Wonderful passages from Han Xin’s historical records in classical Chinese

1. Classic passages in historical records (classical Chinese)

This is probably why the ancients imposed heavy punishment on officials.

Every lady is greedy for life and hates death, longs for her relatives, and takes care of her wife. If she is passionate about justice and reason, she will have no choice but to do so. This servant is unfortunate. He lost his parents early, has no brothers, and is single and isolated. How can Shaoqing regard his servant as his wife? And there is no need for brave men to sacrifice integrity, and for cowards to admire justice, there is no need to be reluctant! Although the servant is cowardly and wants to survive, he still knows how to get away with it, so why should he indulge himself in the humiliation of exhaustion? Moreover, if the husband Zang acquires maids and concubines, he can still lead to his death, but what if the servant has no choice but to do so? Therefore, those who live in silence and refuse to say goodbye in the secluded dung soil have endless selfish desires, are despicable and despicable, and their literary talents are not shown later.

"Report to Ren An" (Excerpt)

"Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru" (Excerpt)

Lian Po said: "I am a general of Zhao, and I have to attack the city. He has done great work in the field, but Lin Xiangru only works with his words and ranks above me. I am ashamed and cannot bear to be inferior to him." He declared: "When I see Xiangru, I will humiliate him." If you hear this, you will not attend the meeting. In every dynasty, Xiangru often complained about illness and did not want to compete with Lian Po. When Xiangru came out and saw Lian Po, Xiangru led his car to hide.

So he gave up his words and remonstrated: "The reason why I leave my relatives to serve the emperor is because I only admire the emperor's high righteousness. Now the emperor is in the same category as Lianpo, and the Lianjun is declared The king is afraid to hide his bad words, and the mediocrity is even more shameful than the general! I am unworthy of you, please resign." Lin Xiangru stopped and said: "Which of you is the honest general and the king of Qin? ?" He said, "No." The reason why Qin does not dare to send troops to Zhao is because we are here. The two tigers are fighting each other. The reason why I do this is to put national concerns first before personal enmity." /p>

"The Biography of Qu Yuan" (Excerpt)

King Qu Pingji did not listen to what he heard, the frame-up obscured the light, the evil tune harmed the public, and the uprightness was not tolerated, so he was worried "Li Sao" was written out of deep thoughts. "Li Sao" means "Li Sao". Heaven is the beginning of human beings; parents are the foundation of human beings. When a person is poor, he goes against his roots. Therefore, when he is extremely tired from work, he does not stop calling to heaven; when he is sick and miserable, he does not stop calling for his parents. Qu Ping went straight on the right path, devoted his loyalty and wisdom to serve his king, and slandered the world. It can be said that he was poor. If you are trustworthy but are met with doubts, if you are loyal but are slandered, how can you not feel resentful? Qu Ping's "Li Sao" is based on self-pity. He is called Emperor Ku at the top, Qi Huan at the bottom, and Tang and Wu are described in the middle to clarify world affairs. The morality of the Ming Dynasty is widely respected, and the order of governance is endless. His writing is simple, his words are subtle, his ambition is clean, and his conduct is honest. It is said that the text is small but its meaning is huge, and its meaning is far-reaching. His ambition is pure, so he is called "Fang Wu"; his behavior is honest, so he will not tolerate death. From the dredging mud, the cicada is sloughed off from the filth, except for the floating dust, and does not get the filth of the world, and is immersed in the mud but not soaked. To push forward this ambition is to compete with the sun and the moon.

"Jun Xinling steals a talisman to save Zhao" (excerpt)

