What historical events happened in our country in 519?

Major events:

(1) Spring, the first month, Jiashen, the minister Zuopu shot Yuan Ang as the minister, the right servant shot the king as Zuopushe, and the prince Zhan Shixu Reluctantly shoot for the right servant.

(1) In spring, on the fourth day of the first month of the first lunar month, the Liang Dynasty appointed Yuan Ang, the minister Zuopushe, as the minister, the king of right servant She was Zuopushe, and the prince Zhan Shixu Mian was the right servant. shoot.

(2) Ding Hai, the Lord of Wei issued an edict, saying, "The Queen Mother is practicing her best before the dynasty, and she is about half a century old. It is appropriate to call her 'Edict' to order the inner world."

(2) On Dinghai (the seventh day of the lunar month), the leader of the Northern Wei Dynasty issued an edict, announcing: "The Queen Mother has been in power for nearly six years, and she should use the name of 'Edict' to issue orders to the whole country."

(3) Xinmao , offering sacrifices to the southern suburbs.

(3) Xin Mao (the eleventh day), Emperor Wu of Liang worshiped heaven in the southern suburbs.

(4) Zhong Yu, the son of Zhang Yi, the general of Wei Zhengxi, came to the throne, asking Quan to cut down his selection, suppress the military men, and prevent Yu Qing from being promoted. So they made noises and slandered Yinglu, set up lists in the main alleys, gathered in Keqi, and massacred their families. The Yi father and son Yan Ran did not take it seriously. In February, Gengwu, there were nearly a thousand people in Yulin and Huben. The commander-in-chief went to Shangshu Province to scold him. He begged Zhongyu's brother Zuo Minlang, but all of them failed to get him. Then he held fire and plundered the wormwood in the road, used staffs and stones as weapons, built his house directly, dragged it down to the Yi hall, beat and humiliated his house, and burned his house. At the beginning, Jun walked out of the river, and then returned to worship the thief and asked for his father's life. The thief beat him and threw him into the fire. Zhong Yu was seriously injured and escaped, but Yi had only one remaining breath, so he stayed again and died. Shocked from far and near. Empress Dowager Hu closed Yulin and killed eight of the fierce and powerful men, while the rest were no longer poor. In Yihai, he was granted amnesty to pacify him, and military attachés were selected based on their qualifications. Those who know know that Wei will be in chaos.

(4) Zhang Zhongyu, the son of Zhang Yi, the general who conquered the West in the Northern Wei Dynasty, wrote a letter requesting that the regulations on official selection be revised to restrict military generals and prevent them from being included in the list of scholar-bureaucrats in the court. Therefore, discussions and protests were everywhere. These people posted a list on the street and agreed on a gathering time to massacre the Zhang family. Zhang Yi and his son were calm and did not take this matter to heart. On February 20th (the 20th), Yu Lin, Huben and nearly a thousand people came to Shangshu Province to scold and look for Zhang Zhongyu's brother Zuo Minlang Zhang Shijun. When he couldn't find Zhang Shijun, they smashed the gate of Shangshu Province with tiles and stones. . The officials in Shangshu Province were all afraid, and no one dared to stop them. So these warriors held torches to ignite the grass on the road, used stones and sticks as weapons, and stormed into the Zhang family's house. They dragged Zhang Yi to the hall, beat and humiliated him to their heart's content, and burned down his house. . Zhang Shijun jumped over the wall and escaped, but he came back to beg for mercy from the soldiers, asking them to spare his father's life. The soldiers took advantage of the situation and beat him and threw him into the fire alive. Zhang Zhongyu was injured and escaped, but Zhang Yi was beaten until he had only a trace of breath left, and died two nights later. People near and far were shocked by the incident. However, Empress Dowager Hu only caught the eight culprits among Yu Lin and Hu Ben who were causing trouble and killed them, and the others were no longer pursued. On the 25th of Yihai (the 25th), another amnesty order was issued to appease them, and the military attachés were ordered to be selected according to their qualifications. People with insight felt that the Northern Wei Dynasty was going to be in turmoil.

