Business introduction of autonomous city

During the period from Boluo to Qianlong, Hu Shao, the magistrate of Huaiyuan County, rented money to rebuild the city of Boluobao, and the urban construction reached a certain scale. There is a street in the north and south of the city, and the north is high and the middle is flat. There are two floors in the north and south of the street, with Yuhuang Pavilion in the north and Sanguan Building in the south. There is a hole downstairs for pedestrians and horses to go in and out. There are stone tablets in the south and wooden archways in the north, which add interest to the streets. There are many pavements on the east and west sides, and there are stone steps in front of them, which can provide a place for business travelers to rest. The middle length of the street is10-12m. This street is narrow but neat. There are many houses in the north of the street, which is the place where the news was sent by the former dynasty.

1. Pawnshops are everywhere, divided into upper and lower pawnbrokers. For example, in Sanguanlou Lane, the pawnshop will always be a pawnshop. Existing intact, wide courtyard, shed, as a stage, as a kiln, the main entrance leaning against the wall. In particular, the entrance is engraved with a big word "dang", one meter square, which is very eye-catching as soon as you enter the door. This is a complete monument. Pawnshop is divided into two parts, the one on the left is Heng Shun Dang, the other on the right is Tian Shun Dang, and the other is Heng J Qing Dang. It was opened by Cao Gong's grandfather Cao Linxiang, and now his descendant Cao Zhankuan lives in the quadrangle intact. In the seventh year of Tongzhi, Cao Gong rebelled in the west and was killed in Leixia Liangzhuang. In 9 years of the Republic of China (1920), Wei Zebao, the son of Wei Xiuwen, was a rich man in Hengshan County. After his father, he opened in Polo and Deheng was stationed in the pawnshop. For example, Borodu took Erkesi as its surname and set up Hengshundang in Dongguan, Hengshan County. This pawnshop was bought by Bai Haishan, a local resident, and then by Bai, director of the Second Intermediate People's Court of Yulin City. Pawnshops are people who are short of money. They store clothes and valuables at a discount and pay interest on time. If they don't pay back the money when it is due, the things they have saved will belong to the Danggui pawnshop.

2.Polo Castle has offices, and hotels include Fuxing, Changxing, Tianyou, Yongyuan, Tianyiheng, Yongtai, Tongshunhe, Hengtai Pavilion and Hengsheng Pavilion. Yishengge was opened by my father. The above pawnshop is yongfu temple, Bailiangou Village. In the tenth year of Yongzheng in Qing Dynasty, the Niumawang Palace was built and copied under the name of giving alms and stone carvings. Qian Boluobao is the rich man of the Deng family in Xiangshui. Wang Jiakai, a wharf in Longquan, Polo, Yuanchangmei. The shopkeepers of rich people are all surnamed Wang, such as Wang Deren, the father of Wang Shengshu, a retired teacher from Polo Middle School, and Wang Deheng, the father of Wang Shenglin, chairman of Hengshan County People's Congress. Both of them were Yuan Changmei's men before liberation. I remember 1947, when the independent camp retired from Boluo in the spring, Wang Deheng and I both went to lift the frame to send the wounded, and sent the wounded of the independent camp to Gaolou Village in Xiangshui Township one day and one night. There are Yongxing Long, Yongchang Lei, Fuyichang, Wan Li Sheng and Fushengkui. Chang Yongsheng, for example, wrote his first couplet: Camels bring goods from all corners of the country, Wumart attracts customers from all directions, and the three rivers flow in parallel. Meilian's business is booming. In the Qing Dynasty, all the larger companies in Polo City owned their own camels (ships in the desert). Before liberation, Chang Yongsheng also raised more than 30 camels, used camels to transport goods, crossed the Yellow River eastward, went to Liulin Fenyang Taiyuan, Datong, Yunlai Department Store, Xinghua Village Liquor, left Jingbian, went west to Lanzhou, Ningxia, and returned to Gansu. Produced hookah, Ganzi tobacco, black cow king, tide tobacco and so on. South to Guanzhong, Sichuan and Zhengzhou, Xi 'an, pulling cotton satin, fine porcelain in Jingdezhen, Jiangxi, and Sichuan tea. Baotou Tianjin of Peking University brought foreign goods. Fort Polo brought fur cashmere, whole grains beans, saline-alkali and other local products. Export to all parts of the world.

