I often hear that Yu Qiuyu’s cultural prose has fallacies. What are the specific ones? Example

Yu Qiuyu's articles are a bit like those of the Hanlin Academy at present; although the articles of the Hanlin Academy are the same as the prescriptions of the Taiyuan Hospital, the memorials of the Metropolitan Inspectorate, the tea soup of Guanglu Temple, etc., they are a few of those of the Capital. It's a big joke, but the brocade is gorgeous, and it is indispensable in all ceremonies such as ancestor worship, sealing, declaration of war, etc. Yu Qiuyu's articles are also beautiful and gorgeous. They are indispensable at the moment, but they are also a bit like a joke.

Yu Qiuyu’s articles are as easy to use allusions and talk about history as those in the Hanlin Academy. Yu Qiuyu reads history, only the stories, not the text, so Yu Qiuyu's history is full of nice stories; these stories are turned into prose by Yu Qiuyu adding soy sauce, MSG and vinegar. After the historical thread was disconnected and turned into prose, Yu Qiuyu began to express emotions. With emotion, this article is somewhat touching.

Although the article is touching, Yu Qiuyu's history is still not well read; so some people wrote articles and even published books to criticize it. I read a few critical articles and found them interesting, so I also read "Walker Without Borders" written by Yu Qiuyu. There was a part about Northern Europe. After reading it, I found it even more interesting because Yu Qiuyu was ignorant of the history and culture of Northern Europe. , completely to the point of being blank; so without complaining, I also talked with Yu Qiuyu about the history of Northern Europe. Let’s hear the message.

"Two"

The fourth part of "Walker Without Borders", Northern Europe, from fifty-fourth to sixty-one, eight articles, written about Denmark, Sweden, Norway and Iceland. After reading through it, I found that almost every article has shortcomings caused by ignorance; Yu Qiuyu took a large sum of money from others and traveled to the Nordic countries for a few days; relying on Yu Qiuyu's writing style, he wrote a few scenic travel notes, but they were so-so. It is also interesting; the problem is that Yu Qiuyu wants to talk about history.

The history of Northern Europe has always been rarely introduced in China; so Yu Qiuyu talked about Nordic history with great enthusiasm; the few gentlemen who came to dig at Yu Qiuyu's bad feet were not very familiar with Nordic history. Therefore, Yu Qiuyu couldn't help but talk a lot; the one that talked about history the most was Chapter 57 of "Walkers Without Borders", "The Honesty of History." Yu Qiuyu visited the "Viking Ship Museum" in Oslo, which caused a lot of discussion.

Let’s talk about Vikings first; in the fourth part of "Walker Without Borders", Yu Qiuyu everywhere claimed that he could read "Sakya". This is of course Yu Qiuyu's bragging, because the Saga is written in ancient Icelandic. Then we understand that Yu Qiuyu can read English. But according to what Yu Qiuyu said, the museum that displays Viking ships is part of the Norwegian Museum of Culture and History; in Norwegian it is called Vikingskipshuset, Viking Ship Exhibition Hall, and in English it is Viking Ship Museum. It is clearly a "Viking Ship Museum". Yu Qiuyu said: "The Pirate Museum in Oslo".

This is of course a small mistake, but the main reason for making this mistake is that Yu Qiuyu does not understand the history of the Vikings at all, so he simply and ignorantly equates the Vikings with pirates. Because of this, Yu Qiuyu said eloquently, "Pirates are pirates,,,," and so on. Anyone who knows a little bit about English knows that Viking is a historical noun, such as the Viking Age, Viking culture, etc., while pirate is a common noun; equating Viking and pirate is equivalent to equating Viking with pirate. A bamboo forest and a bamboo chair are the same; ignorance and jokes are nothing more than this.

Not understanding history and talking about history is exactly what Yu Qiuyu’s joke is. The following paragraph is: “Look at Norway, in ancient times, some people caught some fish, hunted and gathered some wild fruits on the seashore. , and later learned to plant and build ships, their lifestyle was very backward and they could not cope with climate change and population increase. "This is a typical Yu Qiuyu-style prose culture.

The historical fact is that the lifestyle of the ancient Nordic people was quite advanced. Their shipbuilding technology, smelting and forging iron, navigation technology, wine making, pig raising, etc. far exceeded that of the Europeans of the same period; the Vikings valued knowledge and wisdom, Many of them were prolific poets; they also had runic scripts, which, although a bit superstitious, were used to establish monuments to historical events.

The American "Times" published a long article in May 2000 titled "The Incredible Vikings". While introducing the historical facts of the Vikings' discovery of the American continent, It is also more pertinent to point out that the Vikings were politically democratic and economically weaved a huge trade network that extends to today's Iraq; at the same time, they were masters of forging and smelting; they were able to make the most fashionable items out of silver and gold. jewelry. An archaeological discovery in the UK also showed that the Vikings who once lived in England took a bath once a week and were much cleaner than the local British. Such a fact, Yu Qiuyu actually closed his eyes and said: "The lifestyle is very backward"?

