How to write a composition about future energy?

We cannot live without energy every day. Most cars running in the street are powered by gasoline or diesel, which is extracted from underground oil. Most cooking at home uses gas and natural gas.

According to estimates, the reserves of helium -3 on the moon are about 6.5438+10 million tons to 5 million tons, and some people even estimate that there are 500 million tons.

What if one day the underground oil, coal and natural gas are all mined out? Perhaps, in less than 100 years, the underground energy on the earth will be exhausted. At that time, because there was no electricity, the TV would not turn on, the air conditioner would not turn on, the computer would become waste, and even the lights would not turn on at night; Because there is no oil and coal resources, planes, trains, ships and cars can't move. In this way, we can only go to school by carriage or bike, and most of the time is at night.

It's dark, so I can only burn firewood for lighting when I do my homework at home at night.

Humans have been trying to find new alternative energy sources from solar energy, hydropower, wind energy and bioenergy. These energy sources are all important, but experts believe that they all have their own limitations. The energy flow density of solar energy is too low, and it changes greatly with day and night, sunny and rainy, and seasons, so it is difficult to become a large-scale industrial energy source, which can only meet family and some special needs; The growth rate of water energy can't keep up with the growth rate of energy consumption, which has an inestimable impact on ecology and biological chain; The resources and utilization of wind energy, geothermal energy and tidal energy also have their own limitations, which will play little role in the future energy development; Bio-energy is a kind of renewable energy that can be used on a large scale, but the regeneration speed can hardly keep up with the needs of energy consumption growth.

In recent years, scientists have found a considerable resource on the moon, which is no stranger to us-there is a considerable amount of helium -3 on the moon!

We can build a mining base on the moon and then send a space shuttle to transport it.

According to experts' calculation, if the lunar rock and soil with a depth of 3 meters is excavated and treated within the range of 10- 15 square kilometers, about 1 ton of helium -3 can be extracted, which is enough to ensure that a generator set with a power of 100000 kilowatts works 1 year. Burning 1 kg helium -3 can generate 19 MW of energy, which is enough to light Moscow for more than 6 years. Using the US space shuttle to transport back and forth, 20 tons of liquefied helium -3 can be transported back at a time, which can supply electricity to the United States for one year. China only needs about 10 tons of helium -3 every year, which can meet the annual energy demand. According to the current global energy demand level, one year 100 tons of helium -3 can meet the world's consumption, and it is enough to transport these helium -3 by space shuttle three or five times a year. According to this calculation, helium -3 on the moon can be used by the earth for thousands or even tens of thousands of years. What a huge resource this is!

Maybe one day, a base will really be built on the moon, which will continuously deliver energy to us. Let's work hard for this goal.

Hydrogen energy is considered as the most potential clean energy in 2 1 century, and people have been interested in the application of hydrogen energy since 200 years ago. Since 1970s, many countries and regions in the world have conducted extensive research on hydrogen energy.

There are many aspects of hydrogen energy utilization, some of which have been realized and some people are working hard. In order to achieve the goal of clean new energy, the utilization of hydrogen will flood all aspects of human life. We might as well briefly describe the main uses of hydrogen energy from ancient times to the present.

By 1928, the German Zeppelin Company used the huge buoyancy of hydrogen to build the world's first "LZ- 127 Zeppelin" airship, which transported people from Germany to South America for the first time, realizing the voyage of flying across the Atlantic in the air. After about ten years of operation, the voyage has exceeded 1.6 million kilometers, making 1.3 million people feel the taste of heaven. This is a miracle of hydrogen.

However, what is more advanced is that the United States used liquid hydrogen as fuel for supersonic and subsonic aircraft in the 1950s, thus converting the B57 twin-engine bomber into a hydrogen engine, and the hydrogen-powered aircraft was launched. Especially 1957, Gagarin, a former Soviet astronaut, traveled in space by man-made earth satellite and 1963, followed by 1968, the Apollo spacecraft, which achieved the first pioneering work of human landing on the moon. All this depends on the contribution of hydrogen fuel, and the utilization of hydrogen energy can drive it.

