What is common knowledge about Guangdong Province?

Referred to as Guangdong. Guangdong Province has always been at the forefront of reform and opening up. Shenzhen, Zhuhai, and Shantou took the lead in establishing special economic zones and have become China's largest economic province. Guangdong Province is located in the southernmost part of mainland China, bordering the South China Sea to the south, facing Hainan across the sea from the Qiongzhou Strait, bordering Guangxi to the west, Hunan and Jiangxi to the north, and intersecting Fujian to the east. The province is located at low latitudes, with the Tropic of Cancer running through the middle of the land. Guangdong Province has a humid subtropical monsoon climate. The terrain of Guangdong is high in the north and low in the south, with mountains, plains, and hills staggered throughout the territory. Most rivers flow from north to south, including the Pearl River, Hanjiang River, Jianjiang River, etc. Guangdong is a famous hometown of overseas Chinese in China. There are about 6 million compatriots from Hong Kong and Macao who are originally from Guangdong, and there are about 22 million overseas Chinese and Chinese, and they are spread all over the world.

Geographical Overview

Guangdong is located in the southernmost part of mainland China, with a total land area of ??17.98 million square kilometers and a total coastline of 3,368 kilometers. There are many islands. To the south is the South China Sea. It faces Hainan across the sea with the Qiongzhou Strait as the boundary. It borders Guangxi in the west. It is adjacent to Hunan and Jiangxi in the north, and intersects with Fujian in the east. The province is located at low latitudes, with the Tropic of Cancer running through the middle of the land. The terrain of Guangdong is high in the north and low in the south. The territory is criss-crossed by mountains, plains and hills. The highest peak in the province is Shikengkong, located at the northwest end of the Benlie Mountains, with an altitude of 1,902 meters. Most rivers flow from north to south, including the Pearl River, Hanjiang River, Jianjiang River, etc. The Pearl River is the third largest river in China. The Pearl River Delta and Han River Delta along the South China Sea have fertile land and are famous land of fish and rice.

Climate Characteristics

Guangdong Province has a subtropical and tropical monsoon climate and is a region in China that is particularly rich in light, heat and water resources. The average annual temperature is above 19°C except for Lianshan in northwest Guangdong. The zonal distribution of temperature is obvious, with temperatures generally lower in the north and higher in the south. The annual precipitation in most areas of Guangdong is 1,500 to 2,000 mm, but the distribution is uneven and varies greatly between regions and year to year. Guangdong is also one of the provinces most frequently hit by typhoons in China.

Natural resources

Guangdong Province is rich in animal and plant species, including more than 1,000 species of wild resource plants, including more than 30 species of ancient plants, such as water pine, cycad, tree fern, etc., which are It is called the living fossil of Guangdong. The total number of plant species in the northern Nanling area exceeds the total plant species in central and northern China, and it is known as a green treasure house. There are also patches of mangroves growing on the tidal flats along the Pearl River Estuary. There are more than 700 species of wild animals, and rare animals include Sumatran antelope, South China tiger, etc. The South China Sea has a freshwater area of ??more than 273 square kilometers and contains more than 860 species of fish. There are 85 types of mineral resources in Guangdong with proven reserves, most of which are non-ferrous metals. Oil and natural gas resources are also abundant.

Transportation

Guangdong is the southern gate of the motherland, adjacent to Hong Kong and Macao, and is my country’s nearest seaport to Southeast Asia, South Asia, Oceania, the Middle East and Africa. The province has developed transportation, with sea, land and air transportation networks centered on Guangzhou extending in all directions. There are more than 100 ports. There are 8 civil aviation airports. There are main railway lines such as Beijing-Kowloon, Beijing-Guangzhou, Guangmei-Shantou and Sanmao, as well as Guangzhou-Shenzhen quasi-high-speed passenger trains running directly to Kowloon. Highways extend in all directions and are of high grade.

Economic Overview

The development speed of industrial and agricultural production in Guangdong Province is higher than the national average growth rate. Guangdong's industries mainly include food, household appliances, plastic products, clothing, cigarettes, ceramics, textiles, silk, machinery, electronics, electricity, coal, petroleum, shipbuilding, automobiles, chemicals, medicine, building materials, metallurgy, etc. A complete industrial system has been formed. The categories and output value of the electronics industry rank among the top in the country. At the same time, Guangdong is also the country's rice, vegetable and fruit production base. The Pearl River Delta is a production base for grain, fruit and sugar cane. Leizhou Peninsula is a tropical crop production base.

