What is the outer Mongolia in the hearts of Inner Mongolians?

According to what my classmates in Inner Mongolia heard, the history of Ye Jing reminds me of a joke. An international student in Beijing said, "We foreigners in Beijing simply look down on foreigners in Shanghai"!

Although the blood of Genghis Khan is flowing in Inner Mongolia and the ancient capital of Mongolia, they are no longer strangers due to historical reasons.

So, what do the Inner Mongolians in China think of the outer Mongolians?

Strange and disdainful, of course!

Why is this happening? Shi Jing believes that there are profound historical reasons:

1. Intermittent in Mongolia

As a nomadic people, Mongolia has long been unknown. Since 12 century, with the decline of Khitan, Mongolian ministries have gradually developed and become the masters of Mongolian plateau.

During the Jin Dynasty, Mongolia was a vassal state of the Jin State. Since the Yong period, the State of Jin went to Mongolia for a "demotion" massacre every three years, and the contradiction between Mongolian ministries and the State of Jin became increasingly fierce.

106, Genghis Khan established the Mongolian Khanate and unified the Mongolian Plateau. As a political power, Mongolia officially stepped onto the historical stage. Immediately, after the unification of Mongolia, a powerful force broke out, sweeping across Asia and Europe and establishing an unprecedented huge empire.

However, due to the backwardness of Mongolian ruling means and the congenital disadvantage of the youngest son, the Mongolian khanate finally began to split in 1259. 127 1 When the Yuan Dynasty was established, the four khanates attacked each other and became strangers.

From the historical development, Mongolians and even nomadic people are born with split genes because of their primitive and backward organizational forms, so the greatness of Genghis Khan is self-evident!

After the establishment of the Ming Dynasty in 368, the Yuan Dynasty retreated to the north of the Great Wall and confronted the Ming Dynasty in the form of Beiyuan. In 388, the Ming Dynasty general Aquamarine defeated the Yuan Army in Pu 'er Fishing Sea in Lu Mei. With the demise of the Northern Yuan Dynasty, Mongolia has returned to the primitive tribal states such as Tatar and Wala!

Later, Tatar and Vara changed and fought a border war with the Ming Dynasty for more than 200 years!

After the decline of Vala, the tribe moved westward to the western regions, and the Tatar tribe split into two parts: Monan Mongolia and Mobei Mongolia at the end of Ming Dynasty.

Because Monan Mongolia is located on the edge of the Great Wall, close to the Central Plains, and the climate is relatively suitable, Monan Mongolia has a large population and developed economy, among which Chahar is the direct descendant of the golden family, that is, Genghis Khan!

However, due to its proximity to the Central Plains, Monan Mongolia first suffered the impact of the late Jin Dynasty in the process of expansion. 1635, Later Jin conquered Monan Mongolia and implemented the flag system. Since then, Monan Mongolia has become a staunch ally of Houjin.

1644, the Qing army entered the customs and began to establish rule throughout the country. At this time, Mobei Mongolia, also known as Khalkha Mongolia, was a vassal state of the Qing Dynasty, but it was not directly ruled by the Qing Dynasty. It was not until 169 1 Emperor Kangxi convened the "Duolun League" that he announced his attachment to Mobei Mongolia.

Because Mobei Mongolia belongs to the late Qing Dynasty and its geographical position is more remote than that of Monan Mongolia, the relationship between Mobei Mongolia and Qing Dynasty is farther than that of Monan Mongolia.

Due to the close relationship between Monan Mongolia and the Qing Dynasty, and closer to the Han area, Monan Mongolia has become more Chinese in the historical development process. In contrast, Mobei Mongolia, located in the Mongolian plateau, can only develop animal husbandry, so it is more like a "real Mongolian"!

But Monan Mongolia will always be the successor of orthodox Mongolia!

It should be said that from the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, Monan Mongolia and Mobei Mongolia parted ways.

2. The parting ways of Mongolia at home and abroad

However, the historical development since modern times has completely torn Mongolia into two ethnic groups.

19 1 1 year, when the Revolution of 1911 broke out, Russia took the opportunity to incite the living Buddha of Kulun VIII, Zhebu Zundanba, to proclaim the independence of Mobei Mongolia, which caused an uproar in the whole country.

The independence of Mobei Mongolia is the beginning of Mongolia's independent founding. Although Xu Shuzheng regained Mobei Mongolia in 19 19, Mongolia's independence was inevitable.

