Introduction of Kunming Lake in Summer Palace

The Summer Palace is the largest and most magnificent classical garden in China. It is mainly composed of Kunming Lake and Wanshou Mountain. The Summer Palace is located at the northwest of Beijing 10 km, and Kunming Lake is located at the south foot of Wanshou Mountain. Wanshou Mountain is the remnant vein of Xishan Mountain in Beijing, extending eastward, with a relative height of more than 60 meters, forming a trend around the lake. On the west side of the lake, the peak of Xishan stands tall. The southeast of the lake is adjacent to the Beijing Plain, and the lake is just right.

Kunming Lake is a semi-natural and semi-artificial lake. It turned out to be a swamp lowland where the spring water gathered in front of the arch fan at the foot of the Western Mountain. In A.D. 1 153, after Yanjing, the capital of Jinding (later renamed Zhongdu), Yan Yanliang, the gold master, took a fancy to this scenic spot and built the Jinshan Palace here. In Jin Zhangzong, he drew spring water from Yuquan Mountain in the west and injected it into the foot of Jinshan Mountain. Known as Jinshui River, this is the predecessor of Kunming Lake today. In the Yuan Dynasty, in order to increase the water volume of Jinshui River to meet the needs of water transportation in Kyoto, Guo Shoujing, a hydraulic scientist, guided the springs of Baifu Village and Yuquan Mountain in Changping County to park. At that time, Jinshan was renamed Wengshan Lake, and the water surface expanded. By the Ming Dynasty, the spring canal (Baifu weir) in Baifu Village had been in disrepair for a long time, and the water source was exhausted. The area of Wengshan Lake is reduced. During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, Wengshan Lake deepened and expanded, becoming a huge immersion with an area twice that of the Ming Dynasty. This name was originally called Kunming Lake. This name was adopted by Emperor Qianlong, as an allusion to Emperor Wudi's practice of navy in Kunming Pool in Chang 'an. This name has been used to this day.

At that time, the lake mainly developed eastward and westward, and part of the land on the original lake shore was buried in the lake in a planned way, becoming the west dike and three islands in the lake. The excavated soil was moved and piled on Wanshou Mountain, which greatly increased the low hills of the original school. On the lakeside and Wanshou Mountain in Kunming, many government buildings have been built in the past dynasties, and the scale of the buildings is larger than that of the previous generation. A magnificent Qingyi Garden was built. Qingyi Garden in Wanshou Mountain, Jingming Garden in Yuquan Mountain, Jingyi Garden in Xiangshan Mountain, Changchun Garden and Yuanmingyuan Garden were all large-scale gardens built at that time, collectively known as "three mountains and five gardens". Di Qing Garden was finally completed in 1764, and consumed more than 4.8 million silver in 2008+0860. Qingyi Garden was burned down. 1888, Empress Dowager Cixi rebuilt this garden with naval funds and renamed it the Summer Palace. After several changes, the ancient garden was depressed before liberation. After liberation, the garden was renovated and Kunming Lake was dredged to make it look brand-new.

Kunming Lake is surrounded by mountains and faces, which is wide in the north and narrow in the south, and looks like a human heart. The circumference of the lake is about 15km, with an area of 2.2km2 Before the Miyun Reservoir in the suburbs of Beijing was built, Kunming Lake was the largest access lake in Beijing. The water surface is vast and clear, with an average depth of 1.5m and the deepest point of about 3m. To the west of Xidi, it is called West Lake in the north and Tishui Lake in the south.

There are six stone bridges along the embankment with beautiful shapes and different shapes. One of them is a jade belt bridge carved with white marble. The arch of the bridge is towering and looks like a jade belt from a distance. There are three islands in the Lake District, symbolizing Penglai Island. Among them, Nanhu Island has the most beautiful scenery, covering an area of 16 mu. There are ancient buildings on the island, such as Han Xu Hall and Yulong Temple. It is said that the shape of Han Xu Hall is very similar to the Yellow Crane Tower in Wuchang.

The famous 17 span bridge in Kunming Lake spans between Nanhu Island and the east coast. The bridge is150m long, just like a rainbow on the sparkling blue waves. It is an imitation of the famous Lugou Bridge. Every stone pier on the bridge is carved with lions of different shapes, which are exquisite, majestic and beautiful.

On the east bank of the 17-hole bridge stands the largest octagonal pavilion in China. A beautifully cast bronze cow about the size of a real cow is squatting beside it, with its head held high and its ears pricked up. If you hear it, it looks beautiful and vivid. It was originally designed to save the water source of the gods, but now it is a precious cultural relic.

From Tongniu to the north, there is Zhichun Pavilion on the east bank of the lake. Every year after the lake ice melts, spring comes here first, and the pavilions are pink and green, and they are the first to report the news of knowing spring, hence the name. Looking north from Zhichun Pavilion, the scenery of Wanshou Mountain is the most vivid.

The famous colorful promenade along the banks of Hubei and Wanshou Mountain is the longest and most artistic promenade in China's northern and southern gardens. It starts from Yueyue Gate of Leshou Hall in the east, passes through Paiyunmen, and reaches Zhangshiting at the western end of Wanshou Mountain, with a total length of 728 meters. There are four octagonal double-eaved pavilions in the middle, which are "treat well", "send orchids", "autumn water" and "Qing Yao". Each imitation beam in the promenade has one. More than 800 pictures are full of lottery, which is amazing. The promenade twists and turns, wearing flowers and blowing willows, connecting halls and pavilions, like a ribbon. Walking in the promenade to see the lake, the scenery is changeable.

