Teach you psychological counseling notes by hand

How many people with psychological problems look abnormal?

From psychological abnormality to psychological normality is a continuous state, and there is no absolute standard. The end close to psychological abnormality belongs to the category of psychotherapy. Generally, psychiatrists will be involved with the help of drug intervention. Being close to normal psychology belongs to the category of psychological counseling. Talking about interpersonal communication, psychological troubles, psychological counselors and other issues involves psychological counselors.

Psychological counseling is actually a process, in which the counselor and the helper look for constructive solutions to the problem of the helper.

Consulting relationship is very important. Help others help themselves and help themselves. Everyone has the resources to help others, and life is more harmonious and wonderful.

If you don't respect the feelings of others, help will turn into repression, and those who help others will become dictators.

Ask patiently, be open, be positive, make others feel understood, don't interrupt others at will, offer help tactfully, stimulate the desire of active cooperation, and protect privacy in general.

A good counseling relationship is the premise of psychological counseling, and the counselor's attitude and behavior determine the content of the conversation. Consultants maintain equal relations with clients in respect, personality and dignity. Think of the consultant as a person with thoughts and feelings, inner experience, pursuit of life, uniqueness and autonomy, and a fresh life.

To truly understand the motives of inner thoughts and behaviors, Logis believes that people and patients who ask for help should be treated with unconditional respect: caution, openness, respect and acceptance.

Dispel the concerns of help seekers and establish a good consulting relationship; Create a safe and warm atmosphere; Feeling accepted and valued; Set an example and help people understand interpersonal skills.

(1) To fully accept the help-seekers, we should accept the positive, bright and correct side as well as the negative, gloomy and wrong side. Accept both the same side as the consultant and the different side from the consultant. Accept both what the consultant likes to agree with and what the consultant hates to oppose. Neutral acceptance, entering the value system of the helper.

(2) Treat the consultant equally, treat the helper with a warm and polite attitude, without any prejudice, believe in the internal motivation to solve the problem, have the subjective desire to change themselves, and have the ability to find the reason to solve the problem.

(3) Fully trust those who ask for help.

(4) Protect the privacy of those seeking help.

Regardless of the facts, what the first helper thinks in the field of perception is the most important. Second, even if the helper tells a lie, the counselor needs to seriously consider the reasons and significance of his lying. There is no need for evaluation, no need for intervention, no need for excessive questioning, and no need for random dissemination. Protect the privacy of help seekers and decrypt them in time when they abuse children and cause harm to others.

Enthusiasm: active exposure, strong and slightly offensive feeling; Warmth: gentle and subtle, the feeling of light package.

Introverts answer exploratory questions one by one, plus encouragement; Don't completely ignore the need or not. Excessive enthusiasm makes people feel nervous and anxious.

There must be a rational part of equal communication and calm thinking (questioning analysis, business is business, unreasonable), and at the same time, there must be a perceptual part that cares about acceptance and is helpful.

(1) Effectively eliminate and reduce the negative emotions of help seekers.

(2) Effectively stimulate the cooperation desire of the help seekers, ask the recent situation of the help seekers, actively encourage the help seekers to explore themselves, sincerely thank the help seekers for their close cooperation, and urge the help seekers to look forward to the consultation.

(1) can't be too enthusiastic, and it is easy to appear strong;

(2) Turn a friendly and serious expression into a warm expression with the help-seeker as the center;

(3) Patiently accept, be willing to accept, respect those who ask for help, not criticize, not be bored, patiently listen, carefully organize, and accept slow and repeated changes.

Respect: equality and courtesy, keeping your distance and being rational.

Warm: friendly and enthusiastic, close the distance, biased towards sensibility.

True and sincere, as it can see, telling the truth with modification and turning to positive encouragement.

(1) Let the help seekers feel accepted and trusted, at the same time, eliminate their worries and dare to expose their inner world, including those who are weak, negative, failed and withdrawn.

(2) Set an example for help seekers, learn how to communicate with consultants, learn to express their emotions frankly, and explore and discover their true selves.