Cultural Customs

In the long-term historical development process, Guangdong has formed a strong and distinctive local culture. Three main Chinese dialects are used locally: Cantonese dialect (also known as Guangzhou dialect) ), Hakka dialect and Min dialect. The local folk arts are colorful and diverse, mainly including Guangdong music, Cantonese opera, Teochew opera, Han opera, Lei opera, mountain opera, etc.

Provincial capital: Guangzhou

Guangzhou City is the capital of Guangdong Province, also known as Yangcheng, or Sui for short. It is located in the middle of the province, connected to Huizhou City in the east.

It borders Foshan City to the west. It borders Qingyuan City and Shaoguan City to the north, and Dongguan City and Zhongshan City to the south. It faces Hong Kong and Macau across the sea. Area is 7435 square kilometers. It has jurisdiction over 10 districts and oversees two county-level cities, Conghua and Zengcheng. Before the five-port trade opened in the Qing Dynasty, it was China's most important foreign trade port and one of the starting points of the ancient Maritime Silk Road. It is now China's southern transportation hub and the gateway to the outside world, and it is China's southern gate. The terrain of Guangzhou is high in the northeast and low in the southwest. The northeast is a mountainous area, the middle is hills and plateaus, and the south is the Pearl River Delta alluvial plain, with the Pearl River passing through the city. It has superior natural conditions and rich product resources. It is one of the regions with the richest fruit tree resources in the country and has developed industry. Products galore. Agricultural and sideline industries mainly include planting rice, vegetables, and breeding freshwater fish and poultry. Guangzhou has the largest international trade port in South China, as well as an extensive highway network and railway network connecting all parts of the country.

Shenzhen

Shenzhen is located on the southern coast of Guangdong Province, bordering Dapeng Bay to the east, the Pearl River Estuary to the west, the New Territories of Hong Kong to the south, and Dongguan and Huizhou to the north. The total area It covers an area of ??2020 square kilometers and has 6 municipal districts. Shenzhen has a subtropical maritime climate with abundant rainfall. The sunshine hours are long and the climate is mild.

Shenzhen is a seaside city with beautiful scenery, backed by mountains and facing the sea. The winding Dapeng Bay coastline is more than 70 kilometers long, and is dotted with Dameisha, Xiaomeisha, Xi; Zhong, Diefu, There are beaches with clear water and white sand such as Shuishatou and Xichong.

Historical and cultural city: Foshan

Foshan has a long history. As early as the Qin and Han Dynasties. This is already a large-scale village where farmers and fishermen live together. In the second year of Zhenguan of the Tang Dynasty (628), three Buddha statues were excavated on Tapogang in the city, hence the name Foshan. Foshan is located in the south of Guangdong Province, in the hinterland of the Pearl River Delta, with Guangzhou to the east and Hong Kong and Macao to the south. Foshan is full of cultural landscapes, including the Ancestral Temple, Confucius Temple, Huang Gong Temple and other cultural relics. Foshan Ancestral Temple, built in the Northern Song Dynasty, is the first of all temples in Foshan; Shunde Qinghui Garden is one of the four famous gardens in Guangdong during the Qing Dynasty. In addition, there are Confucius Temple, Nanhai Kang Youwei's former residence, Linggui Pagoda, etc. Foshan has seen numerous celebrities for thousands of years, among whom Chen Qiyuan, Huang Feihong, Kang Youwei, Zhan Tianyou, Wu Jianren and Bruce Lee are the most famous. Foshan is also the birthplace of Chinese Cantonese opera.

Historical and cultural city: Zhaoqing

Zhaoqing is located in the central part of Guangdong Province and is one of the birthplaces of ancient Lingnan indigenous culture. The bronzes unearthed in the territory indicate that by the late Spring and Autumn Period, Zhaoqing's Lingnan indigenous culture had begun to merge with the Shang and Zhou culture of the Central Plains and the Chu-Yue culture of the Yangtze River Basin. In the Han Dynasty, counties were established. Duanzhou was established in the Sui Dynasty and was called Zhaoqing in the Song Dynasty, which means "beginning to bring auspiciousness and joy". Li Yong, a writer of the Tang Dynasty, Rongrui, a Japanese monk who studied in the Tang Dynasty, Huineng, the sixth ancestor of Zen Buddhism, Bao Zheng, a famous minister of the Northern Song Dynasty, Matteo Ricci, an Italian missionary, Sun Yat-sen, a revolutionary forerunner, and Ye Ting, a famous Northern Expedition general, have all visited Zhaoqing. Leave footprints. Zhaoqing has many cultural relics and historic sites. Including the Song Dynasty City Wall, Piyun Tower, Mei'an, Yuejiang Tower, Chongxi Tower, Liqiao Tower, the former site of Ye Ting Independent Regiment, Qixingyan cliff carvings, etc. There are also the remains of the Sixth Patriarch of Zen Buddhism, the East and West Mosques, etc. Xinghu Lake and Dinghu Lake are famous scenic spots in Zhaoqing. Xinghu Lake is known as the first wonder in Lingnan. Dinghu Mountain ranks first among the four famous mountains in Guangdong and is known as a living natural museum.