3. Qianpu, in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the main market transaction was silver and copper coins, and Qianpu was the place where silver and copper coins were exchanged. Since Polo's self-built fort opened, there has been a money exchange bank. It can't be verified that during the Republic of China, Bai Haishan, a Yi nationality, opened a "Tongshengchang" money house with a surname and several employees. Silver is divided into gold ingots, silver sleeves, treasury and copper coins, and silver dollars were issued in the late Qing Dynasty (7. 15). Yuanbao has Taikoo Bao 50 taels, silver sleeve 10 taels. There are different amounts of money in the national treasury, which people call silver drops. There are two kinds of copper coins: large plate and small plate. The most popular is that Kangxi and Bao Tong called the green money board big and of good quality. Kangxi Ma Qian has a kind of money called Shi Qian. When I was a child, I loved playing with teachers' money. There are 20 words in the order, first big and then small, and there are big and small when playing. The word is "Fu Lin Dongjiang, Xuanyuan Sujichang, Ninghe Guangzhe, Taigui Zhang Yun, Shaanxi." These 20 words may represent the names of the provinces under the jurisdiction of the Qing Dynasty.

4. Silversmith's shops: There are more than ten professional shops, and the silverware jewelry in Boluobao is relatively prosperous for two reasons. First of all, silverware is the main ornament of women in the old society and a necessity for marriage. Second, Boluo is close to Mongolia, and Mongolian women are most particular about wearing silverware and jewelry. In particular, Wushenqi came to Boluo Silver Smith's shop every year through border people to order, or personally came to Boluo City to choose their own supplies every autumn and winter, and the silversmith's shop continued until. My grandfather Zhang Dechang started as a silversmith in primary school and later opened a silversmith shop. When I was a child, I still kept silversmith's tools, drawing boards, iron needles and other things at home. I heard that a limekiln, a craftsman related to the silversmith, said that there was a cellar of borax buried in my house and I couldn't find it. It is said that the smelting of silver is inseparable from borax, which may be a chemical element. Before the liberation of Polo, there were eight silversmiths' shops, including Bai Hanzhong (whose son Bai Churong was an expert in water conservancy and soil conservation) and Du Sanmao (a peaceful resident, who was killed by shells when the Fifth Brigade hit Polo). Fourth Master Su, Wa and Niu San (whose father Niu Qi was one of the ten brothers of Xinhai) were martyred after the defeat. ) and the goldsmith in Yulin. Silversmith was really a popular industry at that time, and now no one in Boluo knows the craftsmanship of silversmith. Only the descendants of Zhang Sangao and Wu Yangsuo, Boluo people who flowed into Hengshan County, may learn silversmith skills.

5. Oil mill: Before liberation, hemp seed was the main edible vegetable oil in northern Shaanxi. Edible lighting is a daily necessity. Local farmers use small pots to boil oil, which is labor-consuming and time-consuming, and cannot meet the market demand. Polo is located at the junction of Mongolia and China, which is suitable for planting hemp seeds in a large area outside the mouth. Therefore, every year, the output of small hemp seeds is very large and the resources are rich. Small edible oil can't keep up with the demand, and large frying oil is used to produce more high-quality oil, which is time-saving and scientific. As a central business district, Polo naturally has many oil houses. There are Wanli Sheng Nan Oil Mill and Hengshun Palace Cao Liangcai Oil Mill in the city. Liangjiayuan Liangyangying Oil Workshop and Zhanglou Oil Workshop (in the kiln). There are two oil houses in Ximentan outside Ximen, and the high oil house is double-beam and double-extrusion. At first, an oil bundle was nearly one meter thick and 7-8 meters long. Such wood is hard to find at the scene and has to be transported far away. The traffic conditions were inconvenient at that time. It is time-consuming and expensive to transport the oil beam back. The oil mill is very big and heavy, and it needs a western stone mill. Western stones were shipped from Helan Mountain in Ningxia. The cost is high, (the local sand mill is of poor quality and cannot be used). The person who runs the oil room needs a boss with strong funds. A large number of sesame seeds in Montaigne were transported to Boluo to extract oil, and the oil mill business was once booming.

