Sketch and close-up are similar, different, different and related.

Essays and close-ups are news genres that vividly reflect objective things, but they are quite different. There are differences in theme selection, expression techniques and language use.

Sketch, originally the name of painting, refers to the painter sketching the scenery in a short time with a pencil, charcoal pen or bamboo pen, sketching the image and dynamics of the object with thick lines, and reflecting the general outline and main characteristics of things. Its purpose is to roughly record life and prepare materials for creation; At the same time, it can also cultivate the ability to observe objects keenly and briefly express their characteristics. News sketch is the concrete application of sketch technique in news report.

Please look at a typical character sketch in the history of newspapers and periodicals:

Peng Sketch (Ding Ling)

"As soon as we get to the battlefield, there is only one kind of confidence. Dozens of people's spirits are concentrated on him alone, and no one dares to touch him. He is just in the line of fire, not knowing that he is afraid because of his existence. As long as he ordered' to die'! We can't find an unhappy person who bravely rushes to the invisible death! We are afraid of him, but we love him more! "

This is what a 24-year-old young political commissar told me. When he said this, his red face could not hide his excitement. Who is he talking about? This is Comrade Peng. Now I want to draw a few sketches. He is now the deputy commander-in-chief of the former enemy.

Wearing the most ordinary Red Army clothes, but on the surface of the gray cloth, there is a thin layer of butter ash and black oil floating, which looks old and inappropriate, but he never seems to feel it. You can't see your face clearly, because there are often many small cracks destroyed by the cold wind, but there are two lively black eyes spinning around the beautiful face, and you can see the naive and childish play on your face that adults can't find. There is also a big mouth, which fully shows tenacity and belongs to the tenacious performance of the revolutionary proletariat. Every time I meet some young cadres or junior comrades, I can see those high-spirited inner tenderness in his most natural and sincere handshake. He sometimes jokes with these people and tells some rude and harmless jokes, but more often, he patiently explains many political issues to them and earnestly encourages his comrades. These listeners looked at him, and their hearts calmed down in those words, but at the same time they rose even more! But when he didn't speak and meditated on something, it was quiet around him, and no one was afraid to disturb him. Sometimes he is really scary because he is very strict with his work. Although his life is ordinary, these severely criticized comrades will love him even more.

Hold some ordinary people's backs, rub them and listen to them talk about things at home. Shake your thumb at those simple faces and say, "It's nice to quack your hometown ..." People with long hair around their necks will pat him or send cigarette sticks to his mouth. Even though he always smiles and refuses. Later, he left, but his impression remained in that pure mind forever.

(1936 65438+ February)

This sketch was published in Xinhua Daily on February 3rd, 937/kloc-0. When the article shows Peng, it obviously doesn't show the details of his life. Instead, it is briefly described in a rough way, with short length and concise sentences, but the characters are vividly outlined. As the author said, it is "a few thick lines", but it is lively and interesting. Such as dress, face, mouth. Especially the eyes: "The face can't be seen clearly, because there are often many small cracks destroyed by the cold wind, but with two lively eyes rolling on the face, you can see the innocence that adults can't find on their faces." This description left a deep impression on people. At the beginning of the article, Peng described his personality charm vividly and thought-provoking.

This is called sketching. As can be seen from this article, the characteristics of news sketches are fast, short, rough, clear, less wins more, concise, vivid and powerful. It is a small boutique with strict material selection and simple brushwork. It only reflects a glimpse in real life, without detailed description. It has the simplicity of news without losing its boredom, and the image of communication without losing its extravagance. Journalists are required to grasp touching moments, unforgettable moments or characteristic moments in a timely and sensitive manner in rich, complex and rapidly changing real life, take shorthand into articles and write urgent chapters. The content is short and pithy, close to daily life and picturesque, which makes readers feel reasonable, approachable and readable.

The content of news sketches is extremely extensive, and the subject matter is everywhere. All the people, events, scenes, tidbits, etc. You can sketch. Various social trends, such as market conditions, conferences, sports competitions, cultural performances, etc. , you can quickly and roughly record and reflect. It does not require depth and thickness, but it can clearly and accurately summarize the main characteristics of things.

It is very important to record life quickly under the circumstances of many changes and fast pace in modern life. Journalists should be quick-witted and quick-witted, and write more urgent chapters in life in the fast-paced changes of objective things. As Mr. Lu Xun said, it is good to build a magnificent building, but why do we refuse to do this project? Foreign writer Brock also said that every living pond has the breath of the ocean; In every stone, there is a shadow of desert.

In the case of literature and art, news should reflect the forefront of life in time and write the "urgent chapter" of the times.

If the news sketch is the compression of the fact process or the sketch of the fact segment, then the close-up is the amplification of the fact segment and the cut surface of the fact process.

Close-ups are characterized by enlarged reproduction, which is equivalent to close-ups in movies and television. Therefore, special report is a news genre that focuses on factual description. It magnifies the most valuable and vivid fragments and parts of news events and gives readers a vivid impression.

In the selection of materials, Close-up Story takes a cross-sectional view of life and gives a concentrated and prominent description of one or two fragments and sides in the development of events. Therefore, there are three "essentials" for close-up materials: there must be a focus, and there will be no close-up without a focus; There must be details. Without details, there will be no close-ups. There is no close-up if there is a scene, and there is no close-up if there is no scene. Only by mastering these three "essentials" can the "special" flavor of the close-up come out. At present, the "features" of some newspapers lack special flavor, mainly because they describe the process in general, lack "lens" and fail to grasp and apply the above three "points" fundamentally.

For example, if you write about a mayor, you don't write about his busy schedule, but how he went to the bookstore on Sunday to find books about finance, politics and law, high technology and modern management. This is a close-up. Write about a diver, not how many years she has practiced hard kung fu, how to treat her parents, coaches, friends, etc. Instead, she 1 s jumped straight down from the high platform, setting off the environment, atmosphere, skills and influence. This is a touching and attractive article.

Understand the writing essentials of close-ups, and the angle and structure can be better solved when writing. It is best to write from the perspective of close-up, from the characteristic details and scenes, and write less about the ins and outs of things. Try to create a surprise from scratch. You can also start with a simple summary and then quickly enter the core content of the report. The climax of the feature is usually placed in the last part, which arouses people's interest in reading the whole article and satisfies their reading desire.

Because the main form of news sketch is line drawing, the language is mostly simple and simple; Because feature films emphasize showing life pictures, some key plots need to be unfolded, or even fully unfolded. Therefore, in literary language, it will be a little extravagant, with a strong literary color, so it is more vivid, vivid and concrete. The so-called lifelike, lifelike, there must be a little nuanced description, there must be a little rendering contrast. Writing should not be dull, but smart, jumping and particularly lively.

In real life, being good at observing, grasping the characteristics of things, grasping vivid images, grasping the climax of the plot, and showing readers the picture of life with vivid writing are the essentials of interview writing of Close-up.

The special story we are talking about has the characteristics of news, which is true, short, typical and vivid. In many western countries, they call many communication reports special articles, special articles and sometimes special articles. The concept of "feature article" is very different from the concept of feature story mentioned above, and it is often just a feature article (communication) written mainly. We should respect the traditions and norms of our own journalistic practice, and should not mechanically copy or copy them with foreign theories and practices.