Yu Qiuyu first made a huge conceptual mistake by equating Vikings with pirates; under the guidance of this mistake, the rest was all conjecture and guesswork. He didn't understand at all that the word "Viking" itself came from the Nordic language. "vik" means harbor, such as Reykjavik, and the "vik" at the end means harbor. Vik plus the suffix ing, or the plural form ingar, means "people from the Gulf", which itself is a very neutral word. In modern English, the word viking does not have any derogatory connotation.

A derogatory term for Vikings and associated with pirates, coming from the religious opposition between the Nordic countries and Christianity. In the European continent where Christianity dominates the world, the powerful peoples in Northern Europe do not believe in the Christian God, but believe in the polytheism in Nordic mythology. Naturally they are barbarians; this is a typical saying that the winner is the king and the loser is the bandit. ; Christianity finally won, so the barbarians who believed in polytheism were called "pirates."

The period from the eighth to the eleventh century AD was the dark Middle Ages on the European continent. Christianity imprisons people's thoughts and suppresses humanity, while at the same time amassing wealth in churches. At the same time, the Christian church was extremely hostile to pagans and tried its best to conquer and persecute them. This is common knowledge in European history. It is in this sense of opposition that the Viking pirates could not help but attack the church, kill the monks, and seize the gold and silver treasures accumulated in the church. On the contrary, in places where they are not regarded as savages, they are polite businessmen. For example, on the East Road, the Vikings focused on trade and established their trading base in Kiev for this purpose. Contrary to Christianity's solitary attitude, the Vikings were more able to respect other religions. Archaeologists even discovered a Buddha statue from North India from the tomb of a Swedish king.

「三」

When Yu Qiuyu fell into the trap of common sense, his comments and emotions became very ridiculous. "Piracy began in the late eighth century and committed serious crimes against the plundered areas and residents. However, from a distance, it objectively promoted navigation and trade. This is a move from ignorance to barbarism. And he created conditions for civilization in an uncivilized way." Here, Yu Qiuyu completely reversed the historical facts, because if you read any book about Viking pirates, you can read that the Viking pirates themselves were excellent navigators. Tireless explorers and traders, they became violent conquerors and brave warriors only where they could not trade, especially in Christian lands that hated them. What is Yu Qiuyu's basis for saying that piracy promotes navigation and trade?

Reversing the causal relationship in history is Yu Qiuyu's specialty; because Yu Qiuyu does not read history, he only reads historical stories, and immediately writes prose and sells it. When he talked about Iceland, he said that some tribes had difficulty making a living in Norway and settled in ice and snowy places like Iceland and Greenland.

This sentence is naturally very flawed; the Norwegians did not come to live in Iceland and Greenland because it was difficult to make a living, let alone Reykjavik, the capital of Iceland with a large concentration of residents, is not a land of ice and snow at all, because Reykjavik Javik has an oceanic climate, with both the warm Atlantic current and extremely rich geothermal resources, so the climate is relatively warm and humid. Such a statement is basically a small problem in this book; then, a big problem comes.

Immediately afterwards, Yu Qiuyu said with infinite emotion, "Settling is a kind of entry into civilization. No matter what your identity and attitude are at the beginning, sooner or later you will be assimilated by the local civilization." It was said categorically and there was no room for negotiation. Let me ask, when the Nordics entered Iceland and Greenland, what was the local civilization? How to assimilate them? Put another way, when the Spanish colonists entered the Americas, were they also "assimilated by the local civilization"? On the other hand, aren't the local Indians civilized? Indian civilization is the local civilization. According to Yu Qiuyu, the American continent should now be dominated by Indian civilization.

Historical ignorance continues. When Yu Qiuyu introduced Iceland in Chapter 58, "The Tranquility Hermit", more ignorance appeared: "Its (Iceland's) history began in the ninth century, due to pirates. It has since accepted the culture from Norway. After immigration,,,,,," this paragraph seemed to be a quotation; but after Yu Qiuyu read these words, he began to imagine boldly. Related to the above paragraph, it is said that Norwegians immigrated to Iceland because it was difficult for Norwegians to make a living in Norway! After Yu Qiuyu spent a long time in Iceland for "cultural investigation", he actually knew nothing about the history of Iceland.