6, the mill, the military and civilians in the city have to eat white flour, and people can't keep up with the needs. Using animals to grind can reduce manpower. Handmade radish noodles. Switch to pedal to save time. Step on radish, make a wooden cabinet, hang radish (or brick) and put a stake. It's faster to step on radish noodles with your feet than with your hands. One day, each mill pushes two buckets of wheat, which is about 70-80 Jin of wheat from the fifth watch to 12 noon to the end of 1 noon. More than 50 kilograms of flour was produced, and more than a dozen mills in Polo City fed animals, mules, horses and donkeys, and so on. This process continued for generations of Polos. In particular, War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression Huwu was stationed in Polo, and the team transformed itself with wheat and mills handed over by farmers. Poirot earns money by eating bran. Nowadays, modern machine mills have replaced stone mills, and the original stone mills and mills have become monuments.

7.Polo powder house is located in sandy soil geology and suitable for growing beans. Beans are widely planted in southern mountainous areas, especially Daming mung bean has the highest yield. In winter, Boluo people push mung beans to make noodles. People eat paddles, pigs eat dregs, and most people can process vermicelli. Make vermicelli with white gourd ladle and hedge, the thickness and width are all chosen by people. Alum is added to noodles to make vermicelli, which is of high quality and delicious. Boluo vermicelli is sold in Inner Mongolia, Yan 'an, Ding Jing and other places. Bean powder is used to make bean jelly, which is tender, compact and delicious, and can relieve summer heat, clear heat and detoxify. Rice noodle paste has more local characteristics, and you can never get tired of eating it. As the saying goes, rice noodle paste is "a poor pawnbroker" because it can be mixed with precious food and tastes more delicious.

8. Tofu Shop, the water in Borough is good, especially the spring water in Shuimengou, which is warm in winter and cool in summer. Tofu is of good quality, white and compact, and the painting is not bad. For example, the tofu made by the Takang family in the old temple and the Xue family in the south gate is very famous, and the stinky tofu made by General Pan in the Qing Dynasty was also very famous. The dried bean curd made by Bai Guanghui during the Republic of China was a mature dish to drink. It is for this reason that tofu is useful. When the business is over, there are some goods left. If you can't sell them, you will be poor. Boluo Wu Ying has a large population and a large consumption. More than a dozen people make tofu.

9. Vinegar sauce shops, noodle shops, steamed stuffed bun shops, braised chicken, cold cakes, steamed buns with yellow rice, spread yellow cakes, pancakes, glutinous rice cakes, buckwheat, stewed mutton and other local snacks all have their own flavors, such as the vinegar sauce shop in Leidengdi, the noodle shop in Fushengkui Xue Genshan, the steamed buns with white flour in Zhang Zhongyi, and the oil of the old rich man.

10, sugar shop: opened in winter, using millet malt as sugar, including sweet sugar, sesame sugar, soybean sugar, syrup, etc. During the Republic of China, there were Zhang Zhitang (my father), Liao Chang 'an and Su Niu. Every year on the 23rd of the twelfth lunar month, every Boluo family would buy rice candy for the kitchen god to eat and paste his mouth. Because on the 23rd of the twelfth lunar month, the new chef arrived and the old chef went to heaven. Women attach the most importance to this festival, fearing that they have offended Mr. Kitchen in their daily life and told the gods about themselves. Syrup can discolor the sauce, and vinegar sauce can't be made without syrup. Rice candy is full of basic sugar. My father Zhang Zhitang is famous for opening a candy store in Polo. At the age of fourteen, he was hired as a sugar teacher by Wang of Hengshan County.

1 1, drugstore: Polo Youwanshengtang, Fuhengyong, Yongtaide. Wanshengtang opened the shopkeeper Kang Siming and extended it to the Republic of China. His own capital invited Dr. Zhang from Henan to feel the pulse and prescribe medicine. Wanshengtang has a couplet: medicine cures diseases.

China has relatives everywhere, no matter where.

When the spring breeze comes, it is full of flowers, but it smells of patchouli.