Sincerity is an idea, but it is also a skill to know how to modify the language that may destroy the relationship. Based on seeking truth from facts, I have no experience and knowledge, bravely admit my own shortcomings and avoid misleading those who ask for help. Too much sincerity is overwhelming.

Empathy, empathy, empathy, express each other's irritability and anxiety. In consultation, the counselor's understanding and experience of the inner world of the helper. Empathy is the most beautiful emotion of human beings.

(1) Go deep into the other person's heart to understand his feelings and thoughts through his words and deeds;

(2) With the help of knowledge and experience, grasp the relationship between the experience of the helper and his experience personality, and deeply understand the psychology and specific problems of the helper.

(3) Using consulting skills, convey their own empathy to the other party, express their understanding of the inner world experience and problems faced by the helpers, influence each other and get feedback.

(1) Look at the problem from the perspective of the helper, accurately understand the helper and grasp the inner world.

(2) Help-seekers feel accepted and have a pleasant satisfaction.

(3) Promote self-expression and self-exploration of help seekers, meet the needs of those who need to be understood and accepted, and play an obvious role in helping others.

(1) Ability to accept the opinions of others.

(2) Don't comment on others.

(3) Identify others' emotions and try to communicate with others.

(4) Feel with others.

(1) Look at the helper's problem from the helper's point of view.

(2) Feel the content of emotions and emotions with the help seekers, instead of analyzing them too much at the cognitive level to suppress our emotions.

(3) Accept and identify with the feelings of those seeking help, and don't easily evaluate or arbitrarily deny them. Experience and feel from the perspective of the helper.

(4) Use more accurate and appropriate emotional words to clearly reflect the inner feelings of those seeking help. Listen to what the other person didn't say, and say what the other person really wants to hear.

Helping us to see the bright spots, strengths and potentials of those who ask for help will help us to respect and accept those who ask for help, so that those who ask for help can re-recognize and evaluate themselves and enhance their self-worth.

(1) Basic attitude towards help seekers and basic idea of consultation. I believe that people can be changed, everyone has his own strengths and advantages, and everyone has potential. Help those who seek help to discover their potential and enhance their inner motivation to change themselves.

(2) Be good at discovering the ability of help seekers.

(3) Affirm the progress of those seeking help.

(4) Pay attention to the motivation and potential of those seeking help.

Unconditional positive attention

1. Seek truth from facts; 2. Don't be blindly optimistic; Choose a good direction

Listen actively, respond appropriately when listening, and don't interrupt at will. In a relaxed and trusting environment.

Hmm: I heard that. You can continue.

Oh: I'm still listening. You can say more.

Ah: There seems to be something wrong, or I don't quite believe it. Please explain.

(1) Based on acceptance, truly accept those who ask for help. Listen without prejudice, frame or judgment. Consultants should not be surprised, excited, disgusted, unfamiliar or angry with the content.

(2) Based on empathy, listen attentively. Understand the content directly expressed by the helper and discover the information revealed by the helper's words, expressions, actions and other behaviors. Helper omits, does not express or has implied meaning. A subconscious mind that even the helper himself didn't notice.

Listening to the positive process, the helper may have a distorted understanding and see the positive and bright side clearly.

Help-seekers may be defeated repeatedly, and a large number of information such as problems and symptoms, emotions and feelings, external performance and internal experience of help-seekers flash by, so as to grasp the cause and effect.

At the right time, on the basis of not interrupting the thoughts and emotions of the helper, let the helper talk deeply and encourage the helper to express deeply.

Speech: Then, I understand. Nonverbal: nodding and frowning.

(1) Interrupt others

(2) jump to conclusions: it is often not effective enough, which affects the establishment of a good relationship. Hasty moral judgment

For example: homosexuality

Focus: how to help the parties to alleviate the contradictions and emotional troubles brought about by reality, rather than changing this sexual orientation.

(3) Listen to Error 3

Ignore the problem of the helper, don't understand, don't respect, and be aloof, so that the helper can truly perceive the essence of the problem and change his own ideas. We should understand the essence of the problem of the helper by listening, rather than belittling and deliberately weakening the problem of the helper.

Nodding indicates that you are continuing. You should be serious, focused, full of interest, cooperate with your eyes, be timely and moderate, and how to achieve the best results with the least amount of exercise.