192 1 year, Russell red Qiao Ba led the Soviet army into the DPRK to expel the white army, and then Zhebuzundanba died of illness. 1924, Mongolia established the * * * Republic!

During the Republic of China, although Mongolia enjoyed the sovereignty of the Republic of China, it formed a de facto independent kingdom. 1945, Stalin forced Jiang Jingguo to sign the independence of Outer Mongolia, and then Outer Mongolia voted for independence!

196 1 year, Chiang Kai-shek was forced to allow Mongolia to join the United Nations, and Mongolia's independence was recognized by the world!

From 19 1 1 to 199 1, from Russia to the Soviet Union, Russia's influence on Mongolia is profound and comprehensive.

Among them, in order to strengthen the control of Mongolia, Stalin carried out all-round control of Mongolia:

Economic control

Expulsion of third-country capital and control of Mongolia's financial power;

Political support

Select Mongolian elites to study brainwashing in the Soviet Union, and then enter the top level of Mongolia after returning to China to achieve the goal of controlling Mongolia's internal affairs and diplomacy;

Cultural castration

Prohibit the culture related to Genghis Khan, abolish Mongolian, promote Russian Slavic, and make Mongolia a rootless water;

Thought strangulation

Compulsory screening of nationals, execution of a large number of so-called "Rightists" and execution of a large number of Mongolian lamas and princes;

Pedigree control

Ordered Mongolian high-level officials to intermarry with Soviet troops and control the whole country of Mongolia with the blood of "marriage";

Through a series of means, Mongolia became the de facto16th member of the Soviet Union.

At the same time, Inner Mongolia is approaching the China family step by step. As early as the Qing Dynasty, the Qing Dynasty divided Mongolia into outer Mongolia and inner Mongolia. Among them, in Chahar and other places, floating officials are directly set up for management, rather than Zasak in outer Mongolia for autonomy. Due to the governance of floating officials, Inner Mongolia became the administrative region directly under the Qing Dynasty, and its economy developed rapidly.

Most of Inner Mongolia belongs to Inner Mongolia.

After the founding of the Republic of China. In order to strengthen the control of Mongolia, the system of "building Mongolia into a province" was implemented, and four provinces, namely Jehol, Chahar, Suiyuan and Ningxia, were established, collectively known as the "Four Great Wall Provinces". After the September 18th Incident, Inner Mongolia became one of the battlefields, including the Great Wall War and Duolun War. In Inner Mongolia, "pseudo-Mongolian military government" and "pseudo-Mongolian joint autonomous government" have also appeared one after another. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Ulanhu established the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in the east of Inner Mongolia on 1947, which is the first autonomous region in China, marking the beginning of a new life in Inner Mongolia!

After a series of events in modern times, the development of Inner Mongolia is flourishing. Today, Inner Mongolia has a population of more than 25 million, and its per capita GDP is much higher than that of Mongolia. Mongolia has been squeezed by the Soviet Union for a long time, and its population has been at a very low level. Today, it barely exceeds 3 million. Moreover, the overload of animal husbandry leads to the deterioration of ecological environment, and desertification is serious in most parts of China!

After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, Mongolia began to implement the strategy of "the third neighbor", which was very close to the United States and Japan. However, despite receiving so much economic assistance, Mongolia's economy is still in a mess!

It can be said that the history of Mongolia is a history of constant alienation and total westernization. The history of Inner Mongolia is the history of continuous sinicization and eventually belonging to the Chinese family!

According to the teacher's classmates, Inner Mongolians don't regard Mongolians as their compatriots at all, and have no sympathy for their poverty!

In today's rich and confident atmosphere, Inner Mongolians are more disdainful and contemptuous of Mongolians. As for Mongolia's so-called position in the world, the people of Inner Mongolia are not envious. After all, the national strength is there, and standing behind China is definitely much better than sticking a splint on gas!

I am Mongolian. As a Mongolian, my personal experience is that Mongolian feelings at home are very complicated. Hate, envy, slander, jealousy and so on. Of course, Mongolians in outer Mongolia also have very complicated psychology towards Mongolians in China. This phenomenon has very complicated historical, political and economic reasons. First of all, Outer Mongolia is the only country in the world with Mongolians as the main body. They have more international voice than Inner Mongolians, and it is easy to arouse the public anger of all Mongolians. But the Mongols are proud and look down on us. Secondly, due to historical reasons, Outer Mongolia tends to be Russian or Westernized, while Inner Mongolia tends to be China, which leads to different mainstream ideas in culture and society. Therefore, both of them love and hate each other and like to regard themselves as the mainstream of Mongolian groups. There are also economic reasons that lead to mutual contempt. Of course, as a kind of cultural identity, we still have many similarities, which can be seen from the frequent and extensive exchanges between Inner Mongolia and Mongolia. Personally, I yearn for the living environment and lifestyle of the people there, and I feel sorry for their economic and political instability.