Fu Hengyong Polo Wu Zijiang Kai, (Wu Kezeng's father). Yongtaide Pharmacy was opened by Boluo people on the border of Zheng Jiang, and it continued until the establishment of the joint clinic after liberation. Later, he was transferred to the hospital in Boluo District. The old Chinese doctor Bian Weizhen Hengshan and Inner Mongolia are both famous. Now he is 83 years old and can still feel the doctor's pulse. He never said that he was tired. Although he is ill in bed, he doesn't mind.

12, Pifang: Due to the convenient source of leather at the border with Inner Mongolia, the cattle and sheep leather processing industry has a special leather workshop. Boluo people are blind (because people with eye problems are called blind) and the father of Han Shaoyu. In Zhang Maolin during the Republic of China, several Feng Qisheng families made leather goods, animal heads, saddles and pimps. Shoemakers in municipalities all know how to make their own leather. By the time of the Republic of China, shoemakers such as,, Feng Qisheng and Xue had made their own spikes.

Sheepskin processing is more common. In the past, Huaiyuan people wore fur coats in winter. As the saying goes, "you can't live without a big leather coat during the day and night." It's raining on cloudy days, the hair is facing outwards, and the lice bite off the wall and bask in the sun. " Ten households and nine households are like this at night. Every village has cobblers and professionals running in the fields. They do leather work all year round. Most of them go home to farm and go out to make leather goods during the slack season. Winter is a busy season for cobblers. Most of them go home to farm and generally go to the village to stir and sew skins. People on both sides of the Wuding River are familiar with leather. Attached here is a song about the three tours of a court official in the Qing Dynasty. One of the first seven strokes reads: "No fur, I often wear it all year round and refuse to lose it." No need for gauze, brown shirt is durable, trouser legs are wide and thick, and clothes are ragged, so I will make do. There is no blanket to cover the bedding, so we put a hook on the silk and satin. "This poem illustrates the scene of our Huaiyuan people at that time. When I was a child, I went to Xiangshui Normal School. I only took a broken coat as bedding, and now I have no luggage.

13. Dyeing room: Because there are many merchants in Boluo Castle, white cloth is shipped from far away, and needs to be processed locally and dyed into various colors for sale, including blue cloth, Sulan cloth and so on. Wang Jicheng, a native of Wangping Town, opened a dyehouse in Boluo in the Qing Dynasty. In the Revolution of 1911, he was the head of Boluo Society. He founded ten brothers to overthrow Manchu, killed the garrison and founded the Republic of China. Unfortunately, he was killed by Xiang Yong's encirclement and suppression. One is Li Hongbin, a native of Shamaogou with black wood, who runs a dyehouse in Boluo, and there is also a dyehouse in Wu Ye.

14. Grain store: there are several people in Boluobao Grain Store, and one barrel is prepared for each barrel. Both buyers and sellers will collect taxes across barrels (for barrel damage). There is almost no arable land in Polo, and most of the food sources are provided by farmers in Heimutouchuan. Farmers in several villages specialize in selling grain for a living, such as Caijiagou, Ji Guo Fushan, Dongshangou, Shamaogou, Zhuangzi people in Wanjiaya, Wangshumaogou, Baijiawan and other places. They drove donkeys or mules from the fifth watch to Dianshi, and Hanchaji bought grain and sold it in Polo City. In the cold winter, there is nothing wrong with the party, and all the meetings will come. Farmers in the north of Wuding River transport naked oats, meat and eggs, farmers in several ditches transport rice and spring wheat, and farmers in Erke, Shahe, Zhuanyaogou, Longquan Dun and other places. Boluo soldiers and civilians have sufficient food sources. Most Boluo people don't farm and live by tricks. So there are many Boluo grain stores, which make a rectangular wooden barrel and box with a length of one meter, and put all kinds of grain for users to choose from. It's not wrong for poor families to eat a ton and buy three in one and two in one. Those who smoke foreign cigarettes go to the grain store with oil bottles 125 to buy oil. The staff of the grain store don't have to bother, and the poor live a charcoal life.

