There used to be express delivery in history Do you know what this is?

Logistics always evolves with the history of human development. Modern post stations are places where government documents and military mission reports are reported, and places where people or officials on the way are provided with accommodation and horses are changed. The history books of China Post and Posthouse have a history of more than 3,000 years. Confucius once said: Desheng is posted, and life is passed on (Desheng informs the king of life at the post office). The car used to report documents is called Chuan, the horse used is called Yi, and the foot is called Yi. These are collectively called Jia.

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With the consent of China, Qin Shihuang devoted himself to building two large-scale national defense projects. First, build the Great Wall to resist the Huns and go south to nomadic people in advance; The second is to build a "straight road", using the original roads of other countries during the Warring States period, which are the same, connected and expanded. The supporting equipment used to inform the military situation is commonly known as "Imperial Road" and "Xian Tiao" in northern Shaanxi. According to historical records, the widest part of Qin Zhi Road can reach 60 meters (equivalent to the current 20 lanes).

The postal distance is mostly 25 kilometers, which is the interval that adults can travel back and forth on the same day. The "Ten Miles and One Pavilion" in the Qin Dynasty is an administrative structure with public security as the main body below the township level. Liu Bang, Emperor Gaozu, is now the curator of Surabaya Pavilion. In the Han dynasty, "mail was changed", and the delivery of human flesh on foot was changed to express delivery on horseback. The regulation was "three miles and one mail". The official letter "Ben Shu Ming" of the Western Han Dynasty (a bit like a chicken hair letter) took only seven days to go back and forth from Jincheng to Chang 'an. Jincheng is in the southeast of Yongjing, Gansu Province, about 720 kilometers away from Xi 'an, so it can be seen that it has to walk more than 400 miles at most every day. In the Han Dynasty, a single "post station" for sending official letters and military information gradually changed into a "post station" for catering and accommodation institutions with the function of welcoming past officials and messengers. The "Bei Yi" written by Li Shangyin is the place where Zhuge Liang was stationed in the Northern Expedition. "The general was ordered to wield the magic pen, but your emperor was defeated and took the prison car", saying that Liu Chan went to Cao Wei by mail.

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During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, because of the excavation of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, the transportation extended in all directions and the amphibious life was more convenient. Envoys and officials of various countries frequently exchange official business, and the post office is changed to highlight its welcoming function. In the heyday of the Tang Dynasty, there were 1643 post offices all over the world, with more than 20,000 staff handling post office affairs. There is the basic scope of express delivery. You need a post ticket to stay at the post station, which is issued by the provinces under the capital and the military States outside the city. In addition, officials at all levels enjoy extra remuneration, and the accommodation provided by the post station shall not exceed three days. Officials with more than five products are allowed to stay in the post office because of private business trips, but they have to handle the cooking themselves. In the Tang Dynasty, there was a story about a post station. The post is a six-day post near 180, and the story is a four-day post near 120. On November 9th, 14th year of Tianbao, An Lushan rose up and defected in Fanyang. Tang Xuanzong was very free and easy in Huaqing Palace. The two places are 3000 miles apart. Within six days, Tang Xuanzong knew the news, and the notification rate reached 500 miles a day. In addition to the regular military newspaper, the fastest thing is forgiveness. Do ten stops every day because of disregard for human life. Express delivery of aquatic products and fruits became popular in the Tang Dynasty. Pingyuan County (now Shandong Province) paid tribute to crabs. According to Duan Youyang Miscellanies, this kind of crab was caught in Hejian area, which is very precious. The price of a crab is 100 yuan in advance. In order to keep it alive, it is sealed with felt when paying tribute every year, tied in a post station and sent to Beijing immediately. Du Mushi said, "When I laughed, no one knew it was litchi." The litchi that Yang Guifei ate was also sent to Chang 'an by the courier brother at the station.

Those who retire in various post offices are called "postal workers" and "postal servants", which are similar to the current couriers. They run on the post road in the hot sun, in the cold winter, or in the heavy rain, without exception. In the law of the Tang Dynasty, all kinds of mistakes in the postal process are dealt with in detail: the postman must report the death and expenditure of the postal horse every year. If there is any death or damage to the postal horse, the postman will compensate; Subtracting the staff and horses of the post station without authorization is "one hundred sticks"; When we arrive at the post station, we will change horses. If you don't change horses, you'll get eighty sticks. If you delay your trip on the way, you should be sent but not sent, and you will be beaten with a hundred sticks. If the document arrives late, it will be posted 80 times a day, two days more, and so on. The heaviest punishment is two years' imprisonment. Generally speaking, horses are afraid to rob the important documents of the post, so as not to be killed by the official. Enemies who send troops often intercept spies on the way, so they often take various ways such as sending troops to maintain or change the reporting method. Delaying emergency military orders is very risky, and the crime will be aggravated by three levels, and the highest sentence can be hanged. Tang Shi Supplement once recorded an official, Yuan Wailang, who sent an official letter. He handled a prisoner's file sent from Hebei to Lingnan. It should have been sent to Hebei and Lingnan, but it was ignored at night. It was only sent to Lingnan, not to Hebei. After the incident, the foreign minister was dismissed from public office.

