Brief introduction of andre gide

Andre gide (French: AndréGide,1869165438+1October 22nd-1951February19) is a French writer. Gide wrote novels, plays, papers, essays, diaries and letters all his life. His major works include novels, such as Defectors, Narrow Doors, Pastoral Symphony, Counterfeiters, etc. , drama, condor king, Saul, Oedipus, prose poetry, world food, autobiography, if the seeds are not there.

Gide was born in a wealthy Protestant family in Paris, France. He spent his childhood in solitude. Gide is 8 years old, studying in Alsace primary school, mainly in Protestant education. Later, he studied in the philosophy classes of Montpellier Middle School and Henry IV Middle School, and was fascinated by literature and music. At the age of 20, Gide wrote the autobiographical novel Andre Walter's Handbook, and immediately began his own literary creation. On the way of creation, Gide met French poets Valery, Malarme and Rainier, English writer Wilde and French painter Albert Laurent. 1947, Gide won Nobel Prize in Literature.

Chinese name: andre gide.

Mbth: andre gide (French)

Nationality: France

Place of birth: Paris, France

Date of birth:1869165438+1October 22nd.

Date of death: 195 1 February 19.

Occupation: writer

Graduate school: University of Paris

Main achievements: 1947 Nobel Prize in Literature.

Representative works: Pastoral Symphony and Human Cuisine.

Character experience

1869165438+1October 22nd, andre gide was born in Paris. 1877, studying in Alsace school, was expelled for "bad habits" a few months later. 1880, father Paul gide died.

188 1 year, I fell in love with my cousin Madeleine. 1883, start writing a diary. 1887, attending Alsace school; Meet Pierre Louis. 1888, studying in Henry IV Middle School.

From 65438 to 0889, he founded the magazine for middle school students with Pierre Louis and Marcel Deloan. 1890, Madeleine's father died, and she met Paul Valerie. 189 1 published Notes of Andre Walter and On Narcissus; Become a frequent visitor to the "Tuesday Party" in Malamei; Know Oscar Wilde.

1893 published "Attempt of Love" and "Travel Notes of Anli"; Understand Francis Jammes; Travel in North Africa; First gay experience. 1895, swamp publishing; Mother Juliet Gide died; Marry cousin Madeleine; Travel to Switzerland, Italy, North Africa and other places; This is Paul Claudon.

1896, former mayor of La Rocco-Bernardo. 1897 published Grain on the Ground and Pages on the Way; Know Henry Jay. 1898, signed a list of writers who supported Dreyfus. 1899, traveling with his wife in North Africa; Start correspondence with Paul Claudell; Prometheus, Fei Roquete and El Haji were published.

1900, I went to Algiers with Henry Jerome. 190 1 year, staged by the king of gondor. 1902 published "those who betray virtue". 1903, published evasions and Saul; Go to Weimar and Algiers; Started dating Jacques Copp. 1904 became the editorial board of "Hidden Repair" magazine.

1906, published by Amanda; Move into Oite's new house. 1907, the prodigal son returns; Go to Berlin with the painter Maurice Deni. 1908, The New France Review was founded.

1909, published by Narrow Gate; Take part in decameron. 19 1 1 year, published by Isabel; Co-founded the New French Review with gaston Garima. 19 12 years, Henry Jielong and I traveled to Italy. 19 13, travel to Italy; This is roger martin Dugard. The Vatican cellar was published.

19 14 broke with Claudell; Publication of the Vatican crypt and felony court memorandum. 19 15, and began to fall into a crisis of religious belief for two years. 19 16 years, he started his love affair with Mark Alegre; Madeleine began to know Gide's true orientation. 19 17, Mark Alegre and I went to Switzerland for our holiday.

19 18, I went to England with Mark and Aleg. When I came back, I learned that Madeleine had burned all the letters between them. 19 19, pastoral symphony published. 182 1, Selected Works of Gide published. 1822, the wedding in heaven and hell. 1923, daughter Katrina was born. 1924, published by Coryton.