15. Shop: Boluobao is along the Wuding River, east to the Yellow River, west to Ningxia, south to Suiyan and north to Inner Mongolia. Businessmen often come back to Ximentan to defect to Han people of all ethnic groups. The Lijiadian in Ximentan was opened by several generations and spread to Li Zhaohai as a shopkeeper in the Republic of China. Now her daughter, Li Zhulan, lives in the Lijiadian of that year. In the previous dynasty, Yan Liu (Yan Liu is the son of Yan Shouling of the previous dynasty) at the bottom of the temple was introduced to the mule shop. There are people in the shop every day and guests every night. Grass, forage and livestock are tied to the trough, and people call them horses, which makes the shop prosperous. Before liberation, the mayor of Polo, Ray Wu Keren, opened a shop called Jirentai. There are shops on Sanma Road, Sima Road and Wuma Road outside the Great Wall.

16, Xue Fang: Before the Qing Dynasty, there were no public schools in Boluo City, but there were private schools for teaching. For example, the generations of Boluo Lei Jia are Ye Gong, Gu Lei and Bian Gu. They all run private schools, recruit apprentices and collect tuition fees to make a living. In winter, I went to various rural areas to teach winter books, and invited teachers such as Wu Zijun, Lei An, Yan Shu and Lei Ba from Boluo. Followed by temple culture, apprentice teaching of polo monks, teaching Buddhist music and so on. In the Republic of China 14, Polo founded the third complete primary school, which suffered several disasters and revived several times. Up to now, the number of teachers and students in primary and secondary schools has grown to more than 2,400.

17, Theater: Polo has had a music building since the Ming Dynasty. The masses organized their own music classes and engaged in music for free. By the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, some people had organized a troupe. Mainly Jin opera. Rehearsal in winter and acting in summer. My great-grandfather Zhang Yin plays the leading role in this opera. I can play the erhu, and follow my classes all year round. In winter, I rehearse in my own kiln in Boluo Leishaliang, which is used by my teacher's family (Shanxi people) to eat in winter. He earns his salary by rehearsing and pays for it. The next year, he opened the stage and buckled it. In the Republic of China, he pushed the troupe to Su Niu. Hu Wulai Polo established the Shaanxi Opera Troupe. After liberation, Hengshan County Shaanxi Opera Troupe was established.

18, Tobacco Bureau: Since the Opium War, foreign tobacco has been widely planted in China, especially in northern Shaanxi. Wuding River is more common in north and south. The folk song "foreign fireworks are fried with fruit stuffing, foreign cigarettes are hung off the shelf, and fur coats are rotten." There are many opium addicts in every village, and there are also many cigarette shops in Gupolo. For example, a cigarette shop wrote a couplet: "Shenxianju" with a horizontal eyebrow.

The smell of incense went down my throat, and I was numb. Opium smokers feel refreshed and excited. Long-term smoking will make you depressed, skinny and expensive. Most smokers will be defeated, bankrupt and destroyed. For example, Feng Zongrong, a shoemaker in Polo City, sold his wife to Shanxi people in the year of 18. How old the boy was left at home, everyone cried. Another example is Wu Keren of Boluo City (now Grandpa Wu, a middle school teacher in Boluo), who smoked foreign cigarettes and sold his two biological daughters to Shanxi and one son to Mongols. Before liberation, blacksmith Guo, a native of Yulin, smoked, sold his only eldest daughter to Erke Village as a child bride, and finally sold his wife to Boluo people. Now living in Chengchuan, Inner Mongolia, he has four sons. Blacksmith Guo has long since disappeared. This kind of thing happens in every village.

In the twenty-third year of the Republic of China (1934), opium seedlings were eradicated, and smoking was strengthened, which eventually disappeared after liberation. There are also cigarettes that are not hidden in Gansu. The hookah is called "Black Cow King" Ganzi cigarette, which is cheap and hidden with small packages of white stripes. Cigarettes are a big selling point of polo.

19, gambling hall: It turns out that since the first month of each year, the whole city has started to gamble freely, with adults playing cards, playing bright and dark treasures, throwing dice, pushing Pai Jiu and pressing mahjong tiles for single and double. The dolls cut money, throw away yards (small copper coins), pat dry and set the clock. After February 2 nd, gambling was banned in the city and moved to the moat outside the south gate. In case of singing opera in the city in the future, officials will gamble to set up a financial office, draw the middle finger, cover the gambling tax, tie up the financial office, and cover the "Chinese capital" as the expenses of public singing opera. So it attracted tourists from all directions, and people came to gamble. For example, someone wrote a couplet to the casino: if you are lucky, try your luck and float money. Some are jubilant, most are ashamed, and some commit suicide by hanging themselves and may not be able to go home.

