Are there any real historical figures in the Three Kingdoms? Is there a fictional person?

The Romance of the Three Kingdoms has written 1798 people, including about 1200 people with famous surnames. It is indeed a masterpiece with the most characters in ancient novels. There are * * *11people with surnames in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, among which there are about 600 fictional characters, but most of them are small people (for example, Guan Yu's five passes and six kills are all fictional, because this matter is fictional).

Here are some differences between novels and history:

Zhang Fei's handwriting: Zhang Fei's handwriting is good, but not good. Three British wars against Lu Bu: Lu Bu was defeated by Sun Jian in Hulao Pass, and Liu Bei and others did not join the joint army against Dong. Guan Yunchang's warm wine killed Hua Xiong: Hua Xiong actually died in a confrontation with Sun Jian's army. Ten Regular Attendants: The ten regular attendants in history are Zhang Rang, Zhong Zhao, Xia Yun, Guo Sheng, Sun Zhang, Bi Lan, Song Li, Duan Gui, Gao Wang, Zhang Gong, Han Jian and Song Dian. Taoyuan Jieyi: Fictional plot, Liu is like a brother, invented by the author to highlight the American past of the following three people. Famous vessels: double-edged sword, dragon crescent moon blade, Zhang Ba snake spear, Tian Fang painted halberd, Lu Qingjian and other famous vessels are all fictitious. Zhang Fei whipped Du You: It was Liu Beigan. Because Du You refused to see Liu Bei, Liu Bei was furious and beat Du You with a stick. Zhang Fei didn't do this. Cao Cao offered a seven-star knife: it is also fictional. In Romance, Cao Cao tried to assassinate Dong Zhuo with a knife. In the history of the Three Kingdoms, Cao Cao thought that Dong Zhuo would eventually lose and rushed back to his hometown overnight. I'd rather teach me to be negative to the whole world than to be negative to me: the original words of Cao Cao's famous saying should be "I'd rather be negative to others than to me", and the description with ulterior motives in love is actually belittling Cao Cao.

Sun Jian's death: When he was chasing the enemy, he only took a few followers, but he was ambushed by Huang Zu and died in Xianshan. Dong Taihou's death: Dong Taihou died of disease, not poisoning. Tao Qian: Tao Qian's personality is inconsistent with historical facts. Guan Yu executed Che Zhou in Xuzhou: It was Liu Beigan, not Guan Yu. There are three points about Tu Shan: there is no such thing in historical facts. Imperial edict with blood in clothes: Yes, but Marten is a bandit warlord, and attacking LiGuo is only a personal vendetta. Red hare: Red hare disappeared after Lu Bu's defeat. Did not become Guan Yu's mount. Guan Yu killed Wen Chou: Wen Chou died in Cao Jun's rebellion, probably by soldiers of Guan Yu, Zhang Liao or Huang Xu. Sun Ce's death: Killed by the domestic slave and guest assassin of Xu Gong, the former prefect of Wu County, not by witchcraft. Go through five hurdles and kill six generals: a fictional story. After Guan Yu left Cao Cao, he didn't go through five customs, and Kong Xiu, Meng Tan, Han Fu, Bian Xi, Wang Zhi and Chyi Chin were not recorded in the history books. Guo Jia left a plan for Liaodong: a fictional plot. Guo Jia died suddenly at the age of 38, leaving no plans. This plan is Cao Cao's own plan. Guan Yu beheaded Cai Yang in the ancient city: Liu Beigan did it, not in the ancient city. Xu Shuzhi: Xu Shu is not recorded much in the official history, and he is a figure that the author tries his best to describe in order to highlight Zhuge Liang's wisdom in the following. Xu Shu entered Cao Cao's camp: Cao Cao marched south, Xu Shu fled with Liu Beinan, Xu Mu was captured in the mutiny, Xu Shu bid farewell to Liu Bei and entered Cao Cao's camp, and later became an important minister of Wei State. Zhuge Liang burned Bowangpo: Liu Beigan did it. Zhuge Liang had not yet come out of the mountain. Zhuge Liang set fire to a new field: it is not recorded in history and was invented for Luo Guanzhong. Zhao Yun of Changbanpo went in and out seven times: In history, Zhao Yun only saved Mrs. Gan and Dou, but did not