Analysis of Two Academic Situations in Classical Chinese

1. Two Classical Chinese Essays on Learning Chess

1. Two Classical Chinese Essays 1. Interpretation of the textbook 1. Brief description of the text.

The contents of these two classical Chinese articles are ancient Chinese stories. The content and principles are more suitable for students' cognitive level. The ancient thoughts contained in the articles can give students positive guidance. "Xue Yi" is selected from "Mencius·Gaozi".

The article first writes that Yi Qiu is the best at playing Go in the country, then writes that Yi Qiu teaches two people with different learning attitudes to play chess, and the learning results are completely different, and finally writes that the two people have different learning results. , not because of much difference in intelligence. Through this incident, it illustrates the principle that learning should be concentrated and not half-hearted.

"Two Children Debating the Sun" is selected from "Liezi·Tang Wen". It tells the story that Confucius met two children arguing on the road. One believed that the sun is closer to people in the morning, and the other believed that the sun was closer to people at noon. For this reason, both sides held different sides and could not settle the dispute. Even a learned man like Confucius could not decide. , was laughed at by two children.

The story reflects the two children's good observation, rational speech and Confucius's pragmatic attitude. The purpose of selecting classical Chinese is to allow students to initially perceive the language characteristics of classical Chinese, understand the thoughts and emotions of the ancients, and lay a foundation for learning classical Chinese in junior high schools.

When teaching, teachers should let students understand the general meaning of words and sentences through the annotations, understand the main content of the story, guide students to understand the principles stated in the article, and receive some Inspire. Compared with modern Chinese, classical Chinese is quite different in terms of words, sentence patterns, etc. Being able to correctly segment sentences and read fluently is the first difficulty encountered. Instructing students to read and recite aloud should be the focus of teaching this course.

From the perspective of understanding the text, it is not difficult to understand the things written in the text and the principles contained in it. The difficulty is to let students refer to the annotations to understand the meaning of each sentence. Only when you understand the meaning of a sentence can you correctly segment words and sentences and read the sentence smoothly.

Therefore, it is necessary to understand the meaning of each sentence as a teaching difficulty to overcome. 2. Word and sentence analysis.

(1) Understanding of sentences. ① Thinking of aid, hand over the bow and shoot it. This sentence is written about the performance of a person when he is learning chess. Although he seems to be listening to Yi Qiu's teaching, in his heart he is thinking about drawing the bow and shooting the swan.

Use a comparative method to narrate, so that the conclusion is natural and convincing. ②Why is he so wise? Said: Not so.

This is the conclusion of the article "Study of Chess". It concludes what is said in the article without demonstrating it, but the argument is included in the narrative. Seize the previous sentence "Although you learn from it, it is not as good as it is", understand the reason for "it is not like it", and understand that the results of doing things with concentration and doing things half-heartedly are completely different.

In order to deepen the understanding of this sentence, students can talk about it based on their own life reality in group cooperative learning. ③I approach people when the sun begins to rise. This is a child's point of view when arguing. He made a judgment based on his observation of the changes in the size of the sun at different times.

④The sun is cool at first sight, and the sun is like a hot spring in the middle of the day. This is another child's point of view in the debate, which was concluded based on the cool and hot feeling of the sun shining on the body at different times. ⑤Who knows so much about you? This is what two children said with a smile when they saw that Saint Kong could not make a decision - who said you are knowledgeable? This sentence uses a rhetorical question, showing the innocence and cuteness of the two children.

3. Reference translation. Learning Chess Yiqiu is the best chess player in the country.

He taught two students to play chess. One of the students was very attentive and only listened to Yi Qiu's teachings. Although the other student was also listening to Yi Qiu's lectures, he kept thinking about a swan coming from the sky. , wanting to draw an arrow and shoot it down. Although they study together, the latter classmate does not study as well as the former one.

