What is the resistance of Lin Zexu's anti-smoking campaign?

There is a lot of resistance. This resistance comes from the inside first. At that time, there were 13 China "foreign firms", that is, officials and businessmen authorized by the government. They monopolized foreign trade, took advantage of their powers, colluded with foreign businessmen to smuggle and sell opium, and made huge profits from furniture and confiscated tens of millions of silver. For their own benefit, they paid bribes and sought protection. People who enrich themselves by harboring smuggling and corruption, from the imperial court to petty officials and soldiers, constitute a huge group that harbors and encourages opium trafficking and accepts bribes from it. Even the customs officials in charge of smuggling and the officers and men of the navy (navy) defending coastal defense are direct bribers. According to the British Blue Book, British businessmen wrote this in a letter to British Foreign Secretary Pa Max Don: "In China, senior officials and government officials openly acquiesced in opium smuggling, from which both past and present rulers benefited. I heard that the military department in Beijing secretly allowed ... "In this case, Daoguang Emperor's repeated orders to ban smoking naturally fell by the wayside.

To this end, on his way to Guangdong, Lin Zexu secretly sent his cronies to Guangdong for a secret investigation and found out a group of traitors who colluded with British opium dealers. On February 24th, Lin Zexu immediately ordered the Chief Secretary of Guangdong and the Inspection Department to arrest him. After a night of raids, more than 2,000 drug dealers and addicts were arrested. Deng Tingzhen, the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, another representative of the anti-smoking faction, also acted immediately, and cracked the case of opening a kiln mouth privately (a buyer selling opium) 14 1, and captured 345 people and managed10/58. Before the arrival of the imperial envoy, the Guangzhou government took action to set up a factory with great fanfare, and the people of Guangzhou were very excited. On February 26th, the square of the 13th Commercial Pavilion in guangzhou fu was crowded with people, saying, "Punish opium dealers severely!" "Foreigners are not allowed to bring opium in!" "Drive away foreign opium dealers!" The slogan is earth-shattering Amid people's angry shouts, Feng Angang, a local tobacco merchant, was taken to the square and hanged. Foreign opium merchants cowered in the kiosk and lowered the national flag in front of the kiosk square in a panic to show their "protest". Earlier, Chaton, a great British opium dealer, had fled back to Britain after receiving a tip-off from an insider, while another great British opium dealer had gone into hiding. Twenty-two British and American opium barges also sailed from Lingdingyang to Yazhou Ocean for refuge.

On March 1839, 10, Lin Zexu arrived in Guangzhou, and people on both sides of the Pearl River were watching. Deng Tingzhen, Governor of Liangjiang River, Yi Liang, Governor of Guangdong Navy, Guan Tianpei and Yu Kun, the supervisor of Guangdong Customs, greeted them at the Guanting Pavilion.

As soon as Lin Zexu arrived in Guangzhou, he and Deng Tingzhen, Yi Liang, Guan Tianpei and Yu Kun discussed the plan to ban smoking day and night in his apartment. Lin Zexu put forward the policy of "cutting off the source of opium first", while secretly sending people to surround the foreign merchant museum to prevent a foreign merchant from escaping, and at the same time telling the bosses of thirteen foreign firms. The bosses of Shisanhang have been secretly helping foreign businessmen sell opium, leaking silver, communicating with Muzuo, spying on information, and getting rich from it. When I was summoned by an imperial envoy, I felt a catastrophe, and everyone was frightened. Wu Dunyuan, the leader of the gang, is willing to save his life with 50 million silver dollars. Lin Zexu said, "Your crimes should be punished according to law. Our minister will temporarily send your heads to the neck to see what will happen in the future." Lin Zexu asked them to go to the business hall immediately with an edict, ordered foreign businessmen to hand in cigarettes and make a statement, and limited them to make a statement within three days. Lin Zexu made it clear to foreign businessmen in the Imperial Invitation that, on the one hand, foreign businessmen must immediately hand over all the opium on the barge, and on the other hand, they must make a written contract that "opium will never be brought into the Qing Dynasty again".