record those seven times. Wen Pin vs. Liu Bei in Changbanpo: Liu Beijun, defeated by butch riding led by Cao Cao in history, rode 5,000. Mrs. Mi jumped into the well: It is not recorded in the official history. Liu Cong was killed: after being given to Jingzhou, he was appointed as the secretariat of Qingzhou by Cao Cao, and was made a marquis, but he was not killed. Later, in recognition of his achievements, Cao Cao suggested becoming a doctor. Wu Guotai: A fictional character, Sun Quan's mother died before He Lv. Debate among Confucians: It is only recorded that Zhuge Liang and Sun Quan met, and the warring factions and pacifists in Soochow are increasingly contending. Zhuge Liang is just a thrifty messenger. After Zhou recounted Jiang Gan, Jiang Gan and Battle of Red Cliffs, lobbying Zhou Yu failed. Taishi Ci's Death: Taishi Ci died in 2007 and did not participate in the Battle of Hefei. Zhuge Liang challenged Zhou Yu: It should be Zhou who challenged Sun Quan. Borrowing an arrow from a straw boat: There is no such thing in Battle of Red Cliffs, but there is an example of Sun Quan borrowing an arrow from a straw boat in the battle of ruxu Dock. Bitter plan: Huang Gai did have a fake surrender, but there is no historical record of the bitter plan. Kan Ze: Kan Ze is an important minister of Wu Dong and deeply respected by Sun Quan. He has never taken part in military action. Pang Tong offered a series of tricks: It was Cao Cao's decision to go to the forest, and Pang Tong had never been to Battle of Red Cliffs. Kongming Begging for the East Wind: It is pure fiction, which was added to the novel by Luo Guanzhong to brag about Zhuge Liang's "psychic calculation". Battle of Red Cliffs: Both Shu Wei and Shu Shu recorded that Cao Cao was defeated in the war with Liu Bei. Sun Quanjun did take part in the battle, but it was difficult to get all the credit. In fact, Zhou Yu's fire attack was in the front, and Cao Cao burned the ship behind. Huarong said, Liu Bei led the troops to chase Cao Cao, but he was defeated, but he was late and Cao Ran took him away. South county dispute: it didn't happen. After Zhou Yu's death, Lu Su advised Sun Quan to lend Jiangling to Liu Bei. Borrowing Jiangling (Jingzhou was divided by Cao, Sun and Liu at that time, and Sun Quan did not "borrow Jingzhou") in order to give Cao Cao a powerful enemy. Guan Yu fought against Huang Zhong: Liu Bei was in the south of Jingnan, and the governors of the four counties suffered from the wind, so Huang Zhong surrendered with Han Xuan, the prefect of Changsha. Sun Liu's marriage: the marriage between Mrs. Sun and Liu Bei is only a political marriage, but there is indeed a record in the biography of the fierce woman that she threw herself into the river. Moreover, it was not Zhou Yu's idea, but Sun Quan volunteered. Losing his wife and losing his soldiers: Sun Quan did not adopt Zhou Yu's honey trap, but only voluntarily married his sister to Liu Bei. Sanyu: The history books record Zhou Yu's rational, generous and friendly style. And I haven't even seen Zhuge, so Zhou Yu's three spirits are pure fiction. Zhou Yu died of illness in Baqiu on the way to cutting Shu, not because of Zhuge Liang's cleverness. Wolong funeral in Sanjiangkou: Zhou Yu was hanged by Pang Tong, not Zhuge Liang. Ma Chao raised soldiers: Contrary to historical facts, Ma Chao raised soldiers first and killed his father Ma Teng. Tell Cao Cao's villain: Qin Qingtonghe didn't see the map of Zhang Song recorded in the history books: the salary of the military and horses in Zhang Song and Shuzhong should be asked of Liu Bei, so Zhang Song drew a map for Liu Bei. Luo Fengpo: Pang Tong was killed by an arrow when he attacked Luocheng, not by disorderly arrows at Luo Fengpo. Ma Chao hit Zhang Fei: Ma Chao wrote to Liu Bei privately, demanding surrender. There is no plot in the novel in which Zhang Fei and Ma Chao fought for more than 200 rounds and were later surrendered by Zhuge Liang. Hanzhong: Liu Bei is the commander-in-chief of Hanzhong, and Fa Zheng is the staff officer. Planning to seize the sky and swing the mountains: pure fiction. Battle of Dingjun Mountain: Xia was killed by Huang Zhongqi. Although