1925 became an academician of the Royal College of Literature in London; Travel to the interior of Africa with Mark. 1926 The Maker of Counterfeit Money and If the Seeds Don't Die were published. 1927, published a passage to Congo. 1928, published after the return of Chad. 1929, Girls' School, published by Montaigne Review; Go to Algiers.

1930, published by Robert; Travel to Germany. 193 1 year, published by Oedipus. 1932, The Complete Works of Gide was published. Began to become a "fellow traveler" of capitalism.

1933 to Lausanne. 1934, he and Andre Marlowe went to Berlin to call for the release of the producer. 1935, release of new grain; Participate in the first international writers' cultural war. In 1936, Naville Fu and those who returned from the Soviet Union published articles. Invited to visit the Soviet Union.

1937, a supplement to it; A formal break with the Soviet Union. 1938, travel to West Africa; Madeleine is dead. 1939, has been to Egypt and Greece; Publish a diary 1889- 1939.

1940, leave Paris. 194 1 year, draw a clear line with the new France review. 1942, went to Tunisia. 1943 published an imaginative interview. From Tunisia to Algiers, where he met with General De Gaulle.

1944, Ark Magazine was founded; Published a diary of1939-1942 in new york. 1945, back to Paris; Travel to Italy, Lebanon and Egypt.

Theseus published in1946; The pastoral symphony was made into a movie; Katrina married Lamber. 1947, heading for Munich; Received an honorary doctorate from Oxford University; Get Nobel Prize in Literature.

1948, bought a house for my daughter. 1949, Autumn Page was published. 1950, published a diary of 1942- 1949; Travel to Italy; The three-act comedy "The Vatican Cellar" premiered.

195 1 Yu 19 died in Paris on February 9th and was buried next to Madeleine cemetery in Ju Weiye.

Personal life

Andre gide's father, named Paul Gide, is a professor at the Law School of the University of Paris. He died in 1880 at the age of eleven. His uncle is CharlesGide, a political economist. Gide grew up alone in Normandy and became a prolific writer in his early years. 1877 Entered Alsace School in Dasa Street, and was expelled from the school for "bad habits" several months later. Gide received two kinds of contradictory education since childhood: his mother thought that "children should obey if they don't know why"; My father tends to "explain everything to me". 1880 After his father died, Gide left Paris with his mother and went to his grandfather's house. Gide was sickly and sensitive in his early years, and received a Puritan education with the support of his mother, which led to his rebellious character. 1889 After passing the bachelor's degree examination, Gide proposed to his cousin Madeleine and was rejected. 1895 After his mother died, he married his cousin Madeleine (1867-1938), but they have always been husband and wife in name only. My mother's name is Juliet Rondo. She is a Catholic.

Main work

Creative characteristics

Theme of the work

Gide's inner world is full of profound contradictions between abstinence and pleasure, soul and body, personal happiness and social norms, abiding by morality and despising commandments, seeking faith and pessimism and anxiety.

Gide expressed the contradiction and conflict between spirit and body, social ethics and free belief in the process of pursuing freedom and truth through the two themes of religion and sex. In order to solve the inner contradiction, he chose writing and traveling, trying to make his inner world calm and harmonious. Gide tried every possibility in his travels. In his writing, he let the characters show their inner conflicts and let them practice every possible choice in their hearts. He tried to let people know everything about him through the exploration and self-writing of eastern and western civilizations, and then showed the complexity of people. This is a reflection of the author's own inner contradictions, and a writing of his feelings after thinking about life and society. This not only expands the multiplicity of the meaning of the work, but also shows the complexity of people's personality and enhances the vitality of the work.

In Gide's works, the two themes of resistance and atonement are closely linked. Gide has an unprecedented strong sense of resistance and a very strong sense of religion. His mother's religious tradition had an unforgettable influence on him, so after every rebellion, he would bring endless spiritual repentance.

Gide did not hesitate to involve his actions and works in the struggle of the times. He fiercely opposed colonialism and fascism, condemned totalitarian rule, defended homosexuality, and advocated breaking the rules and regulations that imprisoned human nature.