At that time, there were only a few officials and there were many candidates to be elected. Li Shaoquan, the Minister of the Ministry of Personnel, was unable to make notes, so he was generally resentful. Cui Liang, the Minister of the Ministry of Personnel, was appointed as the Minister of the Ministry of Personnel. The bright performance is based on a pattern, regardless of whether the scholar is wise or foolish. It is only broken by stopping and interpreting the moon and day. Those who are slow and sluggish are all praised for their ability. Liang's nephew Sikong consulted Liu Jing'an and Liang Shu and said: "The Yin and Zhou Dynasties paid tribute to the rural schools, and the Han Dynasty recommended talents from the prefectures and counties. The Wei and Jin followed suit and set up Zhongzheng. Although it was not perfect, it should be six or seven. And the imperial court Pay tribute to talents, only seek their writings, but not their principles. Examine filial piety and integrity, only discuss chapters and sentences, not as good as governance, establish integrity without examining talents, empty arguments about surnames, not a good way to recruit scholars, Sha Tai's principles are not refined. At Quanheng, it is better to change Zhang Yi Tiao. How can we stop the age and limit it? Who among the world's scholars can restore Li Mingxing?" Liang wrote back and said: "What you said yesterday was profound. There is a reason for this. Ancient times and modern times are different, and the times must be different. In the past, Zichan cast punishment books to save people, and Shu Xiang ridiculed them to correct the law. Why is it difficult for you to use ancient rituals?" Luoyang ordered Xue Gong to write: "Li The fate of the Yuan Dynasty is tied to the chief officials. If Cao is selected based on his years of service, it is not simple or not. The righteousness is like a wild goose. The second is like a fish. Holding the book and calling the names. One official is enough. Several people can be used. What is Quanheng? ! "Shu Zou, don't report it.

Later, because of the invitation, he repeated the memorial "begging for the princes, nobles, and ministers to recommend talents to supplement the counties and counties." After that, Zhen Chen and others succeeded Liang as Minister of the Ministry of Personnel, and they just benefited him and followed suit. Wei's election failed, and this was the beginning of Liang.

At that time, the number of officials was very small, and there were many people to be elected. Li Shao, the Minister of the Ministry of Personnel, stopped the selection and recruitment work and received a lot of complaints. So the imperial court appointed Cui Liang, the Minister of the Ministry of Personnel, as the Minister of the Ministry of Personnel. Cui Liang requested to formulate new recruitment standards. It is stipulated that regardless of whether the candidate is wise or foolish, it is only based on the time he has been waiting for selection. The one who has been waiting for a long time is preferred, so those who have been waiting for a long time praise him for his talent. Cui Liang's nephew Sikong consulted Liu Jingan and wrote to Cui Liang: "In the Shang and Zhou dynasties, officials were selected from rural schools. During the Han Dynasty, prefectures and counties recommended talents. The Wei and Jin dynasties followed the old practices of the Han Dynasty and set up the position of Zhongzheng in various prefectures and counties. Although the task of being in charge is not perfect, six or seven out of ten selected talents should be selected. However, when selecting talents, the imperial court only requires them to have good literary talents and does not examine their physical qualities. The examination of filial piety and integrity is based only on their knowledge of articles and sentences, but not on whether they have the methods to govern the country. The establishment of Zhongzheng official positions only identifies their surnames without examining the talents and conduct of the candidates. The path to selecting scholars is not broad. , the elimination method is not strict. Uncle, you were appointed to be in charge of selecting officials. You should have changed those inappropriate regulations. Why are you instead using seniority as the criterion for appointment? In this way, who are the scholars in the world? I will pay more attention to cultivating my reputation and character!" Cui Liang wrote back: "What you said does have profound truth, but the method I adopted not long ago also has its truth. Ancient and modern times are different, and changes should be made when the time is right. In the past, Zichan cast bronze punishment books. To save the current situation, but Shu Xiang ridiculed him with a method that was not in line with the previous king, what is the difference between this and you using ancient etiquette to criticize changes at any time!" Luoyang ordered Xue Qian, a native of Beijing, to write a letter saying: "The lives of the people are in the hands of the officials. If officials are selected based only on their seniority and not on their ability, and they are selected in order like wild geese lining up to fly, Or if you hold the list and call out names one by one like fish in a thread, then the Ministry of Personnel only needs one official. How can it be called selecting talents if you appoint people in order?" After Xue Han's submission was handed in, , got no reply. Later, Xue Qian asked to see the emperor because of this, and wrote again: "I request your majesty to order the princes and ministers to recommend talents to fill the post of county magistrate." Therefore, Emperor Xiaoming of the Northern Wei Dynasty ordered the ministers to discuss the matter, but nothing happened. . Later, Zhen Chen and others succeeded Cui Liang as the Minister of the Ministry of Personnel. Because this method of seniority was convenient for them, they continued to follow it. The improper selection and appointment of officials in the Northern Wei Dynasty started with Cui Liang.

