The reason, content and influence of Emperor Xiaowen's reform

First, easing the sharp ethnic and class contradictions is the reform (the most important objective reason).

Second, the economic, military and political needs at that time (direct practical reasons).

Thirdly, Emperor Xiaowen's personality and admiration for China culture (subjective reasons).

Fourth, the emergence of the trend of great ethnic integration needs reform.

Content of reform: (divided into early stage and late stage by moving the capital to Luoyang)

(1) Early stage: Feng Taihou presided over the reform, focusing on establishing a new system.

Establish a new system and a salary system for officials, and the state will raise and punish corruption;

Implement the land equalization system, and the land controlled by the state is distributed to farmers;

Establish a three-long system, neighborhood-leadership-party leadership;

Adjust the rent and pay a certain amount of rent adjustment fee to the government;

(2) Later period: Emperor Xiaowen carried out the policy of localization;

Moving the capital to Luoyang ensured the deepening of reform;

Change customs, change clothes, Xianbei nobles will wear Hanfu;

Win the support of Han landlords to the northern Wei court;

It promoted the transformation of political power to the ruling mode of Han Dynasty.

Speak Chinese, break the northern language, and follow the accent;

Change the Han surname and set the clan level;

Through marriage, political marriage links the interests of the two nationalities;

Change your native place and take Luoyang as your native place;

Adopt the laws and regulations of the Han nationality;

Respecting Confucianism and worshiping Confucian classics and setting up schools greatly accelerated the feudal process of the Northern Wei regime.

Restore the ritual and music system of Han nationality;

Adopt the feudal rule system of the Han nationality.

The impact of the reform.

(1) Economy: It has promoted the recovery and development of social economy (agriculture, handicrafts and commerce) in the north.

(2) Politics: accelerated the feudal process of the Northern Wei regime.

(3) Ethnic groups: ease ethnic conflicts, consolidate feudal rule, promote ethnic integration, and lay the foundation for reunification.

(Limitations: the reform is indiscriminate, completely China-like, and has not inherited the excellent cultural traditions of the nation)

The reform of Emperor Xiaowen in the Northern Wei Dynasty, commonly known as the localization of filial piety, refers to the political reform carried out by Emperor Xiaowen in the Northern Wei Dynasty during the Southern and Northern Dynasties. Its main content is the Sinicization Movement, including the implementation of the equal land system and household regulation, the official system and legal reform, the relocation of the capital to Luoyang, and the change of customs in China.