Gide's works are all-encompassing, showing the colorful styles of various literary schools. Some of his works are naturalism, some are symbolism, some are aestheticism and some are even absurd.

Artistic feature

style

Gide's ideas accepted all his life are mixed, chaotic and contradictory. He accepted aestheticism, symbolism, naturalism and even a little existentialism. He tried his best to find the beauty of art, but at the same time stressed that beauty had nothing to do with morality, which was obviously influenced by the aesthete Wilde and the symbolist Malamei. Writing has become Gide's fundamental need from the heart. At least from the artistic pursuit of Gide's life, the dominant tendency of Gide's life value is the aestheticism he accepted in his early years. At the same time, Gide's moral concept is a complex synthesis, which not only criticizes the old morality, but also confuses the new morality in the electrification era, so he is so contradictory. In fact, due to the strong influence of his mother, religion has been rooted in Gide's heart since childhood, so his inner conflict is extremely fierce. Many of Gide's works are descriptions of his inner world and real life. In other words, writing constitutes his basic life style. So Gide kept writing, constantly experiencing, constantly thinking, and creating according to the changes of inner feelings and thoughts. More importantly, Gide loves Flaubert deeply, and the important topic he discusses is how individual natural persons can improve and develop their own nature, not what kind of ethics social people should have. It is precisely because of his concern for natural persons that he was reprimanded as a moral hazard by moral gentlemen. In other words, Gide only cares about human morality, humanity and human destiny. He asked questions but remained silent. Sometimes he expounds his views on people endlessly, but the purpose is not to educate and guide readers, but only to understand himself thoroughly. His works show the possibility of people's life experience, rather than evaluating people. This fair and objective artistic attitude makes his novels very close to the news genre.

Character image

The characters in Gide's works almost always fall into the dilemma of preset desire and morality, and also present a binary opposition structure in personality, which seems to explain Gide's own internal dilemma. "No matter what I say or do, I always seem to be divided into two halves, half of which is watching the other half make mistakes in front, watching jokes, being indifferent, or slapping and booing. When a person is torn in half like this, he can't have an honest heart anyway, and he can't even understand the word honesty. Indeed, Gide, like Michelle, has been trying to find a balanced fulcrum between moral responsibility and sincere self all his life. Therefore, the characters in Gide's works are, in a sense, the imagination of the writer's inner dilemma. They use a similar soul to deny the writer's inner division and look for a paradise where human nature is lost.

Winning record

Personality influence

In the history of modern western literature, Gide was the first person to apply absurdity to French literature. More importantly, absurdity is far more than a literary skill in his eyes, and it also has methodological significance. It is because Gide raised absurdity to the height of literary creation methodology that absurd literature was created. Judging from the historical track of the development history of French literature, Gide is a bridge between classicism and modernity. He is not only a faithful inheritor of Balzac, Hugo, Flaubert, Baudelaire and Malamei's literary traditions in the19th century, but also a great pioneer of a new generation of literary styles.

Gide's thought has influenced three generations in the West and set an example for the West to pursue sincerity and freedom painfully under the suppression of reality. His thoughts have deeply influenced many thinkers and writers such as Sartre and Camus, who once regarded Gide as their spiritual mentor.

Personality assessment

Considering the comprehensiveness and artistry of his works, in these works, he showed various problems and situations of human nature with fearless love for truth and keen psychological insight. (Swedish Academy's Comments on Literature)

"He lived for us. As long as we read his works, we can be reborn. Gide is an irreplaceable role model because he chose to be his own truth. " (Comments by Sartre, French philosopher and writer)

The complexity of Gide lies in his life vacillating between "man" and "god". He is an absolute individualist and only believes in his own feelings. At the same time, he believes that people must surpass themselves. He knows the weakness of human nature and sees the divinity in people. He wandered among art, myth and classicism, while paying attention to reality and facing the future. His body is rooted in the earth, but his thoughts are always in the sky, beside the sun. (Commentary by French literature expert Dong Qiang)