Using hydrogen instead of gasoline as fuel for automobile engines has been tested by many automobile companies such as Japan, the United States and Germany. The technology is feasible, and the main problem at present is the source of cheap hydrogen. Hydrogen is an efficient fuel, and the energy produced by hydrogen combustion per kilogram is 33.6 kWh, which is almost 2.8 times that of automobile combustion. Hydrogen combustion is not only high in calorific value, but also fast in flame propagation and low in ignition energy (easy to ignite), so the total fuel utilization efficiency of hydrogen-powered vehicles is 20% higher than that of gasoline vehicles. Of course, the main product of hydrogen combustion is water, and there are very few nitrogen oxides. There are absolutely no harmful components such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide that pollute the environment when gasoline is burned. Hydrogen car is the cleanest ideal means of transportation.

Burning hydrogen can generate electricity.

Large-scale power stations, whether hydropower, thermal power or nuclear power, send the generated electricity to the power grid, which then transmits it to users. However, the load of various users is different, and the power grid is sometimes a peak and sometimes a trough. In order to adjust the peak load, it is often necessary to start the fast and flexible power stations in the power grid, and hydrogen power generation is most suitable to play this role.

The newer hydrogen power generation method is hydrogen fuel cell. This is a device that uses hydrogen and oxygen (entering the air) to directly generate electric energy through electrochemical reaction. In other words, it is also the reverse reaction of hydrogen and oxygen produced by water electrolyzer. Since 1970s, Japan, the United States and other countries have intensified their research on various fuel cells, and now they have entered into commercial development. Japan has established a 10,000-kilowatt fuel cell power station, and more than 30 manufacturers in the United States are developing fuel cells. More than 20 companies from Germany, Britain, France, the Netherlands, Denmark, Italy and Austria have also invested in the research of fuel cells, which has attracted the attention of the world.

The simplicity of the fuel cell lies in that it directly converts the chemical energy of the fuel into electric energy without combustion, the energy conversion efficiency can reach 60%-80%, the pollution and noise are small, and the device can be large or small, which is very flexible. At first, this kind of power generation device was very small and expensive, and was mainly used for space power supply. Now the price has been greatly reduced and gradually turned to ground applications. The power generation efficiency can exceed 60%. At present, many countries are studying it, which is suitable for building large-scale power stations. Westinghouse is developing, and it is estimated that the cost of power generation will be less than 20 cents per kWh.

In addition, there are several types of fuel cells, such as alkaline fuel cells, which work at about 200℃ and have a power generation efficiency as high as 60%, and do not use precious metals as catalysts. Sweden has developed a 200 kW device for submarines. The earliest small fuel cell used on the Apollo spacecraft in the United States is called American, which is actually an ion exchange membrane fuel cell. Its power generation efficiency is as high as 75%, and its working temperature is lower than 100℃, but pure oxygen must be used as oxidant. Later, the United States developed fuel cells for hydrogen-powered vehicles. It is feasible to charge hydrogen for 300 kilometers at a time, and the speed can reach 100 kilometers per hour. This is a reversible proton exchange membrane fuel cell with the highest power generation efficiency of 80%.

The ideal fuel of fuel cell is hydrogen, because it is the reverse reaction of hydrogen production by electrolysis. The main purpose of fuel cell is not only to establish a fixed power station, but also to be especially suitable for mobile power supply and vehicle and boat power supply, so it is also the twin brother of hydrogen energy utilization in the future.

It is convenient to use hydrogen at home.

