What grammatical phenomenon is this?

This rhetorical phenomenon is called metonymy.

Metonymy, as its name implies, is to borrow one thing to replace another, so most of the borrowed pronouns are nouns. When using it, we must consider the legitimacy and universality of substitution, try to simplify it as much as possible, and achieve smooth meaning. Moreover, metonymy at this time is generally similar to seeing the big from the small, seeing the big from the small, reflecting the big situation or seeing the big from the small, making the sentence more vivid and concrete. Generally speaking, metonymy is a rhetorical method of borrowing people or things closely related to metonymy when speaking or writing articles, rather than directly saying what you want to express. What is replaced is called "ontology" and what is replaced is called "borrowing". When "ontology" does not appear, it is replaced by "borrowing body".

Proper use of metonymy can arouse people's association, make the sentence image prominent, distinctive, concise and vivid. The rhetorical effect of metonymy can be summarized in sixteen words: replacing complexity with simplicity, replacing emptiness with reality, replacing vulgarity with strangeness, and replacing affection with things.

For example, those who carve their names on stones, their names rot earlier than the bodies. (Cang Kejia, "Some People")

The "stone" in the example (1) is usually used as a monument material. Here, "stone" is used to replace the monument, which implicitly reveals that the dream of reactionary rulers who are enemies of the people and want to leave a name for future generations will eventually be shattered.

There are many methods of metonymy, mainly the following:

Partially generated whole

That is to say, replace the noumenon with the representative part of things.

If the green hills on both sides of the strait are opposite, the lonely sails come from the sun. (Looking at Tianmen Mountain from afar)

Replaced the boat with a part of the sail;

For example, fog will rest at dawn, and apes and birds will sing wildly; Night is coming and the scales are sinking. ("Thank you for writing the book")

Fish scales are used instead of fish.

Feature generation ontology

In other words, the name of the ontological thing is replaced by the characteristics and signs of the borrowing body (person or thing).

For example, Yamaraja was beheaded with a hundred thousand flags. (meiling three chapters)

It is a symbol rather than an ontology, and a "symbol" is used to replace the army or armed forces.

For example: white-collar workers

Use the dress characteristics of professionals to refer to themselves.

Concrete generation abstraction

For example: 1. The tenth year of Southland. (meiling three chapters)

The "beacon smoke" in the example 1 was originally a firework used for warning in ancient borders. Here it refers to war, which concretizes and visualizes the abstract concept of war.

Tool substitution ontology

For example: 1. In the season of scare farming, eight out of ten households have set fire to their stocks and can't open the pot. (Yu)

The word "hoarding" in 1 is a tool for storing grain, and "lighting the bottom of hoarding" is used to indicate the shortage of grain; A "pot" is a tool for cooking. If you can't open the pot, you have no food.

General terms for proper names

Replace the name of ontology with a special name of a typical person or thing.

For example: 1. If you kill a Li Gongpu, millions of people in Li Gongpu will stand up! ("The Last Speech")

The second "Li Gongpu" in 1 refers to a person who is not afraid of bloodshed and sacrifices, but fights for democracy and peace.

Replace the cause with the result.

Make people laugh.

Laughing is holding your stomach, and the reason for laughing is that there are jokes or funny things. Replacing "jokes" with the result of "laughter" makes people laugh.

Image instead of ontology

For example, there are two grandfathers sitting on it, one in the east is a jacket and the other in the west is a suit.

The country of origin of the product.

For example, the cups on the table are made of porcelain.

China here refers to ceramics. Because porcelain was produced in China and spread to the west through the Silk Road, the British and Americans used China as a substitute for ceramics.

Similarly, the British and Americans use Japan as a substitute for lacquerware.

Metonymy and metonymy are similar, they both replace one thing with another, but they are completely different in nature.

Metonymy means that there are generations in metaphor, and metonymy is generations rather than self-evident;

Metonymy focuses on similarity, while metonymy focuses on relevance. For example, porcelain is made in China, and the British and Americans call it China.

Metonymy can become a simile, but metonymy cannot. For example, British and American people call porcelain porcelain, but we can't say that porcelain is like porcelain.

There is a real relationship between metonymy ontology and metonymy. Generally speaking, this relationship is still relatively close.

The noumenon and vehicle of metonymy are essentially different things, but people connect them through association according to their similarity.

I hope it can help you solve the problem.