it was indeed beheaded by Huang Zhong, it was by no means beheaded before getting on the horse as mentioned in the romance. Cao Cao killed Yang Xiu: Yang Xiu was not killed on the eve of Cao Cao's withdrawal. In fact, he was killed after Cao Cao withdrew. In the official history, there is no case that Cao Cao killed Yang Xiu and fought with the Shu army, and Wei Yan knocked out his front teeth. Five Tiger Generals: Liu Bei didn't name him as the "Five Tiger Generals", but named Guan Yu, Zhang Fei, Ma Chao, Huang Zhong and Zhao Yun as the four generals of the former, left, right and Houdong Town respectively. The Five Tiger Generals were named after the biography of Guan Yu, Zhang Fei, Ma Chao, Huang Zhong and Zhao Yun was put in the same chapter in The History of the Three Kingdoms. Zhou Cang and Hu Ban: Fictional characters, not going down in history. Guan Yu's Single Knife Meeting: In fact, Lu Su invited Guan Yu to discuss Jingzhou before the war, but the two sides failed to reach an agreement. Bone curettage: Bone curettage does exist, but the surgeon was not Hua Tuo, because Hua Tuo died before Battle of Red Cliffs. Guan Yu Maicheng refused to surrender: there is no record, but he refused to surrender and was beheaded after being captured. Mr. Yuquan, Pursuing Life Lv Meng: Mr. Yuquan was adapted from the story of building a temple in yuquan temple in the Tang Dynasty, but Lv Meng died of illness. Seventy-two suspected graves: Cao Cao was buried in Gaoling. Zhang Fei: Zhang Fei should be a handsome man with both calligraphy and painting, and history books and statues have evidence. Guan Ping: Guan Yu's eldest son, not his adopted son, joined the army, and his name only appeared twice in the History of the Three Kingdoms. Guan Xing: The weak crown (nearly 20 years old) is highly valued by Zhuge Liang because of his ability to do things and supervise the army. The battle of Yiling died a few years later. Zhang Bao: Although he died young, he left a son, Zhang Zun. Mi Fang: There was no case of being executed by Ling Chi when he fled to Shuying. After the battle of Yiling, he did go to Qichun area of Wei with He Qi. Lu Bu, who played for Ding Yuan and Dong Zhuo successively, also played for Yuan Shu. He was once named Xuzhou Pastoral, and later became a school of his own. In the third year of Jian 'an (198), Xiapi was defeated by Cao Cao and executed. Influenced by the novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms and various folk arts, Lu Bu has always existed in people's minds as the "first warrior in the Three Kingdoms". Fan Jiang and Zhang Da: We have never seen Sun Quan escort him and Zhang Da back to Shu to avoid war. After they took refuge in Sun Quan, it was gone. Kan Ze recommended Lu Xun: Lu Xun was Monroe's deputy in Jingzhou. After Monroe's death, it was naturally Lu Xun who took over the defense of Wudong West Line. The battle of Yiling: 50,000 to 60,000 in Wu Jun and 40,000 in Shu. It is not that fewer people are not as good as more people, but that the morale of the Shu army is really low. Pan Zhang's Death: Pan Zhang made a meritorious military service for Sun Quan in the battle of Yiling, hacked Feng and others, and died in 234. Bai Di entrusted orphans: Liu Bei entrusted orphans and Zhuge Liang and Li Yan when he died. He said to Zhuge Liang, "You are only ten times as talented as Cao Pi, and you will be able to secure the world and eventually achieve great things. If the heir can supplement it, supplement it; If you are incompetent, you can take it yourself. " See Zhuge Liang Biography of the Three Kingdoms. Eight-array diagram: Eight-array diagram is the art of war array made by Zhuge Liang, not a strange stone array or maze. Seven captures of Meng Huo: There is no record of seven captures of Meng Huo in The History of the Three Kingdoms. However, there is a saying of "seven captures and seven verticals" in Han Shu Jin Shu Hua Yang Guo Zhi Chun Qiu, but the specific process is not recorded. E Huan, Zhu Rong, Meng You and Muluwang were all created by novels. Six trips to Qishan: Zhuge Liang cut Wei five times, but only for the first time and the fourth time, five of which were as follows: the