Domain application of marginal effect

For example, the initial input 1 yuan can get the output of 2 yuan. With the continuous expansion of investment scale, to a certain extent, with the same input of 1 yuan, the output may only be 1.2 yuan, or even 1 yuan, and 0.8 yuan and 0.6 yuan ...

In a sense, marginal effect breaks people's original thinking, that is, the usual "input-output" model.

When it is at a certain "edge", this model fails. Since it is called "marginal effect", that is to say, it can summarize some phenomena in life, not just in the field of economics.

In order to solve the problem of astronauts' writing in weightlessness in space, the United States invested hundreds of millions of yuan and finally developed a special ballpoint pen. The former Soviet Union skillfully solved the problem without investment: let the astronauts take a pencil to the sky. (Of course, this is just a joke story. In fact, this pencil is not an ordinary pencil, but a special pencil. This story is only used to compare some common marginal effects in life. )

If the solution of the problem is regarded as an output, the research and development and time invested in it are all invested.

From the input-output model, the above story shows the figures of "marginal effect".

In the era of rapid development of science and technology, under the policy of rejuvenating the country through science and education and the theory that science and technology are productive forces, if we enter the thinking mode of "scientism", it is very likely that we will eventually hit the "marginal effect" south wall.

Therefore, science and technology is not the more the better, the higher the better, more importantly, its practicality and pertinence in solving practical problems. In the process of education, with the increase of the head teacher's investment in education, the effect will also increase. When the investment increases to a certain amount, the educational effect will no longer increase positively; If we continue to strengthen it, the educational effect will obviously decline and increase negatively. Why is this? So I consulted books on class management and learned that this phenomenon is a "marginal effect" in education. In any educational activity, the effect of receiving relevant information is the highest in the initial stage, and then gradually decreases with the passage of time, and finally reaches a saturation point. Beyond this point, the object of education will have resistance.

Therefore, we should seize the opportunity when educating students. First of all, we must learn to "send charcoal in the snow." This requires the head teacher to go deep into the students, understand their needs and existing problems, lend a helping hand in time, and solve their difficulties, which can often get twice the result with half the effort. "icing on the cake" is easy and beautiful, but "giving charcoal in the snow" is more urgent and important. Secondly, learn to "properly cool down" and combine timely evaluation with delayed evaluation. In class management, different problems among students should be evaluated in time or delayed to avoid "diminishing marginal effect". If we treat some students who have made mistakes, some class teachers often go online and immediately find the students to reprimand them, which sometimes backfires. We might as well adopt the method of delayed evaluation and talk to students after catching a cold, sometimes the effect will be better. Even if it's better late than never, it's not too late.

Education is a kind of creative labor. As a class teacher, we should constantly reflect on education, learn from other people's experience, manage our class well, and realize personal growth with students. Give full play to the marginal effect of capital in mountaineering tourism

Traditional travel agencies began to extend to the upstream and downstream of the tourism industry chain, giving full play to the "marginal effect". Private enterprises and foreign capital began to "enclosure" and began a new experiment of "tourism community". Real estate capital, which had little to do with tourism, continued to increase its interest in tourism, and played a combination of housing and tourism under the banner of "tourism real estate". Tourism has never satisfied the appetite of managers in all walks of life like this.

Earlier on March 20th, 2007, Guangdong CTS just won the ticket management right of Danxia Mountain, the only world-class mountain in Guangdong, for two years at a price of 70 million yuan. This is only the first step of Guangdong China Travel Service Danxia Plan. According to the previous agreement reached between Guangdong CTS and the local government, two strategic investors will join hands in the future to invest 654.38+0.5 billion yuan to fully participate in the development and operation of the Great Danxia Mountain Scenic Area with a total area of 300 square kilometers. The Great Danxia Scenic Area not only includes the "world geological park"-Danxia Mountain Scenic Area, but also includes forest parks such as Chebaling, Lianhua Mountain and Xiaokeng. Due to lack of funds, only 23 square kilometers of the 300 square kilometers of the Great Danxia Mountain Scenic Area are open to tourists, and more than 90% of the remaining scenic spots have not met with tourists.

In fact, even in Guangdong province, Guangdong China Travel Service is not the only travel agency involved in the operation of scenic spots, let alone the earliest travel agency involved in the operation of scenic spots. Well-known travel agencies, including Guangzhi Travel Service, Nanhu International Travel Service and Guangdong China Travel Service, have cast nets in Guangdong Province and intervened in the management and development of scenic spots.

In September 2005, Nanhu International Travel Service took over the management of Deqing Panlongxia Eco-tourism Zone and Jinlin Water Town Scenic Area for 46 years. From June 5438 to February 2005, Nanhu International Travel Service signed a contract with Sihui City to take over the development and operation of Qishihe Scenic Area for 30 years.