The young master could not get his wife from the king in the end, so he planned not to be the only one and cause the death of Zhao, so he invited guests and arranged a car. He rode more than a hundred horses and wanted to go to the Qin army as a guest. He died together with Zhao. Passing through Yimen, I saw Hou Sheng and told the Qin army that he wanted to die. Say goodbye and go. Hou Sheng said: "Young Master encouraged me! I can't obey." The young master walked for several miles, feeling unhappy, and said: "The reason why I treat Hou Sheng is ready, and everyone in the world will hear about it. Now I am going to die, but Hou Sheng has not said a word." What have I lost by saying farewell to me?" Fu Yinche asked Hou Sheng. Hou Sheng laughed and said, "I know that the young master will return." He said, "The young master likes scholars and is famous all over the world. Now that we are in trouble, we have no other reason and want to go to the Qin army. It's like throwing your flesh at a tiger. What's the point?" Is that so? I'm a guest! However, the young master met me and the minister refused to see me off, so I knew that the young master would come back because I wanted to pay my respects. Hou Shengnai picked up the human saying and said: "Ying heard that Jin Bi's military talisman was always in the king's bedroom, but Ru Ji was the most fortunate, going in and out of the king's bedroom, and could steal it. Ying heard that Ru Ji's father was killed by others, and Ru Ji Zi's three years , from the king down, if you want to avenge your father, you can't get it. If Ji Ji cries for the young master, the young master will kill his enemy. If Ji Jin wants to die for the young master, there is no way out. Ear.

If the prince sincerely invites Ruji, and Ruji will promise, he will get the tiger talisman, seize the Jin army, save Zhao in the north and defeat Qin in the west, this is the attack of the five hegemons. "The master follows his plan, please be like Ji. If Ji Guo steals the military talisman with the master. 2. I have read a classical Chinese article about Han Xin before, it seems to be written by Sima Qian, please send that article

Sima Qian wrote "Historical Records·Biographies of the Marquis of Huaiyin". The original text and the translation are too long, so I only post Sima Qian's final evaluation. Baidu does not allow links to be posted on other websites. The full text can be searched for "Historical Records·The Biography of the Marquis of Huaiyin_Original Text | Translation"

Original text:

Tai Shigong said: I am like Huaiyin, and the people in Huaiyin are Yu Yan. Although Han Xin was a commoner, his ambition was different from others. His mother died and he was poor and had no way to bury him. The camp is high and open, so that thousands of families can be placed next to it. It is good to have Han Xin learn to be humble, not to attack his achievements, and not to be proud of his ability. The disciples of Zhao and Taigong will be devoured by blood for future generations. It is not appropriate to go out and rebel and destroy the clan.

Translation:

Tai Shigong said: When I went to Huaiyin, the Huaiyin people told me that even when Han Xin was a commoner, his aspirations were different. His mother died and his family was too poor to bury him, but he still looked for a tall and spacious house. The cemetery allows thousands of families to be placed next to the tomb. I saw his mother's grave, and it is true. If Han Xin could humbly give in and not boast about his own achievements, it would be almost the same as his own in the Han Dynasty. His merits can be compared with those of Zhou Gong, Zhao Gong, and Taigong of the Zhou Dynasty, and his descendants will be able to enjoy endless sacrifices. However, he failed to devote himself to doing so, and the world was already stable. Instead, he plotted rebellion and killed the clan. Is that what it should be? 3. Translate classical Chinese sentences (selected readings from historical records)

When Han Xin, the Marquis of Huaiyin, was a commoner, he was poor and had no outstanding virtues, so he could not be selected as a minor official. , and could not make a living by doing business, he often lived in other people's homes and had a free meal. Most people hated him. He went to the countryside to have a free meal at the pavilion chief in Nanchang many times. For several months, the pavilion chief's wife disliked him, so she cooked a full meal in the morning. When it was time to eat, Han Xin went there, but no food was prepared for him. Han Xin also understood their intentions and finally left in anger.

Han Xin was fishing under the city. The old ladies were rinsing the silk cotton. One of the ladies saw that Han Xin was hungry, so she kept doing this for dozens of days until the rinsing was completed. Han Xin was very happy and said to the lady, "I will repay you greatly." time. The aunt said angrily: "A man can't support himself. I give you food because I pity you, the young master. Do I hope you will repay me?"

A young man among the Huaiyin butchers bullied Han Xin and said, "Although you are tall and like to carry a sword, you are actually a coward." He insulted him in public and said, "If you can kill me, stab me with your sword; if you can't kill me, crawl under my crotch." "So Han Xin stared at him for a long time, lowered his body, lay on the ground, and crawled between his legs. People all over the street laughed at Han Xin and thought he was timid.