In the north lake of the west dike of Kunming Lake, there are Tuancheng Island, Nanhu Lake and Algae Hall. The original buildings on the island were completely burned at 1860. The Changguan Hall in the northwest of the Algae Hall is relatively high, overlooking the whole garden of the Summer Palace in the east. Kunming Lake gradually converges from north to south, and the east embankment and the west embankment meet at the southern end of Yixiu Bridge. Kunming Lake flows from under this bridge into the long river leading to Beijing.

In the northwest of Kunming Lake, on the bank of the west foot of Wanshou Mountain, there is a stone pier made of white stone, called Qingyan Boat. The hull is carved from huge stones, the cabin has two floors, and the windows are inlaid with colored glass, which is very beautiful.

From the Qingyan boat to the north, it crosses Jiangqiao, Wanzi River and Banbi Bridge and breaks into Houshan Houhu. Houshan Houhu, commonly known as Suzhou River, has unique scenery in the south of the Yangtze River. Here, the clear water is flowing backwards, and Gu Song is towering into the sky, which is very interesting. Most of the buildings in Houshan were deserted after 1860 and 1900 were invaded and destroyed twice.

From the "Yunhui Yuyu" archway on the lakeside of Kunming to the north, it passes through Paiyun Gate, Ergongmen and Paiyun Hall, leads to Dehui Hall and Foxiang Pavilion at the waist of Wanshou Mountain, and reaches the wisdom sea at the top of the mountain, forming a central axis that rises layer by layer. The building on the central axis of this piedmont is magnificent. On Wanshou Mountain, Jingfu Pavilion is full of colorful peaks, and the meaning is still unfinished. The green pavilions and terraces are shaded from the sun. It's all very interesting. When you board these pavilions, you can overlook the scenery of Kunming Lake. The Zongyin Pavilion in Xiang Yan and its surrounding towers on the central axis of Houshan used to be a magnificent Tibetan temple. In front of it, there is a three-hole long bridge across the back lake, and to the north of the bridge is the North Palace Gate of the Summer Palace. The banks of Houhu Lake on both sides of the bridge are the ruins of the commercial street of that year. This street, also known as Suzhou Street, has been renovated and restored.

At the eastern end of Houhu Lake in Kunming, there is a Diaoyuan Zhai and a humorous garden. Diaoyuanzhai has a higher terrain and faces the street outside the wall. It is said that Cixi watches people go to Miao Feng for a meeting every year on the eighth day of the fourth lunar month, so it is also called "Kanhui Building". The humorous garden in the garden was built in imitation of Jichang Garden at the foot of Huishan Mountain in Wuxi during the Qianlong period, formerly known as Huishan Garden. There is a pool of clear water and beautiful lotus leaves in the garden.

Kunming Lake and Wanshou Mountain are combined to form a colorful Summer Palace. There are many exquisite buildings such as temples, halls, buildings, pavilions, corridors, pavilions and bridges. In these laser mountains, from the design of pavilions to the arrangement of flowers and trees, from the winding paths between mountains to various bridges and flowing water, from the application of topography to the construction of rockeries, the layout is proper and seamless. The weeping willows on the west bank of Kunming Lake are just one. Therefore, the western boundary of the garden was cancelled. If we take the Buddha Pavilion in Wanshou Mountain as the close shot, Xidi and Yuquan Mountain as the middle shot, and the Xishan peaks as the distant view. It seems that there are mountains outside the mountains, there are scenery outside the scenery, and the water is vast and clear, blending into a magnificent scenery. If you climb to the top of Wanshou Mountain and overlook Kunming Lake, you will have a wide field of vision, the western hills in the distance are elegant, and the high-rise buildings in the east are empty, just like being in a picture scroll.

Kunming Lake was originally a natural lake where many springs gathered in the northwest suburb of Beijing. It was once named Qililong and Dabao Lake. Later, Wanshou Mountain was originally named Wengshan, also known as Wengshanbo. After the Yuan Dynasty made Beijing its capital, in order to promote water transportation, Guo Shoujing, a hydraulic scientist, presided over the development of upstream water sources, which led to the Shenshan Spring in Changping and the flowing water along the way pouring into the lake and becoming the reservoir for water transportation in Dadu City. In the Ming Dynasty, there were many lotus flowers planted in the lake, rice planted in the paddy fields around it, and temples and pavilions near the lake, which looked like the scenery in the south of the Yangtze River, and thus had the reputation of "West Lake" and "West Lake Scenic Spot". Both Ming Wuzong and Ming Shenzong used to go boating and fishing here for fun. When Qingganlong built Qingyi Garden, it opened up the lake to the present scale, and named Kunming Lake after the story that Emperor Wu dug Kunming Pool in Chang 'an and practiced martial arts on the lake every summer.

The main scenery on Kunming Lake includes Xidi and Xidi Six Bridges, Dongdi, Nanhu Island and Seventeen-hole Bridge. Bypassing the stream at the foot of Wanshou Mountain is called Houhu.

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