20. Prostitution: There are no specialized brothels in the district, and most of them are semi-public prostitutes. Locals call prostitutes "daughter-in-law", such as daughter-in-law Zhang, daughter-in-law Li, daughter-in-law He and daughter-in-law Si. The place where prostitutes are concentrated is called rotten yard. Someone posted a couplet to the rotten house: "Men and women flirt every day, and you miss me every month." Shy eyebrows are "love karma".

Industry and mining

2 1, the Boluowa Kiln Porcelain Factory, which existed before the Ming and Qing Dynasties, is also famous for its exquisite craftsmanship and complete varieties, such as vats, tanks, Longtan, pots, dishes, spoons, water pipes, flowerpots, tiles, glazed tiles needed by temples, etc. In the old society, smoking opium can be done with a few centimeters of small porcelain gourd. There are all kinds of porcelain bottles filled with oil, and the porcelain products are exported to Inner Mongolia, Jingxi, Huachi, Ningxia, Yan 'an and other places. It is well received by people everywhere. Among the porcelain makers, the surname Liu is the most, and they used to operate by hand. Before liberation, there were Liu, Liu Denghuai. Liu Dengxiang, who is now 89 years old, is called Liu Bogu. As long as he sees it, he can do anything. He is a versatile porcelain craftsman. People are very lively and have many jokes. Polo women became sworn and cursed "meeting Liu Dengxiang when leaving the south gate", which became a famous local joke. He has a first wife and a first wife, and he likes to laugh and prosper. People around make fun of Liu Dengxiang, a big ball, don't they? Only his two wives know, and everyone else has heard of it.

22. Xiangfang: In the culture of Boluo Temple, people believe in superstitious activities such as ghosts and gods. They use incense on holidays, worship God in temples, offer incense according to God at weddings and funerals, and use incense to clear witches and cure diseases. Especially during the Chinese New Year, incense should be burned from the night of the 30 th to the end of the next day, once a month, three times in the morning and evening, and the dragon rises in the second day of February. There are many gods, such as the land god, the family god, the door god, the kitchen god, the dragon crushing god, the circle god and so on. You can't lack incense, you can't offend the gods, it will bring disaster to the world. So I used a lot of incense. In the north of the Wuding River in Boluobao, universities, colleges and universities use natural water sources and favorable conditions on the stone side to set up wooden wheels to polish several places, which is much more advanced than manual polishing. Water mill pushes wood, elm bark, cypress trees, and pushes them into powder. Stir together and make incense by hand. There are three kinds of incense: upper, middle and lower. Good incense is called top grade, and the aromatherapy medicine made of cedar is very fragrant and expensive. The middle one is called double material, the rod is thick and long, the price is medium, the lower one is called double material, and the skin is narrow. The material cost is the lowest and the price is low. But the sales volume is large. Erke is very famous and exported to Inner Mongolia, Xihuachi and northern Shaanxi. During the period of the Republic of China, Siwu mutton fragrant workshop was very famous. Villagers worship God and burn incense, and never spare money.

23. Coal mines: The Baltic Sea region has been rich in coal resources since ancient times. It can be said that coal is everywhere, and it is difficult to exploit groundwater. However, coal is a necessary burning resource for people's lives, and human beings will always try their best to exploit the land. Therefore, there is no fixed river beach in Boluoyihe village, and there are many small coal mines. For example, in 1950, the Boluo district government sent Si Yinshan, the head of the organization, to unite with Liu and others in Hebei District to organize migrant workers to dig coal and ditch and drain water in the Yi River beach. At that time, I was sent to attend. At the same time, Wang Changmao, a farmer from Niwan, Shanghai, was alive at the age of 89, and Zhang Zhenyu from Liujiagou Village was alive at the age of 75, digging ditches and draining water at the Qinhekou of Yihe Beach. Digging about 4 meters deep, the hole of the old coal mine appeared. We used cowhide bags to draw water, and then we used wheelbarrow to wring the water, and dug up the mud in the old kiln. We go in to collect zero carbon from the carbon column, and I use a wicker frame to transport coal. Now Yihe state-owned coal mine has opened the No.1 well on this basis. When I opened the No.2 well, I pumped water from the coal mine plug with a cowhide bag. Now, mechanized water pumps and pumps have replaced cowhide bags for weightlifting. At that time, charcoal wool was the most bitter and miserable, living in hell. As the saying goes, "Buried Cinderpelt didn't die." It's true. It was all local farmers who dug charcoal at the beginning. How many lives did they spend digging charcoal in their spare time? Now the charcoal wool is called workers, mechanized coal mining, complete facilities, safe and reliable. The safety of coal mining is more guaranteed. It turns out that Yijiahe, Gao Jiagou, Songjiawa and Huaishumao are all small coal mines, and these Zhuang people have been digging charcoal for generations. With blood and sweat, with life for the prosperity of future generations, towards a bright road of progress, clear water and black charcoal is the treasure of the castle.