What's more, as a Mongolian, I am very disgusted with the Internet.

As a Mongolian in Inner Mongolia, I want to say:

1. The golden family is the floorboard of Genghis Khan and his descendants. The golden family is only a minority among Mongolians, and more Mongolians are ordinary people like me. The golden family cannot represent the whole Mongolia. The golden family represents the legitimacy and legitimacy of the rulers. Therefore, the gold family does not represent the legitimacy of the Mongols. Mongolia has never been divided into orthodoxy and collateral, only. Individuals are divided into nobles, civilians and slaves. Rulers distinguish between legality and illegality.

2. Mongolians are a very big nation. Mongolia is not only an Inner Mongolian in China, but also a series of groups, such as the Weilat Mongols in Xinjiang, the Dedu Mongols in Qinghai, the ancient Karkamon Mongols in Mongolia, the kalmyk Mongols in the Russian Federation, the Buryats Mongols in Altay, and the Tuowa Mongols. We share the same culture, beliefs and lifestyles, but due to historical reasons, we are scattered in different countries and regions.

3. Since Genghis Khan ordered Naiman Buddhists to create Mongolian in Uighur, Mongolian has experienced a long historical evolution and innovation. Therefore, the Uighur Mongolian language used in China is not the only language that represents Mongolian, but the language that has been used for the longest time. In the Yuan Dynasty, Kublai Khan ordered Buddhist Yuba to refer to Sanskrit and Tibetan to create Yuba, which was the national language of the Yuan Dynasty. Later, Namu Haizhamusu, a living Buddha in Vilat, created Tote for the convenience of recording Vilat dialect. In order to facilitate the translation of Buddhist scriptures, A Youxi, a Buddhist teacher in the Yuan Dynasty, created the word Ali Gali. In order to facilitate the translation of Buddhist scriptures, Halka's living Buddha, Nezha Basl, created Su Yong's prose, which is now the text on the Mongolian flag and the first word of Su Yong's prose. Influenced by the Soviet Union, Mongolia created Cyrillic Mongolian. These characters are symbols for recording Mongolian, and there is no distinction between high and low.

4. Mongolians are scattered in many countries and regions in Central Asia and East Asia, and we have strong centripetal force. As a nation, there is nothing wrong with this. We respect history, and we have no unified goal or proposition. We just want to live peacefully and happily in the land of our ancestors. Therefore, some ultra-nationalists don't have to shout the slogan "You are not my race, your heart is different" every time they see Mongolian information.

I'm from Inner Mongolia, so I can answer.

The concept of "Inner Mongolians" is actually unscientific, because Inner Mongolia is too big and the east-west span is too long. The easternmost part is connected with Heilongjiang and Russia, and the westernmost part faces Gansu and Xinjiang across the river. Even the birth of modern Inner Mongolia itself is the result of the game between all parties. Language, writing, cultural identity and even race are different. How can we have a consistent attitude towards a country like Mongolia?

First of all, from the ethnic point of view, the main ethnic group in Inner Mongolia is the Han nationality, accounting for more than 80%, and there are more than 17% Mongolian compatriots, reaching more than 5 million people, and there are a large number of other ethnic groups.

Because of the national cultural identity, their attitudes towards Mongolia are also different. As far as I know, Han people generally regard Outer Mongolia as a distant country that has nothing to do with themselves from the perspective of geography and history, or as a province in China that is isolated overseas. These two extreme emotions exist in the Han population in Inner Mongolia. Even I have Han friends who have been determined to recover Cullen and pacify Mobei since childhood.

I also have many Mongolian friends, and their attitudes are quite tangled. Many people intermarry with Han people for a long time. They think that Outer Mongolia has nothing to do with themselves, and they only care about their own affairs. In addition, there are a large number of so-called "pure Mongols", mostly from a large number of Mongolian settlements. Most of them are proficient in Mongolian history and culture and agree that Mongolia is a family at home and abroad. Many of my Mongolian friends even hang Mongolian flags next to the statue of Genghis Khan in the dormitory.

As for other ethnic groups in Inner Mongolia, due to their small numbers, even Belarus has a large number, and they have never recognized Mongolia, so I won't go into details here.