With the development of hydrogen production technology and the lack of fossil energy, hydrogen energy utilization will enter families sooner or later, first of all, developed cities, and it can be delivered to thousands of households through hydrogen pipelines like city gas. Each user uses a metal hydride storage tank to store hydrogen, and then connects the kitchen range, bathroom, hydrogen refrigerator, air conditioner, etc. Respectively connected with automobile hydrogen charging equipment in the garage. People's lives depend on a hydrogen energy pipeline, which can replace gas, heating and even electricity pipelines, and even the gas station of cars is omitted. Such a clean and convenient hydrogen energy system will create a comfortable living environment for people and reduce many complicated affairs.

Under the pressure of global resources and environment, developed countries have been fully developing new energy and circular economy. I once said in the article "Sustainable Development and Civilization Transformation" that the development of new energy (clean and rich energy such as hydrogen energy, solar energy and wind energy) and the development of circular economy (resource recycling, zero waste and zero emission) in developed countries are pushing human civilization to a new stage of transformation. Whoever succeeds in the earliest transformation will be the master of the future. The key to the transformation is to explore the "ecological technology road". New energy and circular economy are the core of ecological science and technology. China was originally a latecomer of traditional industrial civilization. If you are late, you will be beaten. During the period from 1840 to 1949, China was bullied by the great powers, and its interior was in chaos. Now, we can't fall behind again on the road of eco-industrial civilization, otherwise the tragic history of broadsword against cannon will repeat itself. Imagine if others use solar-powered planes and hydrogen-powered cars, while our planes and cars still use oil that consumes and pollutes the environment. How can such national strength compare with others? If the developed countries make a fundamental breakthrough in energy structure and circular economy technology and decide to abandon the old industrial economy technology and turn to a new ecological economy technology, then all the economic achievements we have made over the years at a very high environmental cost will become a joke. Some people call traditional industrial civilization "civilization from cradle to grave", because traditional industrial civilization has turned the cradle of life into the grave of life. Some people call the emerging eco-industrial civilization "from the grave to the cradle" because it abandons the scientific and technological form against nature and adopts the scientific and technological form in harmony with nature, thus opening a richer and more harmonious era. A certain scientific and technological system points to a certain range of resources. Traditional industrial civilization technology points to scarce, polluted and unsustainable resources, while eco-industrial civilization technology points to rich, clean and sustainable resources. Around the development of circular economy and new energy, we should construct new ethics, new system and new culture in China, and make China's mode of production, lifestyle and social management more and more ecological. This is the truly sustainable modernization of China in the future. In order to be responsible for the Chinese nation, for human beings, for environmental protection and sustainable development, human science and technology must go beyond the traditional scientific and technological model of industrial civilization, and human science and technology must develop the scientific and technological model of ecological industrial civilization. This is a common cause and an arduous cause that our generation has to undertake.

Possible human resources:

Nuclear energy, solar energy, tidal energy, geothermal energy, wind energy and so on!

What is still being experimented is the sun made by human beings themselves! New energy vehicles are the development direction of the future automobile industry. New energy vehicles have developed rapidly in recent years, but their share in the whole automobile consumption market is still relatively small, mainly concentrated in developed countries and regions such as Europe and America. If the market of developing countries can be effectively developed, the new energy automobile industry will usher in a broader development space.

As a new type of energy obtained by high-tech means, nuclear energy has unique advantages and is expected to become a substitute for fossil energy. One of the ways to solve the energy crisis in the future is to use nuclear energy. With the construction of Yangjiang nuclear power project in Guangdong and Qinshan nuclear power plant expansion project in Zhejiang with a total investment of 95.5 billion yuan, nuclear power plant construction has entered a new era.

Wind power generation is the most promising renewable energy source for large-scale industrialization in China. Wind power generation in China has developed rapidly in the past ten years, but the overall scale is still very small, and its contribution to the national energy supply is very small. At present, the country is promoting the localization of large-scale wind power equipment to reduce the cost of wind power and enhance industrial competitiveness. Solar-hydrogen energy conversion

Hydrogen energy is an advanced energy source. Solar energy can be converted into hydrogen energy by decomposing water or other means, that is, solar energy produces hydrogen. The main methods are as follows: solar energy is the most important energy to maintain the development and reproduction of the earth.