Subjective color, hardness, blame

Closed-ended questions (whether this question or that question with a preset answer) help to narrow down the scope, clarify the problem and grasp the key, but it feels like being asked to snoop and analyze, so we should pay special attention to the timing and methods.

Open-ended questions (without preset answers, the helper can't answer the questions in one or two sentences. What's the matter with you? What's your problem? The most useful listening skills, in-depth understanding of the situation and the cause of the problem. What? How? Why? Reflect the topic that triggered the other party in detail, and talk more about the situation, thoughts and emotions.

Note: (1) The principle of equality and neutrality should be maintained, and there should be no tendentiousness and obvious emotional prejudice.

What makes you like another girl?

Error: Why are there two feet on both sides?

Note: Establish a sound relationship before (1), otherwise it will be regarded as snooping.

(2) Pay attention to tone and intonation, and ask questions like a barrage, which may confuse or even antagonize the other party.

Aggressive questions with strong tone will be considered as intentional opposition to yourself;

Empathy, questioning, and gentle questioning will be considered as a psychological counselor's sincere desire to know the truth.

Characteristics of closed-ended questioning: yes, no, right. Collect information, clarify facts, narrow the scope of discussion, and focus the talks on some special areas. Bring digression to the point. Do you think you are looked at because your glasses are not good? Don't overdo it, or your desire and enthusiasm for self-expression will be suppressed, resulting in a sense of oppression and interrogation.

There is no right or wrong between the two questions, and they should be organically combined. Moreover, promoting consultation can't just rely on asking questions. You can also use declarative sentences.

Concreteness means that consultants help clients express their views clearly and accurately, the concepts they use, the emotions they experience and the things they experience, and help clients clearly understand their thoughts and feelings. The process of realizing specific technology is sometimes a process of solving problems.

(1) The problem described by the helper is rather vague. Help-seekers sometimes lack in-depth and accurate understanding of the problem, even don't know where the problem lies, or don't want to talk about specific problems, and talk about their own affairs with vague and general concepts, leading to negative self-suggestion.

(2) Help-seekers are too general. Individual things rise to general conclusions, views on things rise to views on people, sometimes becoming frequent, and the past becomes present and future, sometimes becoming ubiquitous.

It is important to adjust the general cognitive style of help seekers, so that they can learn to look at problems concretely and help them find their own problems and solve them.

(3) The concept of the helper is unclear, and you can't abandon it if you can't sleep. What do you mean by explanation and open-ended questions? Can you be more specific? What does XX mean? Can you give an example?

Beginners are afraid to make the helper think that they are not strong in understanding and comprehension, so they are unwilling to ask questions and judge the meaning of the helper by their own guesses. Specific technology not only helps our consultants understand information, but also helps those who seek help to find and solve problems themselves.

Don't rush to judge, don't label, avoid reinforcing negative hints, concentrate and talk deeply.

Psychological counselors encourage help seekers through language and other means, encouraging them to explore themselves and make changes.

(1) The consultant directly repeats the words of the helper ("I don't know what to do with so many things!" )

(2) Well, what else can strengthen the content described by the helper?

(3) Very clear language expresses encouragement, so what do you think?

(1) Promote talks, and promote the expression and exploration of help seekers.

(2) It is often the most important to guide the seeker to further discuss a certain aspect.

The counselor directly repeats what the helper just said to attract the helper's attention, so as to clarify the content to be expressed and remind potential but extremely important problems. The expression of the helper will only be used when there are doubts that are not in line with the facts or are not in line with common sense. Simple repetition will only destroy the dialogue and even make the speaker feel disrespected.

Function: In order to clarify key information (slip of the tongue), encourage people to continue to express themselves and resonate.

Disadvantages of abuse: doubt, doubt the consultant's ability, doubt the listener's concentration and produce negative emotions.

To grasp the content and emotions, the confidante may just express emotions, just act as a mirror and show him the content and emotions expressed by the other party.

Content response: In psychological counseling, the counselor summarizes, synthesizes and sorts out the main contents stated by the helper, and gives feedback to the helper in his own words. In order to strengthen understanding, promote communication, give help seekers a chance to analyze their troubles again, and at the same time deepen the conversation and help them decide. More inclined to feedback the content of the speech.