Wait until When Xiang Liang led the anti-Qin rebels to cross the Huaihe River and march westward, Han Xin took his sword to join him and stayed in his subordinates. After Xiang Liang failed, he returned to Xiang Yu, who appointed him as his doctor several times. He offered advice to Xiang Yu but was not adopted. When Liu Bang led his army into Shu, Han Xin left the Chu army and went to join him. Once, Han Xin committed a crime and was sentenced to death. Thirteen of his accomplices were killed one after another. When it was his turn to kill him, he raised his head and saw Duke Teng, so he said, "Doesn't the King of Han intend to conquer the world? Why kill the strong man? "Teng Gong heard his extraordinary tone and saw his majestic appearance, so he let him go. After talking to him, he was even more impressed and recommended him to the king of Han. The king of Han appointed him as the commander of millet management in charge of food and wages. , still didn't think he was a genius.

Han Xin chatted with Xiao He many times, and Xiao He also admired him. Most of the Han king's subordinates were from the East and wanted to return to their hometown, so when the team arrived in Nanzheng. , there were dozens of officers who ran away halfway.

Han Xin expected that Xiao He and others had sponsored him many times in front of the King of Han, but the King of Han never reused him, so he ran away. Xiao He heard that Han Xin had escaped. He had no time to report the incident to the King of Han, so he went to chase him. Someone who did not know the details reported to the King of Han: "Prime Minister Xiao He has escaped." The King of Han was extremely angry, as if he had lost his left and right hands. 4. What are Han Xin’s classical Chinese works?

1. The original text of Piao Mu’s Rice Letter When Han Xin, Marquis of Huaiyin, was a commoner, he was poor and unable to do anything.

If you send food from others, many people will hate it. Changshuo went to the countryside to send food to the pavilion chief in Nanchang. For several months, the pavilion chief's wife got sick, so she cooked and produced food in the morning.

Remember when you are eating, not for food. Xin was fishing under the city, and all the mothers were floating there. One mother saw that Xin was hungry and had no food for her, so she had been floating for dozens of days.

Xin Xi was happy and said to Piao's mother: "I will definitely repay my mother with kindness." The mother said angrily: "A man cannot feed himself. I eat in mourning for my king and grandson. How can I expect retribution?" Later, he became the king of Chu. He summoned Shipiao's mother, who was his servant, and gave her a thousand gold coins.

Translation Han Xin, an orphan from Huaiyin, made a living by fishing on the Huaihe River. He often went hungry because he could not catch any fish. An old lady who rinsed silk wadding saw that he was pitiful and often gave him half of her meal. eat. Han Xin said that he would thank her when he became prosperous in the future, but she said angrily: "A man can't live by himself. I gave you food out of pity for you. How can I expect anything in return?" Han Xin later became the king of Chu and specially found his wife. Aunt Piao Xu gave her a thousand gold rewards.

2. The original text of Crotch Humiliation: A young man in the Huaiyin Massacre insulted his believers by saying: "Although he has grown up, he likes to carry a sword, but his heart is timid." The people insulted him by saying: "Belief can die. Stab me; if you can't die, come out from under my hakama."

So he looked at it, pulled it out from under my hakama, and crawled down. Everyone in the city laughed at the letter and thought it was timid.

Translation There was a young butcher in Huaiyin. He insulted Han Xin and said, "Although you are tall and like to carry a sword, you are very cowardly at heart." He insulted him in public and said: " If you are not afraid of death, then stab me to death; otherwise, crawl under my crotch."

Han Xin watched him carefully for a while, then leaned down and crawled over from under the opponent's crotch. People in the market laughed at him, thinking that Han Xin was really very timid.

3. Xiao He chases Han Xin under the moon. Original text The number of letters and Xiao He's words are so strange. By the time we reached Nanzheng, dozens of generals had died while practicing the Way. I had already told you how trustworthy they were, and if they were not used by me, they would perish.

How can one hear that one’s faith is destroyed, and one should not catch up with it and pursue it oneself? Someone said: "Why did the prime minister die?"