After listening to the imperial edict, no foreign businessman was willing to hand over opium, and British businessmen even smashed cups and cursed: "This is blatant robbery. I want to tell the king of England that you openly robbed the goods of the British princes! "

Lin Zexu was furious after receiving the report from the boss of the foreign firm, and asked Yu Kun, the supervisor of Guangdong Customs, to issue a notice in the name of the customs to suspend all foreign applicants and all goods transactions. This time, foreign businessmen felt that a catastrophe was imminent. After repeated trials, I realized that Lin Zexu really didn't take bribes, and it was useless to delay denying it. Only then did Diandi and other British tobacco companies decide to collect 1037 boxes of opium and get away with it. They even attached a letter to the bill of payment to express their "protest" to the imperial envoys. British businessmen with the most opium are still secretly obstructing American businessmen who are willing to pay more opium.

The next day, Lin Zexu made a decisive decision and gave an order to push the habitual cigarette seller to the ground. In the afternoon, with the support of Deng Tingzhen and Yiliang, Lin Zexu officially issued an imperial edict to seal all the cabins of foreign ships and pay cigarettes within a time limit. In this regard, Yu Kun, the supervisor of Guangdong Customs, who was not active in banning smoking, hurriedly wrote a secret letter to Zhang Mu, the minister of the Ministry of War of the Qing Dynasty who opposed smoking, pointing out that Lin Zexu abused his power, arbitrarily advocated, sealed the cabin and sealed the city, and even usurped the right of the customs to suppress smuggling. At the same time, while guangzhou fu obeyed the imperial edict and seized land everywhere, the British Business Supervision Law in China received a copy of the imperial edict in Macau. He immediately ordered all British ships moored in the ocean to sail to Hong Kong, hung up the British flag, and put them under the protection of British warships to present masks to Deng Tingzhen, criticizing Lin Zexu's imperial post station as "a prelude to the upcoming and inevitable war, if not an open act of war", and said that all British businessmen would be evacuated from Guangzhou to counter Lin Zexu's smoking ban. Later, Yi Law came to Guangzhou from Macau in an attempt to protect British cigarette dealers from escaping. Chinese workers who stood guard around the business hall immediately put all the passages around the business hall under martial law after hearing the news. Yi Lu, Dian Di and others were frightened by the prestige of Guangzhou people's unity and fled to the commercial museum. At 9 o'clock that night, under the order of Lin Zexu, all China comprador and laborers in the business hall were evacuated. Tobacco dealers who are accustomed to the life of a "gentleman" suddenly fall into a life dilemma.

The law of justice has run out of skills, so I have to ask Lin Zexu: "The British people have about 20,283 boxes of opium, waiting for express inspection." The next day, Lin Zexu received the joint signature of businessmen from all over the world, that is, "Never bring opium to China again, because of this." . Cigarette payment finally got off to a good start.

However, the cunning righteous method reneged, and in the specific process of paying cigarettes, it was delayed again and again, and it was not until May of 18 that all opium was paid off.

On May 23rd, 16 people, including British opium traffickers, were immediately deported after being ordered to give a guarantee.

On May 24th, Yi Lu left Guangzhou for Macau with all the British people living in the business hall.

So far, the struggle between the China government represented by Lin Zexu and the British opium trafficking group represented by Yi Fa ended in the complete failure of the British invaders.

On June 3rd, 1839, with the consent of Daoguang, after careful preparation, Humen destroyed opium and began to shake the world!

Upon receiving the notice, Yu Kun, the inspector of Guangdong Customs who supervised and watched the first cigarette sale with Lin Zexu, an imperial envoy, expressed dissatisfaction with Lin Zexu's "usurping customs power to suppress smuggling". At this moment, he not only sighed: "In recent days, I have been thinking about this matter day and night. As an important official of the imperial court, anyone who still cares about the country and the people should be greatly moved by Lin Zexu's words and deeds. " "Lin Zexu, how kind, what a gentleman!"

Yi Li was also informed that he could go to Humen to watch the cigarette sale. From the moment he paid the cigarette, he didn't believe that Lin Zexu would really destroy opium. But when I learned the contents of the notice, I was dumbfounded and bowed my head.

The eradication of opium in Humen, which lasted for 20 days, pushed China people's struggle against foreign opium to a climax. However, the British bourgeoisie is not willing to fail. 1October18391kloc-0/day, the British cabinet meeting made a decision to launch a war of aggression against China in April 1840.