On the Characteristics of Lin Yutang's Gossip Prose

In the history of modern literature in China, Lin Yutang first put forward the idea of translating English homonym "humor" in 1930s, so as to promote humor. In his own prose creation practice, it echoes Zhou Zuoren's "North and South" from a distance, forming a far-reaching leisure humorous prose genre.

Lin Yutang: "Humor is a part of life and culture. To a certain extent, a country must have humorous literature. " "If there are humorous people, their culture will become more and more hypocritical, their lives will become more and more fraudulent, their thinking will become more and more pedantic, and their literature will become more and more dry. This should be the heart of more and more stubborn people." ① How to realize a sense of humor? In Lin Yutang's view, there are the following factors:

First of all, humor, life must be rewarded with a calm philosophical attitude, which is a good-natured and closed-minded person. The so-called philosophy of life, frankly reporting the shortcomings of relative life, avoiding absolute pain, and retreating to a limited happy life is more and more related to Li. China people's own Johnson is becoming an adjutant more and more. Humor comes naturally. They are diligent in making profits. They try to define it. It seems that more and more helpers just feel funny. So the Confucian Golden Rooster, um, was nervous about the thickness of the coffin of funeral size, and Johnson gave a more and more closed smile and became worthless. My adjutant has the same trend, but is it humorous? Why? Lin Yutang, though less and less the purpose of philosophy, is cynical, humorous, angry and jealous, lost, and humorous. Johnson, I also laugh, Johnson's smile is a bold smile; I smiled sharply, so I became more and more humorous.

Philosophy of life, good temper, alienated attitude, especially humorous prose. The essay "Yan Zhi's Articles" vividly expresses such an idea, and such a passage expresses a person's personal ideal wish:

I hope there is a study, so you can work with peace of mind. I want to collect Bibi's hats, but I don't have a fashionable long coat and two pairs of old shoes. When you get home, you can't just be idle. I hope to have a heater to water the bathroom in winter and summer.

I don't have a family structure, which leads to the same attitude. I want to work downstairs. I hear the sound upstairs, and my wife is working upstairs with a smile. I heard a noise downstairs and my wife was laughing. I think children who don't lose innocent children can run around in the rain. I am like me, like a basin. I want to have a small garden, which can't be covered by grass. Let the children move bricks, water flowers, grow vegetables and feed some poultry in the farm baby. I want to smell and suck the strange cock crow in the morning. I hope there is some space around it to explore the towering trees. " ......

I want to explore some hospitals with bamboo and plum blossoms. Take care of me. I hope it will be sunny in summer and rainy in winter, and I can see the blue sky.

Want to be your own freedom and dare to be yourself? Your own courage.

No name, no interest, just a warm and comfortable home, delicious food, books suitable for your taste, trees, bamboos and plum blossoms, and a bright moon hanging high. A calm heart, as far as possible, Tao Yuanming's "leisurely seeing Nanshan". This is the leisure from philosophy to life.

It is this philosophical attitude that pursues the highest realm of "indifferent taste" in humorous prose, as he said: "The humor of desire must first have a far-reaching psychological state with ideas? I am sympathetic, so the anger of the article is less, and the reader has a cool taste. Is the article "②" about freedom of speech ironic? It is the freedom of speech allowed by the Kuomintang fascist dictatorship policy. For the official text of Freedom, it is written as follows: "This is an adage, which is called' scoff at his good official from his Eve, but cursing is slightly different from freedom of speech and won't hurt you. Even though you scoff and scream in pain,' good official' will make moves. "Then, for example, Commander Zhang's headache is still music. He opened a sub-prison area and let 12 prisoners shoot at will to cure his headache. The author commented on the matter in a relaxed and joking way: "This is a happy thing." The resentment in my heart miraculously turned into a gentle trend, which caused a strong * * * sound to readers and made them too rash.

Humor is a calm and distant bystander who often laughs with tears, tears and smiles. Lin Yutang thinks that satire and humor are very close, but satire is often very lively, and every question often turns into humor. Its sour taste makes it possible to talk about emotions, humor and abuse. Shantou laughed at his unreasonable satire and whether he reflected on his own ability. Humor is independent and far-reaching. Laughter and humor are wise, based on the infiltration of truth. Shantou's smile is selfish, humorous and sympathetic, humorous and sarcastic, abusive, Shantou's smiling and humorous identity is a calm and distant bystander, different from the key, it provides a smile, but also gives tears.