Is it because his intelligence is not as good as others? Said: That's not the case. Two children arguing one day. One day, Confucius went to the East to study. He saw two children arguing about something, and he asked what the reason was.

A child said: "I think the sun is closer to people when it first rises, and farther away from people at noon." Another child thought that the sun is farther away from people when it first rises, and farther away at noon. Time should be closer.

A child said: "When the sun first comes out, it is as big as a car hood, but at noon it is like a plate. Isn't this the reason why it looks small when it is far away and big when it is close?" Another child said: "When the sun first comes out, it feels cool, but at noon it feels like putting your hand into hot water. Isn't this the principle that when you are close, you feel hot and when you are far, you feel cool? Confucius also couldn't judge. What's going on? The two children smiled and said: "Who said you are knowledgeable? " 2. Teaching objectives 1. Be able to read the full text and understand the content of the story based on the notes after class.

2. Read the text correctly, fluently and emotionally. Recite the text.

3. Understand the key words and sentences and comprehend the principles in the text. 4. Initially experience the characteristics of classical Chinese and stimulate interest in learning classical Chinese.

3. Teaching suggestions 1. Guide students to read relevant books or search for information online before class. , or the teacher can provide some relevant information to let students have a preliminary understanding of the lives of Confucius and Mencius. 2. When guiding primary school students to learn classical Chinese, it is not appropriate to explain the translation word by word, let alone ancient Chinese knowledge.

The key words and sentences should be understood by the students by comparing them with the annotations, and they should try to understand the general meaning of each sentence. The teacher will help when they encounter difficulties, such as "I go to people when the sun begins to rise" in "Two Children Debate the Sun". "Qu" means "distance", which is different from the common modern meaning.

There are also words such as "尰", "Hu" and "Ru" that rarely appear in modern texts. They appear many times in the text. Words like this need to be understood by students. It is recommended to take three steps to solve this difficulty: first, after students read the text, they should initially understand the meaning of the words and each sentence based on the annotations.

For students who do not understand. Teachers can provide guidance so that students can understand the context.

Third, primary school students can tell these two stories in their own words. When contacting classical Chinese, teachers should establish the concept of "reading aloud is the first priority".

The following steps can be taken to guide students to read aloud: First, teachers must first read the text in a clear and fluent manner. This will infect students and stimulate their interest in reading. Second, guide students to read fluently.

Guide the reading method of classical Chinese: first, slow down the reading speed, secondly, pause appropriately, and thirdly, read out different sentence patterns. The tone. For example, the correct pause of "thinking of the bow and shooting it" in "Xue Yi" is "thinking of the bow and shooting it"; "Why is he so wise? ". 2. Annotations for the first Chinese lesson "Two Classical Chinese Essays" in the second volume of the sixth grade.

Two Children Debate. Confucius traveled to the East and saw two children arguing. He (went over) and asked them what they were arguing about. What.

A child said: "I think the sun is closest to people when it first rises, and is far away at noon. Another child said: "I think the sun is far away when it first rises and is closer at noon." "

A child said: "When the sun first rises, it is as big as the roof of a carriage, and when it is noon, it is as big as a plate for food. Isn't that why the sun looks smaller when it is far away? Does it look bigger up close? Another child said: "When the sun first comes out, it's cool and slightly chilly. At noon, it's like putting your hand into hot water. Isn't this just that when the sun is close, it's hot and when it's far away, it's cool?" Confucius couldn't decide who was right or wrong. The two children smiled and said to Confucius: "Who said you are smart?" "Xue Yi Yi Qiu is the best chess player in the country.

Let him teach two people to play chess. One of them will concentrate on learning everything Yi Qiu teaches; while the other person will He was listening, but he always thought that a swan was about to fly over, and he wanted to shoot the swan down with his bow and arrow. In this way, although he studied with the previous person, he did not learn as well as the previous one.