first time, because Ma Su violated the festival, he was defeated by Jieting; For the second time, he cooperated with Wu Dong to attack Chencang, but killed the general Xinmeile Co., Ltd. in the retreat (the incident of Chencang was basically the same as romance); For the third time, Wudu and Yin Ping counties were successfully captured, and Guo Huai was defeated; The fourth defeat Sima Yi; Sima Yi didn't dare to go out for the fifth time, and Zhuge Liang died of illness (the Shu army advanced the border a lot in this battle, and later Jiang Wei advanced the Northern Expedition again). Jiang Wei: Jiang Wei has never fought against Zhao Yun or defeated Zhuge Liang. But because Ma Zun suspected that Jiang Wei and others had infidelity, he also took the night with Guo Huai to the supreme stage. Jiang Wei was helpless when he found that Ma Zun had left. When Jiang Wei returned to yi county, yi county officials and people were overjoyed and recommended Jiang Wei to see Zhuge Liang. Zhao Hao: It was Cao Zhen who recommended Hao Zhaoshou Chen Cang, not Sima Yi. Sima Yi and Zhuge Liang: During Zhuge Liang's first three northern expeditions, Wei Jun was not commanded by Sima Yi, but by Cao Zhen. Cao Zhen: Cao Zhen in the official history is not a waste like in the romance. He is not only brave, but also excellent in all aspects. Moreover, he basically played against Zhuge Liang. Lost Street Pavilion: The commander in chief of Wei Jun is Zhang He, not Sima Yi. Empty plan: After the defeat of Jieting, Wei Jun did not pursue the Shu army. Zhuge Liang just moved the people and food in the west county. At that time, Wei Jun was not Sima Yi, but the real empty plan was used by Cao Cao, Wen and Shu Yun. Angry Cao Zhen: Cao Zhen died of illness in Luoyang. Zhuge Liang cursed Wang Lang's death: Wang Lang died in 228 and did not go out with the army. Zhuge Liang's fourth Northern Expedition failed: there is no record of Gouan in the history books. In fact, the failure of the Northern Expedition was due to Li Yan's mistake in raising grain and lying about Liu Chan's imperial edict to withdraw troops, and the Shu army was in a hurry. It is estimated that Luo Guanzhong wanted to show that Sima Yi won by luck and burned the valley above: Zhuge Liang defeated Wei Jun in Lucheng, and Sima Yi only kept the camp with his body. The Three Kingdoms did not mention what tactics were used to break Wei Jun, and there was no big difference between Shaanxi rural legends and romance; The valley above, when it comes to Hulu Valley, is suspected to be the nickname of Lucheng. Zhuge Liang's death scared away the living Zhong Da: It did happen, but it was not Zhuge Liang's legacy. It is recorded in Hanshu, Jin Shu, Chunqiu that after Zhuge Liang's death, the Shu army quietly retreated, and Sima Yi noticed it and led the army to catch up. When the two armies approached, Jiang Wei, the general of Shu, and Yang Yi, the chief historian, ordered the Shu army to feint, but Sima Yi dared not approach and had to retreat, and the Shu army went into the valley to send out obituaries. At that time, the joke "Zhuge died, Zhong Dasheng" spread all over the country. Wei Yan rebelled and was executed by Ma Dai: it is true, but first, Ma Dai did not pretend to rebel with Wei Yan; Second, Wei Yan was beheaded when he fled; Third, Wei Yan never shouted "Who dares to kill me". Jiang Wei's Northern Expedition: Jiang Wei made eleven northern expeditions, not nine. His record is two big victories, three small victories, 1 defeat and four draws. Jiang Wei's crushing defeat of Niutoushan: a purely fictional plot, before Jiang Wei's Northern Expedition. Luo Guanzhong's story once again shows Zhuge Liang's role. Jiang Wei defeated Wargo: Wargo was not defeated in the Northern Expedition, but in a battle of Wei attacking Shu, Jiang Wei and Wargo defeated Wargo in the field. The number of soldiers in Zhuge Liang and Jiang Wei's Northern Expedition: The number of soldiers in Zhuge Liang and Jiang Wei's Northern Expedition never exceeded 50,000, let alone 300,000. At that time, the number of soldiers in Shu was around 654.38+million, not 300,000. The number of soldiers in Wei is only about 600,000.