24. Smelting: There is no smelter in Polo, but there are four temples in Polo, all with iron flagpoles, a pair of old temples, a pair of city god temples, a pair of mother temples and a pair of ancestral temples. Each flagpole is 7-8 meters high and 10-20 cm thick, and an iron lion sits at the bottom, weighing more than one ton. Polo's reclining Buddha is 3 meters long. The Bell Tower Mountain and the Big Iron Bell are both heavy. At that time, it was impossible to transport them from far away. They are definitely local actors. Without smelting equipment and casting technology, it is impossible. There are also the Jade Emperor Building, the Jade Emperor bronze statue and the Sanguan Building bronze statue. Eight bronze statues are very big and heavy, and it is difficult to transport them from far away. It can also be cast in situ, such as 1958 steelmaking. I led migrant workers to mine stones in Lower Laney Bay. One kilometer below Xialanniwan, a ditch was turned over on the upper side of the highway and a hole with a depth of 300-400 meters was found. We collect ore in it and use tulou to extract pig iron. So I guess Boluo had smelting industry in a certain dynasty, but it disappeared because of insufficient mineral resources.

25. Blacksmiths, carpenters, plasterers, lathers (tinkers), craftsmen and shops are all located in Polo City. Because of the prosperity of polo, the population of agriculture, industry and soldiers has increased, and all kinds of craftsmen can't leave. Blacksmiths and farmers need farm tools all year round, workers need tools, barracks need weapons, and prison history needs torture devices. Polo has no iron raw materials, all of which are shipped from neighboring Shanxi. Generally, camels only bring in a few iron bars, which is time-consuming, laborious and expensive. Another method is to collect wrought iron from broken pots, rotten plows and pig iron. There is a blacksmith in Boluo. Ruchai, a native of Henan, went to Boluo with her brother-in-law Zhao Blacksmith before liberation and settled in the Republic of China. He is famous for his honest craftsmanship. His farm tools, hoes, sickles, and iron mills are particularly popular with the surrounding farmers and are durable. He gave guns, knives and horseshoes to Hu Wu's team, soldiers and civilians who broke the law, baked them while the iron was hot and shackled, and made iron clips for Orion. Everything he did was clever and solid. Li Zhongxian, a native of Henan who came with him, flowed into Chai in Hengshan County and married and had children in Hengshan. Carpenters have carpenter shops, furniture makers and longevity workers. For example, before liberation, there was an old carpenter in Polo, Zhang Er who could draw a beam instead of a column. The builders of polo are mostly Polos, and the craftsmanship of polo craftsmen has been famous since ancient times. Pot nailing craftsmen include Polosse, Zhang Shide, Liu Zhenhe and others. Masons, masons and masons are all local people. For example, old Xue was born in a wealthy family before liberation, but he was honest and hardworking all his life. He works as a mason, on call and doing meticulous work. Until the 1990 s, he played with stone mortar (pestle rice with stone mortar) and ground it every day to buy it for users in four rural areas. Live in your nineties.

26. Alkali field: Borovan river beach, underground wet alkaline soil, the original residents swept the soil and boiled alkali, boiled it into liquid, poured it into a rectangular mold, and solidified it into a large piece of white soil alkali, which can be steamed and decontaminated. Pure quality and cheap price are exported to all directions, which is a considerable income for local farmers. Fan Yongsheng Soda Factory was famous before liberation.