Can it be said that his intelligence is not as good as the previous one? I said: That's not the case. 3. The main content of the first lesson "Two Classical Chinese Essays" in the second volume of the sixth grade Chinese Language Education Edition

One is "Xue Yi" and the other is "Two Children Debating the Sun". The article narrates the ancient At that time, two children relied on their own intuition. One believed that the sun was closer to people in the morning, and the other believed that the sun was closer to people at noon. For this reason, they each held their own opinions and couldn't argue. Even a learned man like Confucius couldn't make a judgment. . This story illustrates that in order to understand nature and explore objective truth, one must dare to think independently and question boldly; it also illustrates that the universe is infinite and knowledge is infinite, and even the most knowledgeable people will not know something, and learning is endless.

First, I will write about the debate between Confucius and two children on the road, and then write about the views held by the two children based on the intuition that people can experience in daily life to refute each other's views. Finally, it is written that Confucius was unable to make a decision when facing the argument between the two children, which caused the two children to "laugh". The full text is only about a hundred words, but it can give people many enlightenments. Expressing characters and unfolding storylines through dialogue descriptions are the characteristics of its language expression, which expresses the innocence and cuteness of the two children and the scientific attitude of Confucius' modesty, prudence, and seeking truth from facts

Yi Qiu is the best chess player in the country people. Let Yi Qiu teach two people to play chess. One of them concentrates on listening to Yi Qiu's teachings; while the other person is listening, but in his heart he always thinks that a swan is about to fly over and wants to shoot it with a bow and arrow. In this way, although he studied with the previous person, he did not learn as well as the previous person. Can we say that this is because his intelligence is not as good as the previous one? I said: That's not the case. 4. Lesson plan for the first lesson of sixth grade "Two Classical Chinese Essays"

Xueyi is available on Baidu. Teaching objectives: 1. Learn three new words, understand the meaning of sentences, grasp the content of the text, and understand the principle of concentration on doing things. .

2. Read and recite the text emotionally, with correct rhythm, pauses, and cadences, and initially experience the language characteristics of classical Chinese through repeated reading. 3. Understand initially the methods of learning classical Chinese and cultivate interest in learning classical Chinese.

Teaching focus and difficulty: Understand the meaning of each sentence, segment sentences correctly, and read and recite fluently. Teaching process: 1. Rough reading of the text and self-examination of doubts (1) Exciting introduction 1. The teacher retells the allusion of "Meng Mu's Three Moves" and the students guess.

2. Introduction to the author and getting to know Mencius. Small information in the self-read textbook for students: Mencius, whose name was Ke and whose courtesy name was Ziyu, was a native of Lu during the Warring States Period and a famous thinker, politician, and educator in my country.

He was a Confucian master after Confucius. He was honored as "The Lesser Sage" and later generations collectively called him and Confucius "Confucius and Mencius". He and his disciple *** compiled the book "Mencius". 3. Today we will study a classic article by Mencius (1), writing on the blackboard topic, questioning.

(2) Guide students to look at the illustrations to understand the questions (illustrations are shown in the courseware). What else do you want to know after understanding the question? (2) Self-reading and question setting 1. Read the text by yourself, read the pronunciation of the characters correctly, and read the sentences thoroughly.

2. Talk about your feelings while reading (classical Chinese is difficult to read and understand). 3. Teacher's model reading (1) Listen to the rhythm and mark the pauses and mispronounced or inaccurate pronunciations.

(2) Did you hear the difference between the classical Chinese text and the vernacular text when the teacher just read it? (Summary of the reading method: the reading speed is relatively slow and there are many pauses in the sentence) 4. Students at the same table practice reading with each other. 5. Point to read aloud, pay attention to the correct pronunciation: Honghu (hu) (fu) Furuo and Gongjiao (zhuo) 6. Oh, you all seem to have become young scholars full of poetry! After reading the text thoroughly, do you still have any questions? 7. Questions arise.