The most common historical knowledge about Iceland is that when the Norwegian King Harald the Hair (860-940) used force to unify Norway, many tribal chiefs in northern Norway united against Harald the Hair. "; When the opposition alliance failed, some chiefs fled to Iceland and settled down in order to avoid Harald the Great's northward army. Later, some Norwegian chiefs who fled to Scotland also returned to Iceland. Therefore, the earliest inhabitants of Iceland were seeking refuge, not what Yu Qiuyu said about how difficult it is to make a living in Norway; otherwise it would sound a bit like the 359th Brigade’s reclamation of Nanniwan.

Immediately afterwards, Yu Qiuyu said: "Today's Icelanders can read ancient Norse texts without any difficulty, but the Norwegians themselves are completely unable to do so." This is the biggest joke about Norwegian. As we all know, the language of the ancient Nordic countries was unified and belonged to a type of ancient Germanic language; it was called Norse. The so-called Old Norse is an "official language" formed by this ancient Norse language after being influenced by Danish. The Norwegian language is quite interesting. Just like the situation before the emergence of Chinese vernacular, the written language and the spoken language are different. The so-called Old Norse is actually a written language, Bokm? l, or the official language, and when most people speak, they use a new Norwegian language, Nynorsk, or country dialect landnorsk. The problem is that Norwegians still use the written language most often in media, literature and official documents. , Yu Qiuyu actually said that "Norwegians themselves are completely unable to do it", which is really something that makes people laugh out loud.

"Four"

Let's talk about Sakya. An interesting feature of the origin of Nordic culture is that in the eyes of ancient Nordic people, the world of gods and the world of humans were clearly separated. In Greek mythology, there are often ruthless gods who marry humans and have children; in Northern Europe, this is the intervention of gods in human lives. Because of this, classic works of Nordic culture usually distinguish between myths and heroic legends relatively clearly. For example, in the Poetic Edda, the first fourteen poems are myths, and the rest are about heroic legends. Saga is dedicated to writing heroic legends.

Yu Qiuyu "investigated" the culture of Northern Europe. If you have some knowledge, you should know the two "Edda" and the Saga.

However, in this brilliant article of tens of thousands of words, and it talks about the history and culture of Northern Europe, Yu Qiuyu did not mention a word about Nordic mythology, which shows that he does not understand Nordic mythology at all; because Yu Qiuyu's characteristic is that as long as he If you know a little about something, you will definitely talk about it in a dazzling way; even in the Viking Ship Museum, I copied some exhibition instructions, and even copied the name of the museum wrong, and still talked about it; and extended it greatly, Make a beautiful article.

Although he did not know what the "Edda" was, the ambassador of Iceland gave Yu Qiuyu a set of "Saga Collection". This was a very glorious thing that moved Yu Qiuyu, so in the last few articles of "Walker Without Borders", Yu Qiuyu took the trouble to talk many times about those Sakya books, how to carry them back and forth in the travel bag, how to Night reading, etc. In fact, this "Sakya Collection" was a Chinese translation published by the Commercial Press a few years ago with funding from the Icelandic Embassy. Yu Qiuyu read one of the articles, and then wrote an article in "Walkers Without Borders", the 61st "Niyarsakya". In fact, this article could probably have been written without going to Iceland for “investigation”.

It is said that Yu Qiuyu only read one of them because when Yu Qiuyu talked about Sakya, he was somewhat out of line. Yu Qiuyu said, "I know that these thoughts of mine are influenced by Sakya. The pace of life here is slow, and all actions are accompanied by long waits"; what about "suffocating spiritual collisions" and so on. It seems that the Icelandic ambassador's book was given away for free, because except for "Nyal Saga", which is more like a contemporary Nordic novel, the other saga stories are some grand heroic legends, such as "Wei Yin" "The Saga of Land" tells the story of how the Viking explorers arrived in Veyinland, that is, the discovery of America five hundred years before Columbus; how can this be related to "slow pace" and "suffocating"?

「五」

The more factual fallacy is that in Chapter 61, "The Director of the Icelandic Ancient Books and Manuscripts Museum," there is no such ancient books and manuscripts library in Iceland. The oldest collection of classics in Iceland is a research institute called the "Ani Magnuson Institute" in memory of the Icelandic scholar Ani. Established by Magnuson. The Icelandic Ancient Books and Manuscripts Library is really irrelevant. At the end of the same chapter, it is said that Borges only regretted not coming here to have a look. It seems that Yu Qiuyu is much more impressive than Borges; but in fact, Borges had been there in 1979 Iceland, and also learned Icelandic.

In the article "Putting Snow in the House" in Chapter 60, we talk about Iceland's communal parliament, Alting. Of course, Yu Qiuyu didn't understand what a commune council was. However, he obviously copied the instructions incorrectly: "Thirty-six local chiefs participated in the assembly." It has always been difficult to count the number of chiefs participating in Iceland's Communal Assembly. But what is relatively fixed is that at the commune assembly, the chiefs jointly appoint thirty-six legal spokesmen, like a panel of judges. It was obvious that when Yu Qiuyu copied the explanation, he mistaken the legal spokesperson for the local leader.

