How did Lu Xun become famous?

Lu Xun (1881-1936) is a great writer, thinker and revolutionary, the founder of proletarian literature in China and the pioneer of proletarian cultural thought. Yucai, formerly known as Zhou Shuren, was born in a declining feudal family in Shaoxing, Zhejiang. Mother Lu Rui is the daughter of a farmer. She has a noble character and has a great influence on Lu Xun. At the age of seven, he entered a private school to study the Book of Songs, but he preferred unofficial history's miscellaneous notes, as well as art and folk literature. At the age of thirteen, my grandfather was arrested and imprisoned for the imperial examination case, my father was seriously ill, and my family fell from a well-off society to a difficult one. At the age of sixteen, my father died and there was "almost nothing" at home. With the change of family economic status, Lu Xun experienced a cold world and saw the corruption of feudal society and the hypocrisy of feudal morality. Lu Xun lived in his grandmother's house when he was young, and his grandfather was in prison, which gave him the opportunity to get in touch with farmers' children and understand farmers' painful life and industrious and simple quality. All these have had a far-reaching impact on Lu Xun's later thoughts and creations.

1In May, 898, Lu Xun entered Nanjing Jiangnan Naval Academy and later transferred to Jiangnan Mining Railway Academy. During his four years in Nanjing, Lu Xun came into contact with western bourgeois democratic thoughts and modern natural science knowledge from the reform and reform. Yan Fu's translation of "The Theory of Evolution" made him accept Darwin's theory of evolution and believe in the social development concept of "the future conquers the past and the young conquers the old". 190 1 65438+February Lu Xun graduated from Kuangli School and decided to study in Japan with the belief of "saving the country and the people". In June of the following year, he entered Hongwen College in Tokyo. In order to express his determination to fight the Manchu rule to the end and devote himself to the liberation of the motherland, Lu Xun resolutely cut off the braid symbolizing racial oppression, and wrote a poem according to the topic, and issued a solemn oath of "I commend Xuanyuan with blood". 1904, Lu Xun went to Sendai Medical College to study medicine, thinking that "most of Japan's reforms originated from western medicine" and wanted to take the road of "saving the country through science". But the harsh reality made him realize that it is particularly important to change the spirit of "ignorant people and weak people". So he gave up medicine and went to literature, and decided to use literature and art to arouse people.1In June, 906, Lu Xun returned to Tokyo, actively participated in anti-Qing patriotic revolutionary activities, and translated and introduced foreign novels with rebellious spirit. 1907 wrote articles such as Moro Poetry and Cultural Deviation. From the standpoint of revolutionary democracy, he took the theory of evolution as the main weapon, violently criticized various reactionary thoughts, and put forward political ideas to transform China society.

/kloc-in the summer of 0/909, he returned from Japan and taught in Hangzhou and Shaoxing successively. 19 1 1 When the Revolution of 1911 broke out, Lu Xun was very excited and warmly welcomed and supported it. 19121kloc-0/0 In October, the provisional government of the Republic of China led by Sun Yat-sen was established in Nanjing. Lu Xun was invited by Cai Yuanpei, the chief of education, to work in Nanjing Ministry of Education, and then moved to Beijing with the Ministry, and served as the director of Social Education Department successively. He witnessed the farce of Yuan Shikai declaring himself emperor and zhang xun restoration, and the weakness and compromise of China bourgeoisie. "It seems that if you look at it, you will be suspicious, so you will be disappointed and depressed." He copied inscriptions and sorted out ancient books in a lonely and depressed mood; At the same time, we will study the history of China and think about the future of China. Legends of Tang and Song Dynasties and Ji legends were mostly collected and sorted out during this period.

The victory of the October Revolution in Russia gave a strong shock to Lu Xun, who was meditating and exploring, and made him see the "dawn of the new century" and the hope of the people's revolution. The outbreak of the May 4th patriotic movement made Lu Xun's revolutionary spirit more exciting. 19 18, Lu Xun participated in the editing of New Youth. In April this year, Lu Xun published his first vernacular novel, Diary of a Madman, which exposed the cannibalism of feudalism and Confucianism and called for "saving children" to overthrow this society. It is of epoch-making significance in the history of modern literature. Since then, Lu Xun has published excellent short stories such as Kong Yiji and Medicine, and a large number of essays with daggers, showing the achievements of the literary revolution with thorough anti-feudal thoughts and sharp and cold artistic style.

