The American "sugar-coated cannonball" on the Korean battlefield cannot shake the psychological defense of the volunteers.

The Korean War was the first modern local war after World War II. On the long and narrow Korean peninsula, the United States dumped 3.3 million tons of ammunition, equivalent to half of the total consumption in World War II and 30 times that in the Gulf War. For a long time, few people mentioned that the US military used its material advantages to "hard destroy" and "soft woo" at the same time.

On the Korean battlefield, the "psychological warfare" launched by the US military. The scale and means are unprecedented in the history of the PLA.

Since World War II, all the group armies, armies and divisions of the US military have set up "psychological warfare" divisions, divisions and regiments, and equipped them with special propaganda units. As soon as the Korean War started, the US Army's "First Radio Broadcasting and Leaflet Distribution Brigade" entered the war zone to perform psychological warfare tasks. Relying on its most developed economic base, the United States adopted bribery and inducement to achieve the goal of "winning without fighting."

Chocolate, Coca-Cola and field lunch boxes were once three things that American officers and men carried with them in World War II. The United States, which calls itself the "second team", did not go to war on a large scale until 1944. The 4 million soldiers who left the country actually drank 654.38 billion bottles of coke a year. American soldiers who play around chew chocolate everywhere, and even give it to children around them when they are happy. Those war-torn western Europeans are envious.

This field lunch box contains not only bread and butter, lunch meat and salad as ingredients, but also two camel cigarettes and three matches, which can be smoked several times after meals.

After the United States sent troops to North Korea, it immediately used its superior material living standard as a show-off capital. According to statistics, during the Korean War, the United States transported 75 million tons of materials, most of which were used for daily consumption, while Chinese people's Volunteer Army, which was several times as powerful as the US military, only consumed 5.6 million tons of domestic materials. Basically, it can't be replenished locally). The average daily consumption of American soldiers is 30 kilograms. It is ten times that of China soldiers, and the quality of supply is generally much higher. The average number of American troops is less than four, so there is only one locomotive, with an average of 100 volunteers. There is only one motor vehicle.

This is not an order of magnitude material technology gap. Carry out an all-pervasive "psychological warfare" offensive and temptation against American volunteers.

When the volunteers entered the DPRK, the American army was in chaos. Failed to organize a systematic psychological offensive. 195 1 at the beginning of the year, the us military counterattacked and launched psychological warfare through various channels.

This psychological attack is often accompanied by air cannons. After a burst of heavy fire cover, the loudspeakers of low-altitude hovering planes and tanks shouted: "Are the aircraft cannons of the United Nations Army powerful?" Then the Kuomintang female spy surrendered softly.

At the beginning of the war. The psychological offensive of the US military has little effect on some well-trained heroic troops in New China, and can only lure some bad elements.

Volunteers launched guerrilla warfare on the south bank of the Han River. This is a difficult stage for lack of food, clothes and ammunition. Although the casualties of a division have been reduced by more than half, the morale of most officers and men is high. Wang Shunqing was captured in Liaoshen Battle, and concealed the identity of the battalion commander of the Kuomintang Health Camp, and became the military doctor of the 38th Army. After being captured by the US military, he received secret service training and was appointed as the highest-ranking prisoner officer in the prison camp. A few days later, the American plane threw a lot of photos of him and two naked women on the position of the division, which led everyone to call him shameless.

At the beginning of the War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea, the military and civilians throughout the country carried out in-depth education on "Three Views". In addition, the old debts of the United States supporting Chiang Kai-shek during the War of Liberation are still in my mind, and the troops have developed a hard-working and simple style. Officers and men generally hold a contemptuous attitude towards this kind of behavior.

Before the fifth campaign, a large number of troops poured into Korea. For example, the soldiers of the Kuomintang Third Corps, who had just been incorporated into a large number of uprisings and rebellions, had no time to strictly examine them, and only emphasized that American imperialism was a "paper tiger". After entering the DPRK, a few people encountered the harsh environment of hunger and speculation and were shaken by the enemy's double offensive of firepower and psychology.

In the retreat to the north at the end of the fifth campaign, the former Kuomintang backbone elements mixed in the army took the opportunity to destroy and incite. As a result, a large number of officers and men disappeared, some of whom were defectors. The vast majority of volunteer prisoners of war fell into enemy hands in this operation.

Since the summer of 195 1, political organs have changed the past "internal defense" mode, carried out internal cleaning and screening, and removed people with complex and unreliable backgrounds from the front line. At the same time, each unit should set up a political security team, the main measure is to actively expose and refute the enemy's propaganda content.

At that time, the US military had absolute air superiority. Have the means of remote delivery. There is no way to stop it by distributing leaflets, articles and radio agitation. The Political Department of the Volunteers simply publicized the propaganda content of the enemy's situation, mobilized cadres and soldiers to ask questions, started debates, and political workers explained them, looking for weaknesses and organizing refutations.