Zhuhai

Zhuhai City is located in the southwest corner of the Pearl River Delta, west of the Pearl River Estuary. It borders Lingding Ocean to the east and Macau to the south. It is 140 kilometers away from Guangzhou City. The city faces the sea on three sides and has numerous harbors. The terrain is scattered and complex, including low hills, solitary mountains, plains, tidal flats and mangrove coasts. The main industries include electronics, machinery, textiles, light industry, chemicals, plastics, glass ceramics, medicine and medical equipment, building materials, etc., as well as the electric power industry. Agricultural products include rice, sugar cane, vegetables, flowers, and fruits such as lychees, pineapples, bananas, plantains, and citrus. It is rich in aquatic resources and has a wide variety of species, including the famous Wanshan Fishing Ground.

Leizhou Peninsula

Leizhou Peninsula is one of the three largest peninsulas in China and is named after many thunderstorms. Leizhou Peninsula is located in the southwest of Guangdong Province, extending between Beibu Gulf and Leizhou Bay, covering an area of ??approximately 8,000 square kilometers. The southern part of the peninsula faces Hainan Island across the Qiongzhou Strait. The peninsula has a single terrain with gentle undulations, dominated by terraces, followed by marine plains. The ground slope is generally only 3 to 5 meters.

The gentle slope topography in the northern part of the peninsula. The altitude is 25~50 meters. There are seven volcanic hills on the platform, including Luogang Ridge, Jiaoyi Ridge and Huguangyan. The basalt platform in the southern part of the peninsula is very flat, and there are 10 volcanic hills distributed there, generally with an altitude of 25 to 80 meters, with some reaching more than 200 meters. The peninsula is surrounded by sea on three sides. The coastline is about 1180 kilometers long, and the island coastline is 1450 kilometers long in total. There are sea plains along the east coast, with sandy mudflats on the outer edge, and islands such as Donghai, Nansan and Naozhou. The northeastern side of the peninsula has Zhanjiang Port, a modern port in the South China Sea, which is one of China's foreign trade ports and fishery bases. The Tomb of the Seventy-Two Martyrs in Huanghuagang

The entrance to the tomb in the cemetery is a tall archway with three arches arranged horizontally. The large characters "The majesty lasts forever" inscribed by Dr. Sun Yat-sen are engraved in the center of the tomb entrance. The tomb passage is wide and lined with steles. On the square stele pavilion is a stone monument with the name "Tomb of the Seventy-Two Martyrs", and behind it is the "Jigong Square". 72 stones are stacked to form a pyramid-shaped roof, and a Statue of Liberty holding a torch stands on the top. Zhang Taiyan inscribed the ancient seal script "Creating the Memorial Hall of the Seventy-two Martyrs of the Republic of China" on the forehead of this square. The stone tablet behind the square records the uprising in detail. Yellow flowers bloom all year round in the cemetery to symbolize the immortal spirit of the martyrs.

Humen Fort

Humen is located at the throat of the Pearl River waterway, connecting to the sea in the south and Guangzhou Huangpu Port in the north. It is the gateway to the sea in Guangzhou. This place has been defended by military strategists of all ages. Humen Fort is also called Hutoumen Fort. It is named because there are big and small tiger mountains inside the entrance, which look like two tigers descending from the mountain and dominating the river. Lin Zexu and Guan Tianpei built 11 forts here and installed more than 300 cannons. Weiyuan Fort is built in the rocks in front of Nanshan Fort, and is arranged in a Z-shaped layout with Zhenyuan and Jingyuan Forts. Iron chains, wooden stakes, and rows of chains are tied between the forts and submerged in the water to form a solid position to block the invasion of foreign ships. It is known as the Golden Lock and Tongguan Pass. The remains of the Shajiao Fort located southeast of Humen include a 3,000-kilogram ancient cannon, which was cast in Foshan in the 15th year of Daoguang's reign (1835).

Nanhua Temple

Nanhua Temple was built in the first year of Liang Tianjian (502) during the Southern and Northern Dynasties. Later, Emperor Taizong of the Song Dynasty granted him "Nanhua Temple", and the name of the temple has been followed to this day. Nanhua Temple is located on the bank of Cao River, 22 kilometers southeast of Shaoguan City, where the Sixth Patriarch Huineng founded the Zen Sect. It is the ancestral court of Zen Buddhism. Nanhua Temple is symmetrically laid out on both sides of the central axis. Enter through the main entrance. In order, they are Caoxi Gate, Free Life Pond, Baolin Gate, Tianwang Hall, Daxiong Hall, etc.