In the early days, Gaohu, the prefect of Yanyan County, went to the Wei Dynasty. His son Mi was the imperial censor and served as a disciple in Huaishuo Town. He lived in the north for a long time and became accustomed to Xianbei customs. Mi Sun Huan, Shen Shen, an ambitious man, came from a poor family, and was serving in Pingcheng. The daughter of the wealthy Lou family was surprised when she saw him, so she married him. As soon as there were horses, he was sent to the town as a letter envoy. When he arrived in Luoyang, he saw Zhang Yi's death and returned home, offering a large sum of money to meet the guests. When asked about the reason, Huan said: "The prime minister of Su Wei burned the rank of the minister, and the court was afraid of the chaos and did not ask. The government is like this. You can know the things. How can the property be kept evil forever!" For example, Xiu Rong Liu Gui, Zhongshan Jia Xianzhi, Hucao Shi Xianyang Sun Teng, Foreign Soldier Shi Huaishuo Hou Jing, Prisoner Shanwu Wei Jing, Guangning Cai Jun, all were friendly, and they served as heroes in the countryside.

At the beginning, Gao Hu, the prefect of Yan County in the Yan State, fled to the Wei State. His son Gao Mi became a censor. He was exiled to Huaishuo Town for breaking the law. Several generations lived in the northern border. , so the customs and habits of the Xianbei people were developed. Gao Huan, the grandson of Gao Mi, was a deep and ambitious man who came from a poor family and served in Pingcheng. The daughter of the wealthy Lou family saw him and thought he was extraordinary, so she married him. He now had a horse and was able to act as the town's messenger. When he arrived in Luoyang, he saw Zhang Yi was beaten to death. After returning home, he spent all his money to make friends with the guests.

Someone asked him why he did this. Gao Huan said: "The guards in the palace ganged up and burned the ministers' houses, but the court was afraid of their rebellion and did not dare to interfere. When the government reaches this point, you can imagine what will happen. How can we live our lives clinging to these possessions?" Gao Huan, Sima Ziru from Huaishuo Province, Liu Gui from Xiurong, Jia Xianzhi from Zhongshan, Sun Teng from Xianyang, Hucao Shi, Hou Jing from Huaishuo, and Yu Wei Jing, a native of Guangning, and Cai Jun, a native of Guangning, are particularly friendly and close. They all dominate the countryside with their sense of justice and righteousness.

(5) Summer, April, Dingsi, amnesty.

(5) In summer, on Dingsi (eighth day) of April, the Liang Dynasty granted amnesty to the whole country.

(6) In May of 1898, Wei appointed King Cheng of Rencheng as Situ, and King Jingzhao succeeded him as Sikong.

(6) On May 20th, the Northern Wei Dynasty appointed Yuancheng, the king of Rencheng, as Situ, and Yuanji, the king of Jingzhao, as Sikong.

(7) The Wei Dynasty has been strong and prosperous for many generations, and the Eastern Yi and Western Regions have made continuous contributions. They also established mutual trade to create southern goods, so that the treasury was overflowing. Empress Dowager Hu was lucky enough to find the silk, and she ordered the princes, concubines, and more than a hundred people on the way to carry the silk and take it according to their ability. The few who were young would not lose more than a hundred pieces. Shang Shu Ling, Yi Tong, Li Chong and Zhang Wu Wang Rong, were carrying too much silk and fell to the ground. Chong injured his waist and Rong injured his feet. The Queen Mother took the silk and made it empty, which made people laugh. Rong, the son of Tailuo. Cui Guangzhi, one of the servants, took two pieces. The Queen Mother blamed them and said, "I only have two pieces in my hands." Everyone was ashamed.