The second point, which is also very important to me, is to look at this issue from the aspects of geographical distribution and cultural identity. Inner Mongolia has a vast territory. Although it has a long history, the current geographical pattern is only formed in the contemporary era. Specifically, it mainly includes the northwest cultural area in the west, the Shanxi-Shaanxi cultural area in the middle, the orthodox Mongolian cultural area in Ximeng, the northeast cultural area in the east, and the most special and last cultural island in Baotou. Let's correspond one by one.

Western cultural areas, mainly Alashan desert areas, have long been grazed by Mongolian tribes. However, in the Republic of China, in order to resist the separatist forces of Outer Mongolia, it was transferred to Gansu, and even land conflicts between Kan Moun and other provinces have occurred from time to time in recent years. Therefore, the language, culture and identity of residents have been very different from the Shanxi-Shaanxi Cultural District in the middle of 1998, which is the core area of modern Inner Mongolia. On the attitude towards outer Mongolia, a few Mongolian compatriots still agree that outer Mongolia and themselves are a species, but most of them are indifferent.

Shanxi-Shaanxi Cultural District was once classified as Suiyuan Province during the partition of Inner Mongolia in the Republic of China, and it became the core area of modern Inner Mongolia because of its strong economic strength, large population and the decisive role of Yun family. Although Yun is a traditional Mongolian, the main population in this area is Han compatriots in Shanxi and Shaanxi provinces who settled in Mongolia through the west entrance in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. As for their attitude towards Mongolia, they regard Mongolia as a close neighbor and business partner, as well as a core area, just like their clever ancestors. They carried out the central policy most forcefully, making Inner Mongolia a "model autonomous region" in new China.

Mongolian orthodox Mongolian cultural area, because of its special geographical location and cultural identity, was listed separately after Inner Mongolia was assigned to Chahar Province in the Republic of China. Strictly speaking, this area is the officially recognized place where Mongolian is pronounced, the core area of grassland regimes in past dynasties, and the place where conflicts and contradictions are prone to occur. Because of the unpleasantness in grassland protection. This area is highly consistent with outer Mongolia. The dormitory I described above is hung with the flag of Outer Mongolia, and most of them are students here. They think that there is no difference between Inner Mongolia and Outer Mongolia, and they are all compatriots. Many people have a greater sense of identity with the national and spiritual totem than the country.

The Northeast Cultural District was included in the Northeast when Inner Mongolia was divided into New China in the Republic of China, and it was the most centrifugal area in modern Inner Mongolia. This area has a large Mongolian population, but it is the main tar because it is too far away from the central core area and has a long history of separation.

Finally, Baotou culture is the most special island. Geographically, Baotou is located in the core area of Shanxi-Shaanxi culture in central China, surrounded by mountains. In fact, it is also deeply influenced by Shanxi-Shaanxi culture, but it is just different. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, cities prospered because of industry. It is no longer an inn for business travelers in Mongolia, but a new hometown for people from all corners of the country. The people who helped Baotou Steel in the three northeastern provinces, the cadres and the masses who helped build military enterprises in the northern provinces and the capital, and even the Soviet experts who came and went in a hurry all had a far-reaching impact on the city. At present, the proportion of Mongolian compatriots in Baotou is as low as single digits, and many residents even have poor recognition of Inner Mongolia, let alone the distant outer Mongolia.

Tell me about myself. I was born in Baotou, and I am a descendant of Shanxi Han nationality who moved westward. My ancestors came to Inner Mongolia in the Gaozu era and lived in Siziwangqi, a traditional Mongolian settlement. My parents went to school in Shenyang and were assigned to Baotou after graduation, where I was born. My friends, teachers, classmates and even neighbors who grew up are descendants of Northeast immigrants, most of whom are from Anshan, Liaoning. My parents usually speak Mandarin. When I go back to my hometown, I can speak this dialect, but I can't speak this dialect. My mouth is full of northeast flavor. According to my description, what do you think we can do for Mongolia?

After my ancestors came to Inner Mongolia through Xikou, I was a businessman, providing logistics for businessmen traveling in Mongolia, and also a big landlord. My friends and teachers often do business and give lectures inside and outside Mongolia, and some Mongolian friends go to study in outer Mongolia. How can I put it? Outer Mongolia feels strange and familiar. Sometimes it is more intimate than many distant southern provinces, and sometimes it is farther than the United States thousands of miles away. In my opinion, just like a friend of ours, a person is hanging overseas, not a stranger, but gradually forgotten.