On the Korean battlefield, there is a fundamental weakness in the propaganda of volunteers by the US military, that is, it uses the materials and idiomatic tone of the Kuomintang secret service. Often suitable for China defeated the gentry's psychology. For example, the United States has thrown out a large number of beautifully printed New Year cards, depicting a beautiful woman in a cheongsam with a well-dressed child in her arms, next to which is written the first poem of Tang poetry, "Poor River, still a girl in my dream", hoping to shake the morale of China commanders and soldiers.

Commanders from poor peasant families not only don't understand poetry, but also feel disgusted with this kind of painting that is divorced from their own lives. They all scolded: "I don't know which landlord bitch it is."

At that time, the United States publicized that the land reform in China was "the people were living in poverty", but the vast majority of volunteers thought that they had obtained the land that generations had expected.

Another example is that the enemy's propaganda to suppress the revolutionary movement is to "kill the people". The officers and men of the Volunteers have personally realized that all oppressed people are bullies who oppress the people.

Political workers seized these fallacies and heresies and strongly refuted them, making officers and men realize that the propaganda of the US military is completely black and white, and the more they listen to it, the more rebellious they become, and the more uncomfortable they feel.

The United States has always seized a real weakness of the volunteers-backward material conditions-to fight propaganda wars. When the two sides confronted each other, the enemy distributed a large number of Lenovo leaflets with a photo of the "United Nations Army" wearing a bronze helmet, which read "It is very important to wear a helmet to prevent guns, bullets and gravel", so as to make China officers and soldiers dissatisfied with their superiors not wearing helmets.

When China was founded, its gross national income was only 1/24 of that of the United States. The per capita income is only 1/70, so it is difficult to catch up with the opponent for a long time. Facing this problem with wide eyes or avoiding it with closed eyes has become an urgent problem to be solved in volunteer political work.

The political workers of the Volunteers held a realistic attitude and gave tit-for-tat explanations, explaining that the suffering was mainly caused by the collapse of the old society and the enemy's bombing blockade. With the support of the motherland and the development of domestic economy. Material conditions will certainly improve.

This explanation makes commanders and soldiers believe that in the long run, they will definitely catch up with the United States in material conditions. I fight to defend the country myself, just to safeguard the construction and development of the country.

When conditions are difficult, leaders at all levels of volunteers set an example. Commander Peng insisted on not eating vegetables for several months. Like everyone else, he wore a patched uniform. Mao Zedong's son, we.

After two years and nine months of resisting US aggression and aiding Korea, the volunteers' Vietnam War became stronger, their morale became higher and higher, and their ability to guard against the enemy's psychological offensive became stronger and stronger. Another important reason is that the first-line material conditions have improved.

Yang Dezhi, then commander of the 19th Corps, recalled that during the Long March, the troops could have hot meals most of the time. In the first few months in Korea, they could not make a fire because of the enemy's air strikes. Not even a hot meal.

Because fried noodles have been mixed with snow for several months, many veterans will feel sick when they see oil-tea noodles for many years. At that time, there was a joke in the army: "Hang the dry food bag with fried noodles on the tree, and don't even hit the plane."

Many officers and men suffered from night blindness because they could not eat for months. Under such difficult conditions, many people's patience has reached the limit. In the fourth and fifth battles, the number of casualties due to illness once exceeded the number of combatants.

After turning to positional warfare, the domestic economy recovered rapidly, and the logistics department of the Volunteers also took many effective measures to eliminate the problems of lack of food and rest and cooking.

At that time, Mao Zedong specifically told us that every front-line soldier must eat an egg every day. In the process of transportation, raw eggs are often broken because of the turbulence of the logistics department, so special egg powder is provided in China, and a large number of canned food, seafood and dried vegetables are transported away.

At that time, most of the domestic troops supplied sorghum rice and millet, while the volunteers supplied rice, flour and other flour, accounting for 70%. The troops generally grow vegetables in the battlefield, and with the promotion of scattered smoke and shading stoves, it is difficult for enemy planes to find the flames of cooking, and the frontline troops can basically guarantee hot meals and boiled water.

1953 in the spring, except for a few officers on duty at the front, the breakfast of commanders and soldiers is fried dough sticks and soybean milk.

The living conditions of the volunteers have been significantly improved, greatly improving their morale and their ability to resist the enemy's psychological offensive. China soldiers who grew up eating chaff and swallow vegetables can find delicious rice with canned meat and egg powder at every meal. Those American chocolates, butterscotch in glass bags, picnic lunch boxes. You lost your charm.

By the end of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, the officers and men of the Volunteers had become accustomed to the enemy's "psychological warfare" and basically scoffed at its leaflets, broadcasts and various air-dropped items. The US military's costly psychological warfare offensive was ultimately helpless and unable to shake the psychological defense of the volunteers.