What is the knowledge about bridges?

1. This bridge is an overhead man-made passage. It consists of superstructure, substructure and foundation. The superstructure includes bridge body and bridge deck; The substructure includes piers and abutments; The foundation consists of open cut foundation, pile foundation, caisson foundation, caisson foundation, pipe pile foundation and pile cap.

2. Main function: to solve the problem of crossing water or cross-valley traffic with developers, so that vehicles or pedestrians can walk on the bridge unimpeded. Judging from its earliest or most important function, a bridge should refer to a road across the water.

3. The emergence of bridges: Before the emergence of artificial bridges, many natural bridge forms were formed in nature due to the influence of crustal movement or other natural phenomena.

For example, Liang Shi Bridge in Tiantai Mountain, Zhejiang, Stone Arch Bridge in Guixi, Jiangxi (Xianren Bridge), a "single-plank bridge" formed by the natural fallen trunk along the river, or a natural "suspension bridge" formed by the winding of vines on both sides.

Extended data:

Bridges are divided into five basic types according to their mechanical characteristics: beam bridge, arch bridge, rigid frame bridge, suspension bridge and composite system bridge (cable-stayed bridge).

Beam bridges are generally built in long-span and shallow water areas, which are composed of bridge columns and bridge slabs, and the weight of objects is transferred from the bridge slabs to the bridge columns.

Arch bridges are generally built on the water with small span, and the bridge body is arched. There are usually several bridge holes, which have the function of flood discharge. The weight in the middle of the bridge is transferred to both ends of the bridge, and both ends are transferred to the middle.

Suspension bridge is the most practical bridge today. Bridges can be built in places with large span and deep water. It consists of bridge columns, iron cables and bridge decks. Early suspension bridges can withstand wind and rain and will not break. When the storm comes, the suspension bridge can basically stand.

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