2. Read the text intensively and solve the doubts 1. The meaning will appear after reading the book a hundred times. If the method is just right, it will be easier to learn. Let us pick up the textbook and read the text together in translation. 2. Group cooperation, comparative reading of ancient Chinese and translated texts, and problem solving and inquiry.

3. Read the text and question and investigate 1. Quiet thinking and lively discussion made the teacher feel that the students are very enthusiastic about learning classical Chinese. Is there anything gained? Did you find anything? Who dares to be the first in the world? ―――Who dares to speak first? (Youngsheng raises his hand) OK! Someone who dares to be the first in the world appears. Please boldly report it to everyone. Student: I found that there are many in the article, but they all have different meanings. 2. It is really a great discovery. Show: Yi Qiu, the one who is good at chess in the country.

Pay it/shoot it. Although I learned from both of them, it’s not like this.

Why/is it so wise/not as good as it is? Said: non/ran. 3. Encourage students to annotate the meaning of the word "Zhi" or draw the corresponding meaning in the translation.

4. Report and exchange △ "Yi Qiu is the best chess player in the country." (1) Guide students to compare the translations and talk about the meaning of sentences. At the same time, with the help of pictures, help students initially master and understand classical Chinese words and sentences. basic method.

(2) Use the camera to guide students to understand the meaning of "Zhe" and "Ye". Health: A person who is good at playing chess.

Teacher: You are right. From this point of view, the word "person" should strictly speaking be regarded as a "person".

Look at what you just said: the author - the person who writes the article, the reader - the person who reads the article, the winner - the person who wins, are all "people", right? △"Let Qiu teach two people to play chess... I want to help him, hand over his bow and shoot. Although I have learned from him, I am not as good as him."

(1) Communicate your understanding of each sentence , and then understand the different meanings of "zhi". (2) Everyone has read through the text and now understands the text.

So, the same two people learned chess from Yi? Why does a person learn well? What if the other person can’t learn well? Health: One person is dedicated, the other is half-hearted. Student: One person is very focused on studying, while the other person is thinking about how to shoot the swan down.

Teacher: Can you read their respective performances? (In the text) Student: Find a sentence to read. Teacher: Is it because the intelligence of the latter disciple is not as good as that of the former one? ---------------Why is he so smart? △"Why is he so wise? He said: Not so." (1) To understand and communicate the meaning of sentences, students are required to use their own words to explain the meaning of the sentences clearly and speak smoothly.

(2) Guide reading aloud and experience the tone of classical Chinese reading aloud (a question-and-answer format) 5. What attitudes do they have towards learning - one is dedicated, the other is half-hearted , the idiom "concentrate" comes from the article "Xue Yi". Can you use different idioms to summarize the performance of the two of them? Concentrate----------absent-minded, single-minded-----------half-hearted, focused-----------unfocused and meticulous-----------looking around 6. Performance Reading 4, Testing, Feedback, Expansion and Extension 1. At this point in the text, it must have been a profound inspiration for you, that is----------no matter what you do, you must concentrate on it. Yes, because attitude is everything.

Come on, classmates, use our talents to create a few warning words for all the people in our lives who do things half-heartedly, and point out the way for them. 2. Warnings created by students: 5. Recommended reading to improve literacy 1. Recommended reading: "The game we play today is only a decimal. If you don't concentrate, you won't be able to do it."

("Mencius? Gaozi" 》A sentence in the original text that was not selected for this lesson), students at the same table understood and communicated, and deepened their understanding of the ideological connotation of the text. 2. Collect and read short stories in classical Chinese such as "Carving a Boat to Seek a Sword" and "Waiting for a Rabbit".

3. Expand or create a story.

(What will be the result if both people concentrate on the game?) Attachment: Concentrate on blackboard design to learn chess, learn half-heartedly, and gain nothing. Attitude determines everything. The teaching objectives of the "Two Children's Debate Day" lesson plan: 1. Organize students to read the text, read Accurately understand the new words and new words in the text; 2. Combine the under-book annotations in the text with cooperative reading to grasp the main idea of ??the text; 3. Cultivate students' interest in questioning and exploring knowledge, and stimulate students' enthusiasm for innovation.