Kaiping Diaolou

Kaiping Diaolou is a unique group of vernacular buildings in Kaiping City, with more than 3,000 of them at most. There are more than 1,800 existing ones. These watchtowers integrate residential and defense functions, integrating Chinese and Western architectural art. It is a unique historical and cultural landscape, known as "a stunning architectural art corridor". It can be called the best in the world.

Zhongying Street

Zhongying Street is one of the eight scenic spots in Shenzhen. Chung Ying Street has the unique one-street-two-system feature in the world. There are eight boundary stones in the center of the street. Both sides of the boundary stones are engraved with the boundary stone serial number and the time when the stone was established in Chinese and English respectively. Taking this as the boundary, part of it belongs to Shenzhen and part to Hong Kong. This small street is 250 meters long and about 3 meters wide. There are many shops on both sides with a wide range of products. Today, Zhongying Street has become a tourist hotspot and a bustling commodity trading place. After Hong Kong returned to China on July 1, 1997, Chung Ying Street lost its original significance and became a historical relic.

Window of the World

Window of the World covers an area of ??approximately 480,000 square meters. The scenic spots are divided according to the content of tourist activities and the regional structure of the world. There are 118 large and small scenic spots, including the Egyptian Pyramids, the Grand Canyon of the United States, the Taj Mahal of India, the Arc de Triomphe of Paris, and the Temple of Karnak Amun. , St. Peter's Basilica in the Vatican, Sydney Opera House in Australia, Angkor Wat in Cambodia, Leaning Tower of Pisa in Italy and other world-famous landscapes. There are 10 world-famous sculptures standing on the World Square, 108 large stone pillars of different styles and nearly 2,000 square meters of relief walls surrounding the square. In addition, there are 6 giant gates and a gorgeous stage. 6 of them are giant gates. It is used to symbolize the birthplace of the world's ancient civilizations. Visitors can learn about many wonderful sights of the outside world through the Window of the World.

Qixingyan

Qixingyan is beautiful and diverse. It is known as "precarious peaks, strange rocks, strange caves and ancient temples". The key tourist areas include Qixingyan, Badong, There are about 80 scenic spots for viewing in the five lakes and six hills. Tianzhu Rock is the highest. The altitude is 117 meters. Shishi Cave contains many cultural relics from the Tang Dynasty to the Republic of China, accounting for 64% of the entire Qixingyan cliff carvings.

Chen Clan Ancestral Hall

Chen Clan Ancestral Hall, also known as Chen Clan Academy, is located on Zhongshan 7th Road, Guangzhou City. It was built in the 16th to 20th years of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty (1890~1894). At that time, the Hezu Temple was jointly built by the Chen surnamed clans in 72 counties in Guangdong Province. The entire building faces north and is composed of 19 buildings with 3 entrances, 5 rooms, 9 halls and 6 courtyards. It is a collection of Lingnan folk architectural and decorative arts. It is famous for its "three carvings, three plastics and one cast iron", and is known as the Hundred Guangdong Crown Temple. The architectural center of the academy is the main hall, Juxian Hall. The entire building is strictly symmetrical from front to back, left and right, alternate between virtual and real, and is extremely layered. The promenade and Qingyun Lane extend the entire building in all directions, and the courtyards and gardens are dotted among them, forming an independent but interconnected whole. Chen's Academy is famous for its exquisite decorative craftsmanship. Different styles of crafts such as wood carving, stone carving, brick carving, pottery sculpture, gray sculpture, murals and copper and iron casting are widely used in architectural decoration.

Ziyun Mountain

Baiyun Mountain is located in the north of Guangzhou City and is one of the famous mountains in southern Guangdong. Known as the first show in Yangcheng, it consists of more than 30 peaks. Climbing high can overlook the whole city and the Pearl River in the distance. Whenever it clears up after rain or in late spring. The mountains are surrounded by white clouds, hence the name of the mountain.

Danxia Mountain

Danxia Mountain is located in the northern part of Guangdong Province, China and is an important nature reserve in China. The mountain body of Danxia Mountain is composed of red sandy conglomerate. The various Danxia peaks developed along the vertical joints are very distinctive. It is called China Red Stone Park. This is the place where the Danxia landform is named. Between 140 million and 70 million years ago, the Danxia Mountain Area was a large inland basin where thick red strata were deposited. After 70 million years ago, the basin experienced intermittent rising and downward erosion due to flowing water. The red rock formations in the Danxia Basin are cut into a group of red mountains. The beautiful Danxia Mountain was formed today.