Emotional response: summarize and sort out the emotions stated by the helper and feed them back to the helper. Strengthen the understanding of emotions and emotions and promote the purpose of communication.

The most effective emotional response is aimed at the helper's current mood. Are you angry with your mother now? Not that you were angry with your mother.

The function of emotional response is to capture the instant feelings of the helper, and it is the best clue to observe the helper's cognition of the surrounding environment and people, so that the repressed real content can be expressed in reason.

Both of them let the help seekers see themselves clearly, understand themselves and change themselves.

Non-verbal information such as helpless wry smile and fiddling with rings can often provide more information, and even help seekers deliberately avoid, hide or tamper with the content. With the help of nonverbal information, we can have a more comprehensive understanding of the psychological activities of the help-seekers, and we can also better express our support and understanding for the help-seekers.

The same behavior has different meanings in different situations. Bowing your head can show guilt, thinking or shame, and touching the ring can make people too happy or worried. Therefore, if the counselor is too sensitive to judge, it will also have a negative impact. Non-verbal information changes with time and place, and must be comprehensively analyzed in combination with the environment.

Grasping the inconsistency between verbal information and non-verbal information, it is possible to find the key to the problem.

Participatory generalization means that psychological counselors comprehensively sort out the verbal and nonverbal behaviors, emotions and emotions of the clients, and then express them to the clients in the form of an outline, which is more organized and clear than content response and emotional response. The purpose of this paper is to let the help-seekers review what they have expressed again, and give the consultation interview a chance to pause and adjust, so as to guide the help-seekers to discuss their own problems deeply, orderly and accurately, promote the discussion and clarify the facts. As long as the content of the helper is basically clear, you can consider making a summary and participatory overview.

Affirmed the mood of the helper.

I don't quite understand. I can say more.

Counselors point out the contradictions existing in the help seekers, help promote the self-exploration of the help seekers, and finally resolve the contradictions, thus solving potential problems. Through questioning and confrontation, counselors point out the contradictions existing in seekers and promote them to explore the process of finally realizing reunification.

1. Usage: The ideal is inconsistent with the reality, the words and deeds are inconsistent, the words before and after, and the opinions of help seekers and consultants.

(1) Promote help seekers to know their feelings, beliefs, behaviors and situations more deeply.

(2) In order to encourage help seekers to let go of their intentional or unintentional defensive psychology, promote help seekers to truly face themselves and reality, and finally produce constructive actions. Help-seekers sometimes use smiles to hide their inner pain and keep a good image in the eyes of others.

(3) promote the unity of words and deeds, ideal self and realistic self.

Ideal self: what kind of person everyone wants to be. What kind of person do I want to be about the future or my imaginary self-knowledge?

True self: everyone's real situation in real life at present, and the characteristics and qualities they think they have now.

Noodle technology can help establish practical goals and help solve problems.

(4) Help seekers understand their own resources and make use of them.

(5) Set an example for those who ask for help, especially those who are unwilling to express their true feelings.

(1) The surface texture is based on facts.

(2) Avoid personal catharsis of psychological counselors, and put the interests of help seekers first.

(3) Avoid too ruthless attacks.

(4) The quality of noodles should be based on good consultation, empathy, respect and sincerity.

(5) Use tentative noodles, probably or possibly, I'm afraid I can't say, guess.

Without the support of surface, disaster will happen, and without the support of surface, it is just weakness.

A method used by consultants to influence visitors and urge them to achieve their consulting goals by transmitting information, giving suggestions, giving explanations and giving feedback. Direct influence is direct expression.

Watch your language. I hope you, if you can, will be better. Maybe you can think about it.

Psychological counselors use psychological theory to describe the causes of visitors' thoughts, emotions and behaviors or to explain abstract and complicated psychological phenomena, so that visitors can look at their troubles from a newer and more comprehensive perspective. With the help of new ideas, we can deepen our understanding of our behavior, thoughts and emotions, improve our understanding and promote our own changes.