Teaching focus: 1. Organize students to read the text, read and understand the new words and new words in the text accurately; 2. Combine the under-book annotations in the text with cooperative reading to master the main idea of ??the text. Teaching difficulties: 1. Cultivate students' interest in questioning and exploring knowledge, and stimulate students' enthusiasm for innovation.

Teaching. 5. Two third questions in the first lesson of classical Chinese in the second volume of the sixth-grade Chinese textbook published by the People's Education Press. Read the text and complete it

(1)

Tongguo: Nationwide

Shan: good at; good at

Yi: playing chess

Teaching: teaching

Yuan: lead, pull

Both: Together

(2)

The text describes two people learning to play Go from Yi Qiu. One was concentrating on it, the other was half-hearted. As a result, the former learned better than the latter. This story tells us that we must concentrate on everything we do and never do it half-heartedly.

(3)

Is it because his intelligence is not as good as the previous one? Said: That's not the case.

(1)

Therefore: reason

Soup: hot water

Judgment: judgment

Cooked: Who

(2)

Another child thinks that the sun is far away from people when it first rises, and is close to people at noon.

Who said you are knowledgeable?

(3)

From the text (Confucius cannot decide) one sentence. . The method is (visual and sensory). during the debate. ..are very good at observing and speaking well-founded. .Exhibited the attitude of (not knowing means not knowing, seeking truth from facts).

(4)

Sensitive and eager to learn, and not ashamed to ask questions.

Knowing is knowing, not knowing is not knowing, this is knowing.

When three of us travel together, I must be my teacher.

It is a joy to learn and practice from time to time. 6. Two lesson plans for "Shishuoxinyu"

Two lesson plans for "Shishuoxinyu" Teaching objectives 1. Knowledge and ability: reading simple classical Chinese.

Accumulate common classical Chinese words. Able to understand basic content with the help of notes and reference books.

2. Process and methods: autonomous, cooperative, and inquiry-based learning methods. 3. Emotions, attitudes and values: Understand the stories of smart and witty young people in ancient times, and learn the ancient virtues of wisdom, honesty, trustworthiness, and respect for others.

Analyze characters and obtain emotional experience. Key points in teaching: Recite texts and accumulate classical Chinese words. Pre-class preparation for the translation of key words and phrases that are difficult to teach. Students: prepare stories about smart and witty young people in ancient times and communicate them in class.

Read the text thoroughly and retell the text. Find information about authors and works.

Teachers: Look up information about authors and works. Teaching methods: recitation, retelling, communication, discussion, multimedia-assisted teaching.

Teaching content These two stories are about smart young people in ancient times. "Song of Snow" tells a story from the Xie family, a famous literary family in the Jin Dynasty.

At a family gathering, Xie Daoyun showed his talent for chanting xu. "Chen Taiqiu and Friends" tells the story of Chen Ji, a famous scholar in the late Han Dynasty, who talked eloquently to his father's friends when he was seven years old.

Although the two stories are in classical Chinese, the language is relatively simple and they revolve around family life and family relationships, making it relatively easy for students to learn.

Teaching Process Design (First Lesson) "Song of Snow" 1. Create Scenario Introduce new lesson (play "Edelweiss" as background music.)

Multimedia displays pictures of snowflakes for students to appreciate. Then transition to question design: What do you think snowflakes look like? What metaphor is good? Then I asked them, in this case, do you want to know what the ancients used to describe snowflakes? Then introduce the text you have learned. Second explanation questions: 1. Name the students first and let them introduce. 2. The teacher will then show the slides and provide supplementary explanations. Rumors and anecdotes about people, mainly short stories.

The book has 8 volumes, divided into 36 categories such as virtue, speech, political affairs, literature, founder, and wisdom. "Yong Snow" is selected from the "Speech" category, and "Chen Taiqiu and Youqi" is selected from the "Fangzheng" category.