The emperor was so angry that it was like losing his left and right hands. After staying for a day or two, He came to pay a visit. The superior was angry and happy. He scolded He and said, "What will happen if you die?" He said, "I dare not die. I pursue those who die."

The superior said: "Who are you chasing?" He said: "Han Xin." The superior scolded again: "If you count the dead by ten, the public has nothing to pursue; pursuing trust is a deception."

He said: "It is easy for generals to get their ears. Those who have faith will be unparalleled in the country.

The king must want to grow up in Hanzhong and believe in nothing; he must want to compete in the world, and there is nothing he can do without faith. "Gu Wang Ce'an decided to go to the ear."

The king said: "I also want to go to the east ear, how can I stay here for a long time?" If you can't use it, you will lose your faith. "The king said: "I am a general," He said. /p>

He said: "I am very lucky." So the king wanted to summon Xin to worship him.

He said: "The king has always been arrogant and rude. To worship the general now is like calling to a child's ears. This is why he went there in faith. The king must want to worship him, choose a good day, fast, set up a altar, and use etiquette. , is Keer."

Wang Xuzhi. All the generals were happy, and everyone thought they had won a great general.

The first general to pay homage was Han Xin, and the whole army was shocked. Translation Han Xin chatted with Xiao He many times, and Xiao He also admired him.

Most of the Han King's subordinates were from the East and wanted to return to their hometown. Therefore, when the team arrived at Nanzheng, there were dozens of officers who ran away halfway. Han Xin expected that Xiao He and others had sponsored him many times in front of the King of Han, but the King of Han never reused him, so he ran away.

Xiao He heard that Han Xin had escaped. He had no time to report the incident to the King of Han, so he went after him. Someone who did not know the details reported to the King of Han: "Prime Minister Xiao He has escaped."

The King of Han was extremely angry, as if he had lost his left and right hands. After a day or two, Xiao He came back to see the King of Han. The King of Han was angry and happy at the same time, and cursed: "Why did you run away?" Xiao He replied: "I dare not run away, I chase the runaway.

"Who are you chasing after? Xiao He said: "Han Xin." The King of Han cursed again: "There were dozens of officers who ran away, but you didn't chase them. You chased Han Xin instead. This is a lie."

Xiao He said: "Those officers are easy to get. As for talents like Han Xin, there is no one in the world." If the king only wants to be the king of Hanzhong, of course he is not needed; if the king wants to fight for the world, there is no one except Han Xin who can discuss the big plans.

It just depends on what the king plans. "The king of Han said: "I also plan to go back to the east. How can I stay bored in this ghost place all the time? " Xiao He said: "If the king is determined to fight back to the East and can reuse Han Xin, he will stay; if he cannot be reused, then Han Xin will eventually run away. "

The king of Han said: "For your sake, let him be a general. Xiao He said: "Even if he is made a general, Han Xin will definitely not stay." "

The king of Han said: "Then, let him be a general. Xiao He said: "That's great." "

At that moment, the King of Han wanted to call Han Xin to pay homage to the general. Xiao He said: "The king has always been arrogant and rude. If you appoint a general, it is like calling a child. This is the reason why Han Xin left. .

If the king sincerely worships him as a general, he should choose a good day, fast in advance, build a high altar, and follow the ceremony of appointing a general. That will do! "The King of Han agreed. When the officers heard about it, they were all secretly happy. Everyone thought that they would be appointed as generals. When the ceremony was held, they found out that it was Han Xin. The whole army was shocked.

4. The original text of a last-ditch battle. All the generals followed the example of the first captives, Xiu, Bi He, and asked for the letter: "The art of war is dotted with mountains on the right, and marshes on the left in front. Now the general ordered his ministers to turn their backs on Chen, saying that Zhao Huishi would be defeated, and the ministers would not accept it. . However, he actually won, so what's the trick? "Xin said: "This is the art of war, and Gu Zhujun is not aware of it.

