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What are the specific functions and design principles of the front wing, tail wing and diffuser of F 1 racing car?

In the final analysis, all the functions are to provide downforce and make the car grip stronger.

The front wing not only provides downforce directly, but also separates the airflow from the tire, reducing the effect of airflow on the tire, which is the component with the greatest wind resistance in F 1. At the same time, the backward airflow and the underbody airflow are improved.

The tail directly provides downforce, and corrects the turbulence of the tail to reduce the turbine resistance.

The diffuser will exhaust the airflow under the vehicle as soon as possible, thus reducing the air pressure under the vehicle, and the vehicle will obtain greater downforce.