There are two kinds of humorous prose: laughing at tears and laughing at tears.

On the one hand, a joking and cheerful tone expresses his anger and priorities in real life, "to kill a painful leisure." For example, "sticky refers to the country", the purpose is to expose the bloody scandal plundered by Kuomintang bureaucrats, without sharp exposure and accusation. First of all, he made a serious joke and slowly introduced an absurd fact with seemingly credible evidence. Mo Jun, a professor of biology at Perth University, found that the cerebral mesangium was directly connected with the brain of eyeliner after China's slightly acidic viscous liquid chromatography and a slap secreted by the secretory duct. Eyes shining with gold, silver and bronze, plus more secretions, caused a natural reaction, especially when the money came to hand. Viscosity of PTFE liquid when released. The money hand has to go through the mud hand and the $ 10 part of his hand, and the mud is not anyway. The conclusion of the shortage part is: "If non-China people are not involved." Once again, starting from the absurd fact that you are humorous, play up the situation and atmosphere to create a return to reality: the recent proliferation of pregnant members and Chiang Kai-shek's lens: the donation of 7 million in Northeast China has not been settled. Here, tears of laughter. However, the author takes you into his absurd dream.

Therefore, we can't realize the dream of suicide group plan. China people committed suicide in the East China Sea of China in a very primitive way, and avoided the continuous pain of national subjugation with similar investment quality, but this suicide group undoubtedly named several members. Handle group travel tickets and police projects. Members who committed suicide, however, yes, China people must have taken a big deduction, personal fat, things to share soup, and trips of suicide members. They neither landed nor committed suicide. Alas, God's belly!

& gt

The humorous ending of the absurd dream makes the reader laugh. Where are his eyes? The smell of tears. "Political illness" and "talking about freedom of speech" both represent such outstanding anger in reality.

On the other hand, some people say that "irony" should be a satire and criticism of some ugly social phenomena, but the author describes or describes some very interesting things in a commendable tone, but describes all such occasions in a very serious tone, using the prose language of "irony". Is the Shanghai song "From Harmony Paradigm" ironic? "Collier said," great mystery, great city! I praise your good songs, tired meat, rotten meat, dance floor, your mystery! Praise the great city, great city. "Praise", "greatness" and "mystery" are all satire, and the reader arouses contemptuous laughter, which seems to be a serious description and draws a negative conclusion.

The third element of humor is "nature". Lin Yutang believes that life is always full of humor, as if life is always full of pain, sexual desire and imagination, and humor is a part of life, so humor is objective and natural. Another feature of this humorous essay is nature. His sense of humor often makes you laugh with sarcasm or jokes, but it doesn't capture life uniformly. Things have a sense of humor, and after artistic reproduction, they are integrated into the author's attitude and emotion, so the original humor is condensed. How to make a toothbrush I bought is a devout intellectual, and his advertising technology was cheated after detailed discussion. According to the author, his childhood was very happy and comfortable, and he lost his pure happiness without using a toothbrush. Until you met the doctor, who told him that the world's problem was 49 dirty teeth. From then on, he never knew a safe and happy day. He began to study the most suitable, scientific and scientific. Civilization, the healthiest toothbrush. Through advertising, he began to find that it is the most reasonable and scientific to keep his hair bent inward and brush it 30 degrees inward to prevent brand toothbrushes. By chance, he saw another kind of toothbrush with a rough surface protruding outward instead of being concave into an arc. He thought of telling his doctor Wei Situo the opposite explanation in the past two years. After years of experience, he came to the conclusion that his toothbrush can only bend the teeth with the same inner arc outward and then buy it back to brush along the edge. Not only the teeth, but also the outer eyes were brushed the same, and then he suddenly realized. He grew up with a flat straight handle toothbrush, healthy and happy. "It is most appropriate to study the most scientific husband and the most hygienic toothbrush in the Ming Dynasty. What are the stubble that exists today? Make a profit before today and return empty-handed. The reader smiled. However, you can't find anything that seems to make you laugh. You just feel that you lied to you and the author in the narrative, as if you were a little smarter, so you smiled knowingly.