Since the autumn of 1920, Lu Xun has been teaching China classical literature in Peking University and Beijing Women's Normal University, and insisted on literary creation. A Brief History of Chinese Fiction is a monograph on the history of literature compiled according to textbooks. 192 1 65438+February, Lu Xun wrote the famous novel The True Story of Ah Q, which, through the typical example of Ah Q, lashed out at the cruel oppression and spiritual slavery of the feudal system to farmers and profoundly criticized the incompleteness of the Revolution of 1911. This is one of Lu Xun's representative works and a monument in the history of modern literature. 1923 and 1926, the collection of short stories "Scream" and "Wandering" were published one after another, showing the vast life picture during the Revolution of 1911 and the First Revolutionary Civil War. Weeds, a collection of prose poems, is also a work of this period.

During the period of 1925, Lu Xun waged a sharp struggle with feudal forces and bourgeois liberals around the "ideological trend of women's normal universities". 1926, 1 In June, he published his famous essay "On Feuerbach Should Go Slow" at the climax of the Great Revolution, and put forward the slogan of "beating Reservoir Dogs" for complete revolution. In the "March 18th" tragedy, facing the bloody atrocities of the reactionary warlords, Lu Xun indignantly pointed out: "Blood debts must be repaid with the same thing. The longer the arrears, the greater the interest paid." In August of the same year, persecuted by reactionary warlords, Lu Xun left Beijing to teach at Xiamen University, and wrote five articles, including Outline of China Literature History and Excellent Prose Collection Flowers in the Morning. These essays are beautiful, subtle, profound and gripping, and they are all well-known masterpieces. 1927 1 went to teach at Sun Yat-sen University in Guangzhou, published a famous article "Celebrating the Overcoming Side of Shanghai-Nanjing", enthusiastically praised the revolution and issued a call for "always attacking". Chiang Kai-shek launched the "April 12th" counter-revolutionary coup, killing party member and progressive students. Lu Xun resigned from Sun Yat-sen University for failing to save students. The fact of blood made Lu Xun "destroy" the thought of evolution, realized the bias that "young people are better than old people" and realized a leap to the thought of * * *.

1927 At the end of September, Lu Xun settled in Shanghai. Since then, he has been engaged in literary creation and literary movement. In the literary debate of 1928, Lu Xun systematically studied Marxism and deeply dissected himself, convinced that "only the emerging proletarians have a future". Long-term tempering of class struggle and hard self-education enabled Lu Xun to establish a Marxist world outlook and become a proletarian fighter.

In the last ten years of Lu Xun, under the leadership of the Party, he fought bloody battles on the battlefield of new literature. Participated in the leadership of the "Left League" and successively participated in revolutionary freemasonry, China Freedom Movement League, China Civil Rights Protection League and other progressive organizations. He also edited and co-edited revolutionary publications such as Yu Si, Ben Ben and Sentinel, advocated the popularization of literature and art and the new woodcut movement, and trained many revolutionary writers. He fought bravely and resolutely against all kinds of bourgeois literati with essays as a weapon, exposing their ugly faces as running dogs of imperialism and Kuomintang reactionaries. After a long March of 25,000 Li, the Chinese Red Army of Workers and Peasants successfully reached northern Shaanxi. With great joy, Lu Xun sent a congratulatory message to the CPC Central Committee and Chairman Mao, expressing his respect and love for the Party and Chairman Mao.

Lu Xun devoted himself to the revolution and the people, but he refused to go abroad for medical treatment. "Look at a thousand fingers coldly, bow down and be a willing ox", and persist in fighting in China until the last breath. 19361June19 died in Shanghai at the age of 56. Lu Xun's funeral committee consists of Mao Zedong, Cai Yuanpei, Soong Ching Ling and Mao Dun. The "soul of china" banner from all walks of life in Shanghai covered his body. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China sent a telegram of condolence from Yan 'an to express our condolences. When Lu Xun's body was buried in Hongqiao Cemetery, thousands of people attended the funeral. After liberation, Lu Xun's body was buried in Hongkou Park. Chairman Mao personally inscribed the six characters "Mr. Lu Xun's Tomb", and published 20 volumes of Lu Xun's Complete Works, 2 volumes of Lu Xun's Letters and 2 volumes of Lu Xun's Diary. Lu Xun's works have been translated into more than 50 languages and have been widely praised and loved by people all over the world.