(7) The Northern Wei Dynasty was very powerful for several generations, and the Eastern Yi and Western Regions continued to pay tribute to it. They also established a market for exchange of goods to obtain goods from the south, so the national treasury was very full. Empress Dowager Hu once visited a warehouse where silk was stored and ordered the more than one hundred princes, concubines, and princesses who accompanied her to take silk according to their own strength. The least they took was no less than a hundred pieces. Li Chong of Shangshu Ling and Yi Tong and Wang Yuanrong of Zhang Wu fell to the ground because the silk they were carrying was too heavy. Li Chong sprained his waist and Yuan Rong sprained his foot. Empress Dowager Hu took away their silk and left them empty-handed. Yes, people at the time regarded this as a joke. Yuan Rong is the son of Yuan Tailuo. Cui Guang, the servant, only took two pieces. Queen Mother Hu thought he took too little, so he replied: "I can only hold two pieces of silk with my two hands." The others were ashamed after hearing this.

At that time, the powerful and fortunate ministers of the Wei clan competed for luxury. King Yong of Gaoyang was the richest and most noble in the country. He had palaces and gardens, and concubines in the forbidden gardens. He had six thousand servants and five hundred maidens. When he went out, he guarded the fort. On the road, when I return, I will sing and play all day and night, and I will make tens of thousands of dollars for one meal. Li Chongfu was frugal and stingy during his reign in the Yong Dynasty, and he once said to others: "One meal in the high sun is enough to defeat us for a thousand days."

At that time, the favored and powerful ministers in the clans of the Northern Wei Dynasty all competed for extravagant luxury. Wang Yuanyong of Gaoyang was the richest man in the country. His palace and garden were as good as those of an emperor. He had six thousand male servants and five hundred geishas. When he went out, the roads were filled with ceremonial guards. When he returned home, he played music and played music all day and night. , a meal is worth tens of thousands of dollars. Li Chong was as rich as Yuan Yong, but he was stingy by nature. He once said to people: "One meal of King Gaoyang is equal to my expenses for a thousand days."

Hejian Wang Chen, every time he wanted Competing with Yong for wealth, there are more than ten horses, all with silver troughs. Above the window, a jade phoenix holds a bell, and a golden dragon spits. When I tasted the banquets of the kings, the wine vessels had water essences, horse head bowls, and red jade bowls, all of which were exquisitely made and were not found in China. He also presented the maiden's music, famous horses and various rare treasures, and introduced all the kings' calendars to inspect the treasury, money, and silk cloth, all of which were incalculable. Gu said to King Zhangwu Rong, "If you don't hate me for not seeing Shi Chong, you hate Shi Chong for not seeing me." Rongsu was arrogant about his wealth, so he returned home and sighed for three days. King Jingzhao then heard about it and thought about it, saying: "Your goods and wealth are not inferior to those of others, why should I be ashamed of you?" Rong said: "At first, I said that the rich man is the only one with high Yang Er, but I don't know that there will be Hejian again!" He said: "You are like Yuan Shu in Huainan. I don't know that there is Liu Bei in the world." Rong Nai laughed.

Yuanchen, the king of Hejian, always wanted to be richer than Yuan Yong. He had more than ten horses, and the mangers were all made of silver. The windows of the houses were all decorated with jade phoenixes holding bells. The golden dragon vomits, it is really magnificent. He once summoned all the princes to hold a banquet and drink together. The wine vessels used included water cups, agate bowls, and red jade cups. They were all exquisitely made and were not produced in the Central Plains.

(9) The lieutenant of the Northern Wei Dynasty was not satisfied with Wang Yuankuang because his suggestions were rejected by Wang Yuancheng of Rencheng many times. He was very angry, so he packed up the coffin he had made when he competed with Gao Zhao in the past, and prepared to fight again. Fight to the death to impeach Yuan Cheng. So Yuan Cheng also reported more than 30 charges against Yuan Kuang, and Tingwei sentenced Yuan Kuang to death. In the autumn, at the end of August (the twelfth day), the imperial court ordered Yuan Kuang to be exempted from the death penalty, deprived him of his official titles, and replaced him with the post of lieutenant, General Hou Gang. Xin Xiong, one of the three princes, submitted his opinions on the punishment of Yuan Kuang, saying: "Yuan Kuang has served three generations of emperors, and his upright deeds are known both inside and outside the court. Therefore, Emperor Xiaowen rewarded him with the name 'Kuang'. Since the late emperor has already You tolerated him before, Your Majesty, you should treat him leniently now. If you finally demote him, then I am afraid that this will silence the loyal ministers." Soon after, Yuan Kuang was appointed governor of Pingzhou. Xin Xiong is the grandson of Xin Chen.

(10) In September, Geng Yinshuo, Queen Mother Hu traveled to Songgao; Guisi returned to the palace.