The humorous elements of "natural" prose are also expressed through language. Lin Yutang believes that the best prose, "the language of credible prose has a natural rhythm, such as talking about Yao Ming and Hao La in the fireplace on the eve of a storm, which is deeply moving, harmonious and easy to understand. For example, monk Tan Chen and celebrities, as always, have never had any signs of bad ideas, which seems to be rambling, allowing them to delete unreadable texts, such as hearing and listening to their language embodied in others". (3) Reading Lin Yutang's prose, you feel as if the author is talking and joking with you at will, which is natural, relaxed and pleasant. This comes from the aesthetics of his natural, simple, vivid and humorous prose language.

Mr. Lu Xun once said: "Humor is neither a native of China nor a person who is good at humor." ④ There is little research on history, China literature and humor, even in the humor of classical comedies, there is little humor. Humor, as an aesthetic category, is closely related to its subjective spirit, individual life attitude and self-awareness, and the formation of social and cultural atmosphere must have a considerable degree of spiritual freedom and freedom of speech. China's closed geographical environment, production and the legal system of the ancestors of the core clan in China, as a social and political structure with Confucianism as the core, severely imprisoned and suppressed people's thoughts and actions. Therefore, in China's feudal society and ideological and political economic system, there is no sense of humor. However, in the 1920s and 1930s, "humor" was a strong prose. As Yu Dafu said, "China countries have never understood humor, but recently Mr. Lin Yunu advocated that the concept of humor should be introduced into the minds of ordinary people, which of course has to be said to be a great progress." (5) The development of modern humorous prose is systematically introduced by Yu Dafu in China New Literature Prose II. First of all, under intense political pressure, China is really a bit. The whole music is that he can't find a way out. We can only be humorous. You shouldn't say anything positive in political situations. We can only say that you cover your mouth. Can you sigh and end that natural rude and comfortable Long song? China's national life is boring in history; Under the influence of English literature. Lin Yutang's humorous prose, either expressing pain and leisure, or laughing with tears, takes pleasure in suffering, and ci is a concrete expression of opposing long songs and crying. Lin Yutang is a bourgeois, a radical "new heaven" during the May 4th Movement, and now it is a counter-revolutionary coup. 12 In April, his dream was shattered by the painful failed revolution, depression and depression. At this point, he has always lacked the white terror of fighting bravely, but he also seems unable to forget the reality and yearn for this contradiction in his prose. On the one hand, he believes that "there is only one head, that is, indiscriminate spending, which is weak and lawless." Although it doesn't matter much, there is no need to bring about a bad end. ⑥ On the other hand, he added: "It should be said that Liu Hua is an educated woman in a paragraph, but if Liu Hua is suppressed to sit down and talk, she is just sitting on a tombstone, not a person who waits for death in silence." ⑦ This contradictory psychological state made him enter the "humorous" Long song when crying. As Mr. Lu Xun said: "It is very dangerous to satirize the society and compare with others, especially some' writers' have secretly become' Wang's minions'. "Who would have thought of becoming the protagonist of the literary inquisition? However, if you must not die, there will always be half a mouth sulking and you will spit it out under the guise of laughing. " Today, Lin Yutang's humorous prose belongs to this category.

The introduction of English humorous prose should be said to be a commendable attempt, which can change the square psychological structure of our country. It can add a relaxed atmosphere to the work of our country and solve the literary rigidity of our country. However, the use of humor should be timely, appropriate and inappropriate. In the 1920s and 1930s, humor was not a good medicine to solve heavy social contradictions, but it was easy to confuse right and wrong. Lin Yutang stood as a bystander. Even though he looked at life from the clouds, he regarded everything as absurd and compassionate. They often dilute the boundaries between right and wrong, good and evil, beauty and ugliness, a detached smile. As Lu Xun said: "From complaining or whispering, roughness and wear gradually become smooth." Pet-name ruby is a cruel butcher of mind and soul, so everyone laughed. In an era when literature must struggle and counter-criticize, humorous prose has had a negative social impact.

note:

(1) (2) six "seclusion is the best.

(3) Six Stories of Floating Life "The Legacy of Essays"

(4) ⑧ Lu Xun's Pseudo-Free Book: From Satire to Quiet Reason.

⑤ Yu Afu's Introduction to China's New Literature Prose II

⑥ Foreword of Lin Yutang's Scissors and Paintings

⑦ Misunderstanding of Lin Yutang's "Dimfragrance".

9 Lu Xun's "North-South Mobilization and Essay Crisis"

Attending Lu Xun's "South and North" mobilized the "Year" of The Analects of Confucius.

BR/>； Journal of Qiandongnan Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition) Nationalities 1994 3

Humor and elegance in Lin Yutang's prose