This book not only retains many precious historical materials, but also becomes one of the sources of classical novels because of its concise language and vivid characters. 3. Overall Perception Independent Exploration 1 Students read aloud freely, and the teacher makes suggestions.

2. Students demonstrate reading and make comments. 3. Students read aloud in different roles, and teachers should provide guidance, such as sentence reading, intonation, etc.

Focus on the "reading" aspect and strive to become recited in class. 4. Clear the meaning of the text. The teacher requires students to compare the annotations, read the text silently, clear the meaning of the text, and use the circle and outline method to record the words and sentences that they do not understand, such as key words: "ER", "Xinran", "伊", "伟如" ,wait.

Let the students bring up the words and sentences they do not understand, and the whole class can discuss and solve them together. When necessary, the teacher will give precise instructions.

(Teachers should remind students to use the methods of adding words and changing words that they have learned before to clarify the meaning of the text.) 4. Group discussion to question the experience? Teacher guidance 1 Use the method of independent and cooperative inquiry in the form of groups The learning method consists of students questioning, discussing, and solving doubts, and teachers guiding on tour.

2 Ask students to write down discussion notes. Groups will select representatives to raise representative and difficult questions in the discussion.

Discuss as a class and draw conclusions. Teachers provide guidance when necessary.

(It is not necessary to consider the order in which students ask questions. Teachers can flexibly control it. If key questions have not been raised yet, they can be raised by teachers.) "Yong Snow" question group: (can be determined according to the questions raised by students) a What does the first sentence of the article, just fifteen words, convey? b. What kind of family atmosphere are created by words such as "Hanxue", "Neiji", "Xinran" and "Laughing"? c. Considering the context, how does the meaning of “children” differ from today’s? d. At the end of the article, Xie Daoyun’s identity is revealed. What is the purpose? A picture of heavy snow falling on a multimedia projection (let students observe the picture and then discuss and analyze it.)

e. Which of the two metaphors is better: salt in the air or catkins blowing up in the wind? Also, talk about other things that can be used to describe snow. Accumulate a few famous sentences praising snow.

Students answered from different angles, and teachers encouraged them. Let students expand their thinking about Yongxue's famous sayings.

5. Student-to-student communication Expansion and extension Let students cite a few more metaphorical poems used by ancient people to sing about white snow. Communicate the poems you found in advance with the students.

The snow is too late for spring, so it flies through the trees in the garden. ——Han Yu's "Spring Snow" Suddenly, like a spring breeze coming overnight, thousands of pear trees bloom.

——Cen Shen's "Song of White Snow Sends Magistrate Wu Back to the Capital" The snowflakes in Yanshan Mountain are as big as mats, and they blow off Xuanyuan Terrace. ——Li Bai's "Travel to the North Wind" When the six flying flowers come into the house, sit and watch the green bamboos turn into green branches.

——Gao Qun's "Snow" 5. Use metaphors Imagine writing the poems of ancient people praising snow so exquisitely - (question design) What kind of metaphor is a good metaphor? Summary: From "similar in appearance" to "similar in spirit"! Let students try to write metaphorical sentences: There are 26 letters in English. Choose any few of these capital letters and use your imagination to imitate the sentences. Example: A is a pyramid, which is progress.

B is two connected hearts, a friendship.

C is the crescent moon that is not yet full, which is a metaphor for students with shortcomings to show themselves... and at the same time, timely comments from teachers and students! 6. Teacher’s summary and homework assignments.

1 Teacher’s Summary 2 Assignments (1) Recite the article "Song of Snow" on the basis of reading the rhythm and the charm. (2) Collect ancient poems praising snow (3) Preview the blackboard design of "Chen Taiqiu and Youqi" "Shishuoxinyu" Praise for Snow Similarity in form - similarity in spirit It is a metaphor for the artistic conception of beauty.