In the same chapter, "a group of pirates and their families who set out from Northern Europe settled here." This is even more ridiculous common sense error; isn't Iceland a part of Northern Europe? In fact, the word Nordic is a concept used to include Iceland; otherwise, it should be called Scandinavia. It can be seen that Yu Qiuyu does not even have the most basic geographical concepts of Northern Europe.

The last paragraph, "There are no temples of gods here,,,,,". Judging from the context, this passage does not only refer to the meeting place of the Commune Parliament, but to Iceland in general. If this is the case, Yu Qiuyu certainly would not know that there have been many temples to worship the gods in Icelandic history; even if you just read the Chinese version of "Saga Collection", you can at least know that in many sagas, many temples are mentioned. Temple of God. Vatnsd? Chapter 15 of la saga depicts such a temple, which is as wide as a hundred feet.

In the article "The Dilemma Experiment" in Chapter 56, when talking about Sweden, he said: "Sweden, which appeared in front of the world at the beginning of the twentieth century, was already a very wealthy industrialized power.

"Another ridiculous conclusion. Sweden's industrialization was not completed until the 1950s because it avoided the Second World War; Sweden at the beginning of the 20th century was just an agricultural country. Yu Qiuyu The prose of "Sweden" suddenly advanced Sweden's industrialization by half a century!

Chapter 54 "Nordic Fairy Tales" talks about Andersen's former residence, "The evidence is that the national flag is rarely raised. "Denmark raised a flag upright on that red-roofed house". This is simply sensational; Danes are exactly one of the countries in the world that like to raise their flag. About Danish religious philosopher Kierkegaard , Yu Qiuyu said: "The most dazzling philosophical constellation in the nineteenth century,,," This is a bit strange. Could it be that Mr. Yu Qiuyu is an existentialist? If not, Kierkegaard is indeed great, but he is compared to "the most dazzling philosophical constellation. "A dazzling philosophical constellation, then, in comparison, Hegel, Kant and Marx should belong to a relatively bleak philosophical constellation?

"Six"

Written So many of Yu Qiuyu's Hanlin Academy articles basically made clear his ignorance and fallacies about history. Generally speaking, when Yu Qiuyu writes about Nordic history, he often asks Guan Gong to fight Qin Qiong. It actually doesn't matter whether Guan Gong fights Qin Qiong. The problem is that after the fight, Yu Qiuyu began to think about it again, and even began to express emotions. This is the most terrible thing, at least much more terrible than the Hanlin Academy article. Because the Hanlin Academy's articles, at least, are not allowed to be lyrical.

Let’s go back to Viking history. Yu Qiuyu asked Guan Gong to fight Qin Qiong, that is, after equating the concept of Vikings with pirates, he began to make historical associations. One association is that "Norwegians are neither ashamed nor proud of this period of history of their ancestors", so they need to "understand the Norwegian mentality more deeply." Such an association is entirely based on his misconceptions about history. Norwegians, including people from other Nordic countries, are very proud of their ancestors, especially this period of polytheistic worship. Therefore, if Mr. Yu Qiuyu can understand the word Viking, there are things named after Viking everywhere in Northern Europe, including Viking routes, Viking publishing houses, Viking hotels, and Viking souvenirs. Under such a situation, Yu Qiuyu actually thought about whether the Norwegians would "apologise to the victimized countries", which was really a bit worrying.

Judging from the words Yu Qiuyu used for the Nordic Vikings, he used many expressions similar to "salvation", "yiyi", "enlightenment" and even "put down the butcher knife and become a Buddha immediately". But while Yu Qiuyu was talking, he seemed to have forgotten that if the Nordic Vikings were the objects, then what was the subject, or subject, of these religious words? If the Vikings are, as Yu Qiuyu said, representatives of evil, then the medieval Christian church that redeemed them was the embodiment of good? On the other hand, Genghis Han and his descendants fought all the way to the Danube River; in the eyes of Europeans, they were nothing more than a group of bandits. According to Yu Qiuyu’s logic, shouldn’t China also consider “apologising” to the victimized countries?

As a public intellectual, Yu Qiuyu’s articles are read by countless people. Rationally speaking, the more publicized Yu Qiuyu's articles are, the more they will contribute to the intellectualization of the entire society. But the more important point is that what is fair and standardized must be real knowledge, not copied exhibition instructions. This means that Yu Qiuyu should not talk about the history of Northern Europe when he does not know the Edda at all and has only read one Saga; this is often the source of a lot of falsehoods. When it comes to culture, what stands at the source of rumors and rumors is often not a very positive image; because history itself can best measure the weight of culture.