Simple sentence (1) is an intransitive verb sentence pattern.

Simple sentences usually have only one finite verb, namely subject and predicate. According to the components followed by verbs, five basic forms, namely five sentence patterns, are distinguished.

If there is no object after the verb, it can be divided into two types:

Sentence pattern 1: subject+verb

Sentence pattern 2: subject+verb+complement

The verbs in these two sentence patterns are called intransitive verbs.

If there is an object after a verb, three situations can be distinguished:

Sentence pattern 3: subject+verb+object

Sentence pattern 4: subject+verb+indirect object+direct object

Sentence 5: Subject+Verb+Object+Complement

The verbs in these three sentences are called transitive verbs.

By the way, compared with the basic order table of the previous sentences, there are more complements and no adverbials, because the above order is actually the basic order of the five sentence patterns, and the components listed in these five sentence patterns are all necessary. The above table is the basic order of sentence pattern 3, because sentence pattern 3 is the most common and adverbial is not a necessary component of a sentence. It just makes the information more complete and removes the adverbial. Grammatically, sentences are still sentences.

Common intransitive verbs: (subject underlined, intransitive verbs italicized)

Pain: I have a headache.

Appear/disappear: He suddenly appeared.

The train arrived early.

Come/go: I will come/go.

In addition, there are cough (cough), fainting (syncope), falling, hesitation (hesitation), lying (lying), occurrence (occurrence), pause (pause), rain, keeping (keeping), sleeping (sleeping) and sneezing (lying).

So are all these intransitive verbs so short? Of course not. Besides subject modifiers and adverbials, some intransitive verbs are often followed by auxiliary words or adverbial (preposition) phrases.

-Verb+(adverb) particle. He came in. ? He sat down.

In, down and up are both prepositions and adverbs. They are prepositions when they are followed by an object, and adverbs when they are not followed by an object.

-Verb+adverb (preposition) phrase. He walked into the room.

There are also many phrases that are composed of the words origin, going and falling, which is also a key point of learning.

Take come as an example:

How did this problem come about? What happened? How did the problem happen?

I will? Want to come along? We'll talk about it later. I'll come later.

Is there a joke? Come down. This joke is not funny.

what's up Coming up? At home. Something suddenly happened at home.

Big words like this are worth looking up in the dictionary. An important trick to express common meanings in 3000 words is to master the collocation of such words.

Common words that can be used as transitive verbs or intransitive verbs:

Break: The plate (dropped to the floor) breaks. This is actually a complex sentence, but put brackets? If you remove the content inside, it is a simple sentence, and the content inside the brackets is also a simple sentence, which is what it says above? The structure of S+V+ adverb (preposition) phrase.

Close the door: the bank? Close? Five o'clock.

Understand:? I'm completely? Got it.

Other common ones are answering, asking, starting, borrowing, choosing, climbing, dancing, falling, eating, entering, failing, making up, flying, being long, helping, being anxious, hurting, jumping, knowing, leaving, getting married, meeting, moving, following, opening, pulling, reading, circling, watching, selling and shaking.

The object of some verbs does not exist in form, but in meaning:

He eats a lot.

Be verbs and be verbs

Be verbs are actually verbs that can be listed separately, describing "what" or "how". Be-like verbs refer to seem (what seems to be/what seems to be), Apparel (what seems to be/what seems to be), become (what becomes/what becomes), look (what seems to be/what seems to be) and sound (.

Supplementary type

Complement can be the following components (complement is shown in blue):

Adjective: Frank? Is it? Smart. /road? See? Very cold.

Noun: Frank? Is it? An architect. /him? Has become. A father.

Pronoun: it? Is it? Mine.

Adverb of time/place: meeting? Is it? Here it is/at half past two.

Preposition phrase: Frank? Is it? Like his father.