blocking method, he adopted diversion methods such as "diverting rivers from Minshan Mountain" and "diverting Huaihe River from Tongbai" to introduce major rivers in the country into the sea and "treat the four seas as beggars" to save the people hanging upside down. Ancient books record his spirit of disregarding personal interests: "After 13 years away from home, I dare not enter"; Record his virtue of humility and concession: "Emperor Shun collapsed and lost for three years, and all the sons of Yu Ci who avoided Shun were in Yangcheng", as well as his humble and frugal character. So in the history of China, a perfect man with outstanding achievements.

In the 1920s, a modern historian, Gu Jiegang, put forward the view that he was a figure in the southern national myth. He believes that the central point of this myth is the moon, which has been recognized by some scholars. Based on the research results of new detection methods such as geological history, Quaternary research, paleogeography and archaeology, he analyzed the process of the Yue people's prosperity in Ningshao Plain today and the process of the Ningshao Plain becoming a sea area when the late Pleistocene pseudorotifers in the southeast coast retreated in Quaternary. ?

Up to now, there are still many legends about Yu in Vietnam. For example, Yue Jue Shu said: "I was worried about the people and saved the water, went to Shangdue, went to Maoshan, opened a ceremony, and made meritorious deeds, so I changed my name to Maoshan and called Huiji." Another cloud said, "Tushan, Yu's wife's mountain is also five miles to the county." . "Wu Yue Chun Qiu" records that in "climbing mountains, issuing gold letters, and making the case clear with jade letters." It is also recorded in "I ordered the ministers to say that after I became immortal, I would record the burial of the mountain" and so on. Shaoxing today, such as Yuling, Yudong and Yumiao, are precious relics of Dayu. Sima Qian once "visited the meeting in person and explored the cave", and Qin Shihuang, Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty, Qianlong and Chiang Kai-shek of the Republic of China all visited the shrine in person, which shows that these cultural relics have unparalleled lofty status in China. Yu's noble spirit of self-sacrifice and indomitable will have long been highly praised by Shaoxing people and the people of the whole country, which has a great influence.