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Before the Song Dynasty, Buyi served as a messenger. In the second year of Stegosaurus, Song Taizu ordered soldiers to replace ordinary people as servants. Post tickets were called "the leader of horses" in the Song Dynasty and were issued by the Privy Council. Since the Five Dynasties, the post horse has been led by the leader. In the early Song Dynasty, there was a hero named Li Fei who was cheated and made a fake biography, which shocked Song Taizong. Therefore, Chengping rejuvenating the country for three years was changed to a silver medal. It's been two years since the arch ended, and it's still very troublesome to invent the silver medal, so it needs to be replaced. In Song Dynasty, the delivery shop was specially used as a notification document, and there was one between eighteen and twenty-five miles, including step delivery, horse delivery, urgent foot delivery and golden plate urgent foot delivery. Yue Fei was awarded a 12 gold medal by the Emperor of Heaven, which read "Gold signboard is delivered urgently" and the words "Imperial pen and ink are not allowed to enter the store", which means that this kind of document can't be parked in the store. As soon as you get to the store, ring the bell, and the people in the store will ring the bell and fly to the fireball. Pedestrians avoid the road, and the journey is 500 miles day and night, but Yue Fei should not bird Song Gaozong.

In Song Dynasty, the instinctive functions of hotels and post offices were separated. The guest house is called a post office and the post office is called a courier shop. Qin Guan's "Treading on the Sand"? In Chenzhou Hotel, "Lonely Spring Pass" refers to the posthouse. Before the Song Dynasty, official letters could not be sent by official mail. Song Taizong ordered that handwritten notes between distant relatives of officials can be mailed together with official documents, but only step by step, and then walk urgently. In the Southern Song Dynasty, the posthouse in the State of Jin was quite luxurious. Fan Chengda's posthouse can eat pears, chestnuts and wine.

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In the Yuan Dynasty, due to the vast frontier, the military materials such as horses were strictly controlled, and the urgent delivery replaced the step delivery in the Song Dynasty, and the horse delivery was also dropped. Hang bells, carry guns, carry raincoats and hold torches at night. All the horses and chariots on the road should avoid the roadside when they hear the bell. Each paver travels 10 miles. In the Ming Dynasty, except for the old-fashioned post station from Shenyang to Lushun, there were post stations and delivery stations on the feeder roads, which were in the charge of local health stations. The secondary obligation is to advance the country's military supplies, tribute and gifts, and take the form of fixed-point and relay. Zhu Yuanzhang ordered that post horses and post furniture should not be used without military affairs. Significantly, his two husbands took the lead in committing the crime. Ma Xu Guo Zhen returned to Beijing from Liaodong and brought three cylinders of hazelnuts by conveyor belt. Zhu Yuanzhang ordered him to pay the freight and posted a list to prohibit it. Lun Ouyang, another Xu, smuggled tea with a post office, and Zhu Yuanzhang committed suicide indirectly. During the period of Zheng De, the temple people often went to the post office to extort silver, and Hai Rui and others were extremely dissatisfied. Zhang changed the post office. Whether or not his son went back to his hometown to take the imperial examination, he still went back to his hometown to do bad things for his father. He doesn't use a post station, except for the big shoulders carried by 32 people, and he travels completely at public expense. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Emperor Chongzhen abandoned the post station at the initiative of the minister, resulting in a small number of post station personnel being laid off. Li Zicheng was laid off in this way, and then he simply rebelled and got a job of "eat his mother, drink his mother, and break the king without getting a meal" (a slogan of rebellion in advance).

The postal delivery system in Qing Dynasty consists of six arrangements, namely post station, post station, pond, platform, post station and shop, which are collectively called post station. The delivery rate reaches 600 Aliri, and there are 2,000 post stations, more than 70,000 couriers,14,000 delivery shops and 40,000 soldiers in the world. During the Xianfeng period, Feng Guifen proposed to follow the example of the East and set up a post office. 1August, 878 15, the first set of stamps in China, Dalong Stamp, was issued for the first time. This set of stamps consists of three stamps * * *, and the main picture shows the implication of the Qing royal family-Yunlong. Now any stamp can be easily changed to a house in Beishangguang, which shows its special significance. 19 13 years, Beiyang authorities promulgated and published, the world post station was abolished, and the site disappeared into people's images.

Tired of watching, let's have a joke to make you happy:

Prayer before meals

Mr. and Mrs. Song held a banquet at home. Before dinner, she asked her five-year-old son to say a prayer before dinner. "But I don't know what to say to pray!" "You just have to say what I said!" So the little boy bowed his head obediently: "Ah! Oh, my god Why do you want me to treat you in such a hot day? What a nuisance! ! "