Throughout the country, in places rich in tourism resources such as Hunan, Yunnan and Anhui, like Guangdong, there are many examples of entrusting the management right of scenic spots to traditional travel agencies for development in a certain period of time. It has gradually become clear that traditional travel agencies "turn around" and set foot in the scenic spots in the upper reaches of the industrial chain.

The present situation of multi-head carving up small profits and the future scramble for food by foreign travel agencies make domestic traditional travel agencies have to seek new business growth points.

Compared with the superficial phenomenon that traditional travel agencies have turned around and set foot in the upstream scenic spots of the tourism industry chain, the industry and the public are more concerned about the reasons and effects behind the actions.

Up to now, Guangdong's tourism industry has more than 1 0,000 travel agencies. With the intensification of competition, profits have been increasingly diluted, which is an indisputable fact. According to the industry's relatively pertinent statement, in the traditional two major business components of travel agencies, the gross profit margin of domestic travel has dropped to about 10%, and the original most profitable outbound travel has only remained within 15%. At the peak of profit, domestic travel can reach 15%, and outbound travel can reach more than 20%.

A complete tourism industry chain involves many links such as eating, living, traveling, traveling, shopping and entertainment, while traditional travel agencies often only undertake a single group function. Most of these profits will be divided up by hotels, scenic spots, restaurants, transportation and other links, and finally the profits attributable to travel agencies are very small. According to informed sources, under normal circumstances, the profits of travel agencies are less than110, accommodation and catering account for 1/2, scenic spots account for 1/3, and the rest are transportation and entertainment.

In addition, the threat of foreign tourism enterprises is also an important factor. Among the three major tourist markets: domestic travel, inbound travel and outbound travel, outbound travel has always been the highest profit point for domestic travel agencies. A person in charge of a large travel agency told the reporter that due to the local advantages of domestic travel agencies, most of the domestic tours of China and the inbound tours of foreign guests engaged by foreign travel agencies are in a state of meager profit or even loss, but the reason why they want to lose money and stay in the China market is to "be optimistic about this long-term market and wait for the opening of outbound travel." Once the future outbound travel is liberalized, it will undoubtedly further reduce the profit margin for domestic travel agencies with low profits.

According to public data, compared with single group business, the average profit of scenic spot operation can reach more than 20%, which is much higher than that of travel agencies and tourist hotels in the same period. From this perspective, travel agencies directly invest in scenic spots and hotel construction in order to obtain more profits in the tourism industry chain.

Guangdong China Travel Service evaluates its involvement in scenic spot management as "the change of business model", that is, how traditional travel agencies can make more money in the new environment. According to the planning of Guangdong China Travel Service, the future scenic spot management will be the fourth sector of the company's business composition, keeping pace with travel agencies, hotels and tourist passenger transport business. As a new growth point of the company in the future, the purpose of setting foot in scenic spot management is to "moderately lengthen the industrial value chain and expand the marginal effect", accelerate industry integration and realize a virtuous circle.

"When the traditional business enters the era of low profit, travel agencies should consider new development models. To change, travel agencies must start from the familiar tourism industry. First, it is easy to take risks, and second, the risk is relatively low. Although in principle, attractions, restaurants, hotels, air traffic and other links in the tourism industry chain can be involved, in general, investment in attractions may be the most suitable and safest link. " Wang Jian said.

In addition, the reason why travel agencies can "enclose" scenic resources is also closely related to the initiative of throwing hydrangeas in scenic spots around the country. Almost all provinces and cities rich in tourism resources regard tourism as a pillar industry to promote local economic development, and have formulated many preferential measures to attract investment. However, due to limited financial resources or difficulties in the operation of scenic spots, we have to seek "help" from foreign capital. On the one hand, travel agencies familiar with the tourism industry seek a turning point in order to integrate the industrial chain. On the other hand, scenic spots also take the initiative to throw hydrangeas for their own development needs, so the two sides hit it off, and it has become a common phenomenon for travel agencies to "contain" upstream scenic spots.

Dr. Chen Nanjiang, chief planner of Guangdong Tourism Development Research Center, said that as a low-profit tourism industry, broadening the industrial chain under the competitive mechanism has become a benign development trend of the industry. Travel agencies invest in scenic spots, hotels and other related fields, have a relative understanding of tourists' needs and can make use of the existing sales network and human resources, with less investment risk and higher profit rate. By investing in scenic spots, hotels and other industrial chains, travel agencies have also changed from simple travel service providers to comprehensive travel groups, opening up the upstream and downstream of the tourism industrial chain, and accelerating industry integration while maximizing profits.