Doesn’t the art of war say, ‘trap yourself in a place of death and then survive, put yourself in a place of death and then survive’? Moreover, it is not necessary to follow the scholar-bureaucrats. This so-called "driving the people from the city to fight" does not mean to put everyone to death and make everyone fight on his own. Now that the land is given to him, he will leave it. It is better to use it if it can be obtained. ! "All the generals were convinced and said: "Good. It is beyond the reach of my ministers. "

The translators presented their heads and prisoners. After the translation, they all congratulated Han Xin and took the opportunity to say to Han Xin: "The Art of War says: 'The marching formation should be set up with mountains on the right and behind, and water on the front and left. '. This time the general ordered us to line up against the enemy and said, "We defeated the Zhao army." We were not convinced, but we actually won. What kind of tactic was this? Han Xin replied: "This is also a soldier." 5. Annotations of the article titled Han Xin in classical Chinese

Han Xin, the Marquis of Huaiyin, was from Huaiyin. When he was still a commoner, his family was poor and dissolute. He was unable to be elected as a local official, and he did not know how to do business to sustain himself. Life. He often relies on others to make ends meet, and people hate him. He went to the countryside many times to beg for food at the home of the pavilion director in Nanchang. He ate for several months. The pavilion director's wife also had a headache about this matter. So I ate the meal early in bed. When it was time to eat, Han Xin came and no longer prepared food for him. Han Xin also understood their intentions and was very angry. From then on, he severed ties with them and left his home.

Han Xin went fishing in the north of the city when he had nothing to do. Many women were washing clothes by the river. One woman saw that Han Xin was hungry, so she gave him some food. This continued for dozens of days. Han Xin was very happy and said to the woman: "I will definitely repay you well.

The woman was very angry after hearing this and said, "A man can't make a living by himself. (It's really sad). I give you food because I feel sorry for you. How can I expect you to repay me!"

A young man among the butchers in Huaiyin insulted Han Xin and said, "Although you are tall and like to carry a sword, you are actually very timid at heart." And he insulted Han Xin in public and said, "If you are really not afraid of death, stab me with your sword. If you are afraid of death, just get under my crotch." "So Han Xin looked at him for a long time, lowered his body and crawled under his crotch. People on the street laughed at Han Xin and thought he was a coward.

When Xiang Liang crossed the Huaihe River and went north, Han Xin led Jian defected to Xiang Liang and became a subordinate of Xiang Liang. After Xiang Liang was defeated, he returned to Xiang Yu and Xiang Yu made him his doctor. He offered advice to Xiang Yu many times, but Xiang Yu did not adopt it. During the Shu period, Han Xin fled the Chu army and joined the King of Han. Later, he broke the law and was executed. He said: (1) "Didn't the King of Han want to unify the world?" Why should we kill the strong men? "Teng Gong was surprised after hearing what he said. He also saw that he had an extraordinary appearance, so he released him. He talked with him and admired him very much. He told the king of Han about it, and the king of Han appointed him as the governor of Sudu. Lieutenant, but did not feel that there was anything special about him.

Han Xin had discussed things with Xiao He many times, and Xiao He admired him very much. He didn't have time to report to the King of Han, so he went to chase Han Xin himself. Someone said to the King of Han: "Prime Minister Xiao He has escaped. "The King of Han was very angry after hearing this. After a day or two, Xiao He came to see the King of Han. The King of Han was angry and happy at the same time. He scolded Xiao He and said, "Why did you run away? Xiao He said: "I don't dare to run away. I want to chase the escapee." The king of Han said, "Who are you chasing?" Xiao He replied: "Han Xin." The King of Han scolded again: (2) "You didn't chase after dozens of generals who had already escaped. Chasing Han Xin is a lie." Xiao He said: "Those generals are easy to get. As for people like Han Xin, they are unique talents in the country." (3) If your Majesty only wants to be king of Hanzhong for a long time, then you don’t need Han Xin. If you are determined to fight for the world, there will be no one except Han Xin who can plan major events with you. The king of Han said: "I also want to expand eastward. How can I live here in sorrow and depression for a long time?"