(10) On the 14th day of September, Geng Yinshuo, Empress Dowager Hu visited Songgao; on the 17th day of September, she returned to the palace.

The Queen Mother calmly said to Yang Yu, a member of Jianzhong Shushe: "In-laws outside the home are not popular. If you have heard of it, be careful not to keep it secret!" Yang Jun made silver food utensils and led Yuanyi's army. The Queen Mother summoned the righteous couple and scolded them with tears. The reason is resentment. Uncle Yu's wife Shu is also the sister of Wang He of Wuchang. He is the ancestor of righteousness. After Shu died, the Yuan family frequently invited him to leave, and Yu's father Chun wept and refused to listen. The Yuan family hated him. Liu Xuanming, a citizen of Huiying Prefecture, rebelled against him and fled. The Yishi He and the Yuan family falsely accused Yu of hiding Xuanming, and said: "Yu's father, Dingzhou, was the governor of Chun, and his uncle, Huazhou, was the governor of Jin. They also sent 300 armored weapons, but the plan failed." Yifu composed it. He sent five hundred soldiers to surround Yu's house at night and collect them, but found nothing. The Empress Dowager asked about his condition, and she found out that Yuan's wife complained about him. The Queen Mother untied Yufu and sentenced He and Yuanshi to death. After Yi rescued him, Hezhi was dismissed from office, but Yuanshi did not sit down.

Empress Dowager Hu once said to Yang Yu, a member of Jianzhong Shushe, during a chat: "If my relatives do something unpopular outside, once you hear about it, don't hide it." Yang Yu It was reported that Li Chong, the governor of Yangzhou, loaded five carts with property, and Yang Jun, the governor of Xiangzhou, made silver tableware as a gift to the leader Yuanyi. Empress Dowager Hu summoned Yuanyi and his wife and scolded them with tears. Yuan Yi resented Yang Yu. Yang Yu's uncle Yang Shu's wife was the sister of Wang Yuanhe of Wuchang. Yuanhe was the great-great-grandfather of Yuanyi. After Yang Shu's death, the Yuan family requested many times to move to another place. Yang Yu's father, Yang Chun, cried and reprimanded him and refused to listen, so the Yuan family hated them very much. Just when Liu Xuanming, a native of Yingzhou, was plotting a rebellion, Liu Xuanming fled after the incident was discovered. Yuan Yi instigated Yuan He and the Yuan family to falsely accuse Yang Yu of hiding Liu Xuanming, and said: "Yang Yu's father, Yang Chun, the governor of Dingzhou, and his uncle, Yang Jin, the governor of Huazhou, once sent 300 weapons to Liu Xuanming. Conspiracy to rebel." Yuan Yi was convicted of this crime and sent 500 imperial guards to surround Yang Yu's house at night, conduct a search, and arrest Yang Yu, but found nothing. Empress Dowager Hu inquired about the matter, and Yang Yu reported the matter of being resented by the Yuan family. Empress Dowager Hu released Yang Yu from his bonds and sentenced Yuan He and Yuanshi to death. Afterwards, Yuanyi rescued them, but Yuanhe was dismissed from his official position to pay for his crimes, and Yuanshi was not punished in the end.

(11) Winter, December, Guichou, Wei Rencheng Wenxuan Wang Cheng died.

(11) In winter, in December Guichou (the eighth day of the lunar month), Wang Yuancheng, the literary propagandist of Rencheng in the Northern Wei Dynasty, passed away.

(12) Geng Shen, Wei Amnesty.

(12) Gengshen (15th), the Northern Wei Dynasty granted amnesty to the whole country.

(13) At the age of 13, King Yun of Goguryeo died, and the crown prince was established.

(13) In this year, King Gao Yun of Goguryeo passed away, and his eldest son Gao An succeeded to the throne.

(14) Wei Yilang did not select well and was eliminated by Dajiasha. Only eight people, including Zhu Yuanxu, Xin Xiong, Yang Shen, Yuan Zigong and Fan Yangzuying, were retained because of their talents, and the rest were dismissed. Shen is the son of Zhi.

(14) Because the Northern Wei Dynasty felt that the selected officials were too rough and not good, they eliminated them. Only eight people, including Zhu Yuanxu, Xin Xiong, Yang Shen, Yuan Zigong and Fan Yangzu Ying, were retained because of their talents. , everyone else was dismissed and sent back. Yangshen is the son of Yangzhi.