There are many ways to use it.

Such as solar water heaters, solar cars. Solar cells provide heat energy, light energy and photosynthesis of plants for the earth. As we all know, solar energy is an inexhaustible huge energy source. Using sunlight to provide energy for human beings will solve the increasingly tense energy crisis on the earth.

Humans can use solar energy in various ways and methods. The most basic thing is to realize the conversion between light and heat, light and electricity.

Photothermal conversion is a way for human beings to directly collect solar energy. The conversion device is basically divided into two types: flat plate collector and condensing collector. The former is that the sun shines directly on the black rough surface to get hot, the latter is focused by a mirror or lens to generate heat, and the latter is focused by a mirror or lens to generate heat, such as a solar house. The solar energy on the roof is installed on the heat collecting plate made of thin iron sheet, and the heat collecting plate is heated by the sun, and the light becomes heat. When air flows under the heat collecting plate, it can take away heat. If necessary, it can be sent to the room for heating through the air duct.

Another way is photoelectric conversion. Solar energy is directly converted into electric energy through photoelectric equipment. The most common photoelectric device is silicon battery. The principle is that the silicon crystal material releases electrons under the irradiation of light, which is the photoelectric effect. Calculators, radios, cars and even satellites all use this silicon solar cell. Solar energy resources. Solar energy is the most important energy source on the earth. However, most of its energy cannot reach the surface through the earth's atmosphere. How to make full use of solar energy is a scientific research topic for scientists. The most abundant energy in space is inexhaustible solar energy, and the space solar power station is to maximize the use of solar energy. The big object in the upper left of the picture is a device that directly converts solar energy into electric energy. This device is generally formed by diffusing and infiltrating a thin layer of boron into a small piece of N-type silicon single crystal to obtain a PN junction and adding electrodes. When sunlight directly shines on a thin electrode, an electromotive force will be generated between the two electrodes. There are two basic ways of solar power generation, one is photoelectric conversion, that is, sunlight is directly converted into electric energy, which is called "photovoltaic power generation"; One is to gather solar energy, generate high temperature, and then convert thermal energy into electrical energy, which is called "thermal power generation". At present, the device widely used in "photovoltaic power generation" is "solar panel", which has been widely used in space objects such as satellites. The development and utilization of solar energy has the advantages of unlimited reserves, universality, clean development and utilization, and gradually emerging economy. It is an effective way to finally solve the problems of energy shortage, environmental pollution and greenhouse effect caused by conventional energy, especially fossil energy, and it is an ideal alternative energy for human beings. At present, solar energy development and utilization technology and its popularization and application are advancing by leaps and bounds. 1997, global solar's battery sales increased by 40%, making it the fastest growing energy source in the world. Solar water heater has formed an industry, which is constantly impacting the gas and electric water heater market with its excellent cost performance. Solar thermal power plants have also been commercialized, which is the hope of large solar power plants; The development of photoelectric technology is faster, which is manifested in the continuous improvement of photoelectric conversion efficiency, the continuous decline of photovoltaic cell manufacturing cost and the advent of various new solar cells. Solar power generation has great potential, and the solar cell industry will make great achievements. In the solar power generation system, the most technically complex component should belong to the solar cell. It can be said that solar cell is the core of solar power generation system, and its research and production directly affect the popularization and development of solar power generation.

New energy, also known as unconventional energy, refers to various forms of energy other than traditional energy, including solar energy, wind energy, biomass energy, nuclear energy, geothermal energy, hydrogen energy and ocean energy. China successfully drilled "combustible ice" in the northern South China Sea, which is the best alternative energy for oil and natural gas. It is preliminarily predicted that the prospective resources can reach tens of tons of oil equivalent. Abundant "combustible ice" has been drilled in the South China Sea, and 1 m3 can be released 164 m3 of natural gas, which will be used as an important new standby energy source in China.