Xiao He said: "If the king is determined to expand eastward and can use Han Xin, Han Xin will stay." If Han Xin cannot be used, Han Xin will eventually escape. The king of Han said: "For your sake, I appointed him as a general." Xiao He said: "Although you appointed him as a general, Han Xin still will not stay." The king of Han said: "Then let him be the general." "

Xiao He said: "Great. "So the King of Han summoned Han Xin and appointed him as the general. When the general was appointed, it turned out to be Han Xin, and the whole army was surprised. 6. Highlights from the Historical Records

In the story of "Living on a salary and tasting courage" in "Historical Records" Highlights: After Wu pardoned Yue, Gou Jian, the king of Yue, rebelled against the country. He was so anxious and anxious that he sat with his gallbladder in his arms. Shame? "He farmed by himself, and his wife knitted by herself. She didn't add meat to her food, and she didn't pick too much for her clothes. She paid tribute to the virtuous, treated her guests favorably, lifted up the poor and hung herself, and worked together with the people. He wanted to ask Fan Li to govern the country, and Li said to him: "Soldiers. When it comes to the task of A, planting is not as good as planting; when filling the country and caring for the people, planting is not as good as planting. "

So the whole country was governed by the official family, and Fan Li and the official Zheji Xingcheng were pledged to Wu. When he was two years old, Wu returned to Li.

Gou Jian returned from Kuaiji in the seventh year. The scholars and the people wanted to use it to repay Wu. When the officials met, they admonished him: "The new country is in exile. Now it is time to return to Yin to repair and prepare for profit. Wu will be afraid, and if you are afraid, it will be difficult."

Moreover, the attack of a bird of prey will definitely hide its shape. Now Wu's troops have joined the Qi and Jin Dynasties, and their grievances are deeper than those of Chu and Yue. They are famous all over the world, but are actually harming the Zhou family. They have few virtues but many merits, so they must be lustful and conceited.

For the sake of Vietnam's plan, it is better to unite with Qi, be close to Chu, and attach to Jin to strengthen Wu. Wu Zhizhi is broad and will fight lightly.

Even if we have the power, the Three Kingdoms attack it, and the more we inherit its disadvantages, the more we can defeat it. Gou Jian said: "Good."

" 7. Ancient text "Han Xin was humiliated by the crotch"

This is a historical story recorded in Sima Qian's Historical Records. The following information can help you.

Source: "Historical Records· "The Biography of the Marquis of Huaiyin": "There was an insult in the Huaiyin Massacre, saying: 'Although he has grown up, he likes to carry a sword, but Zhongqing is timid. ’ People were humiliated and said: ‘Believe can die, stab me, but you can’t die, come out of my crotch. ’ So he looked at it, pulled it out from under his crotch, and put it down. Everyone in the city laughed at the letter and thought it was timid. ”

Notes: ① Tu: A person who slaughters livestock as a profession. ② Zhongqing: the heart. ③ Public humiliation: public humiliation. ④ Able to die: not afraid of death. ⑤ Hakama: connected to "crotch", both Between the legs. ⑥Pu Fu: Same as "crouching", crawling on the ground

Allusion: There was a young butcher in Huaiyin. He insulted Han Xin and said, "You are taller than me, and you like to lead." He has a sword, but he is very cowardly at heart. And relying on their numbers, they insulted him and said: "If you are not afraid of death, then stab me to death; otherwise, crawl under my crotch." "Han Xin stared at him for a while, then leaned down and crawled under the opponent's crotch. People in the market laughed at him, thinking that Han Xin was really very courageous. After that, Han Xin found Liu Bang and gave him the recommendation letter Zhang Liang gave him. He submitted it and eventually became a general; if Han Xin had killed that gangster and paid for his life, Han Xin would not have become a general, let alone help Liu Bang attack Xiang Yu and dominate the world.

Usage. As an object; referring to a great insult

Similar words: Pu Fu

Revelation: A man can endure what the world cannot tolerate, so he can do what the world cannot.

[Example]: Li Qunyu's poem "Xian Wang Zhongcheng": "Zhang Yi will show off his tongue all his life, but Han Xin will be ashamed of his crotch. "

Zhu Xi's "Second Season Tongyun Presents Fan Kanghou": "The boss will be born every year, and I am willing to be humiliated. ”