Firstly, we guide the seekers to express their inner thoughts through empathy, content response and other related technologies, and then help them to clear their minds and re-recognize contradictions and conflicts. Finally, we analyze them according to comprehensive and in-depth information and get the key.

Interview technology is one of the most complex technologies, which uses its own knowledge framework and experience to help job seekers make in-depth analysis. Start by listening. It needs a solid theoretical foundation, keen insight and certain creativity. The best explanation is the analysis accepted by the helper, and you can't impose your own explanation on the helper.

Content response is to explain the substantive content expressed from the perspective of the helper. Interpretation technology is to provide new ideas and methods for the helper to understand their own problems from the perspective of psychological counselors based on psychological knowledge.

In psychological counseling, it is generally not recommended to help the seekers, which will weaken their internal motivation to solve problems themselves. Moreover, if the direct advice is invalid, it will make the helper feel that the problem is serious and hopeless, and doubt the ability of the consultant. In order to let help seekers find positive resources from past experience, they usually don't give advice to help seekers. However, this is not a rigid dogma, but a flexible and dialectical concept, which will not produce that kind of result and guide technology in favor of helpers.

(1) On the premise of forming a good consulting relationship.

(2) We should be very clear about the content of our guidance to the help seekers, so that the help seekers can understand and understand the content and significance of our guidance.

(3) Consultants must know the purpose and significance of their guidance. And what is your expected goal, what kind of influence it has on the help-seekers and the consultation process, and always evaluate the guidance effect to prevent negative effects.

(4) Consultants should never use their authoritative position to force customers to implement suggestions.

(1) Generally, we ask the help-seekers to tell us what they have tried first, to avoid putting forward the practices that the help-seekers have tried but failed, and to dig out the positive internal resources of the help-seekers. It is of great reference significance to the current problems.

(2) If the helper is anxious to ask me what to do, I feel the same as the helper. "You seem to see that you are in a hurry."

Self-exposure, psychological counselors put forward their own emotions, ideas and experiences to share with help seekers.

(1) Consultants are willing to accept personal experiences related to what customers are talking about. You should be concise, so as to show that you can understand the helper and promote him to express himself more. Not an end, but a means.

(2) The counselor tells the clients about their experiences and feelings. Positive and commendatory words can be expressed truly and directly, which makes the helper feel happy and encouraged. Negative and critical people do not advocate self-opening, but if such opening is of important and constructive significance to consultation, we should understand the feelings of the seekers and express them appropriately.

Concise, use "would you do that?" Get back to the point.

In psychological counseling, good self-opening can promote the establishment of a good counseling relationship, so that help-seekers feel that someone has shared their troubles and produced emotional resonance. The consultant's self-opening makes the helper feel that the consultant is also an ordinary person, thus realizing more self-opening of the helper.

However, premature self-opening, beyond the tolerance of help seekers, will be counterproductive. Moreover, the depth, breadth and scope of open content are related to the theme. Based on the needs of help seekers, consultants can't open themselves up at will.

On the other hand, even if the helper asks, the counselor doesn't have to open himself up.

Don't tell negative information to help-seekers, so as to promote the consultation relationship, promote the help-seekers to further open themselves, understand themselves deeply and strengthen the consultation effect.

Psychological counselors tell their emotions, feelings, or feelings to help-seekers, so as to influence them.

The purpose of emotional expression: to serve the helper, not to express or vent.

Emotional expression is generally just positive emotional expression.

1. Express the counselor's emotions and feelings about consultation.

2. Counselors' own emotions and emotions

It is not a psychological counselor's own emotional catharsis, and generally does not express negatively. However, if it helps the seeker to open his mind and promote the seeker to think, he can use negative expression, and whether the seeker benefits from it is the measure of emotional expression.

homework

(1) Because I am beautiful, a lot of men haunt me every day. But who would have thought that I only like women! Why can't women love women? It is normal to love a man. I fell in love with my good friend, but she has a boyfriend. I get angry when I see them dating every day.

I don't like that my mother keeps asking me to study hard. I know she is more nervous than me, because she is afraid that I will not be admitted to a key university and that she will lose face. Actually, I'm not in a hurry Although I spend a lot of time surfing the Internet every day, I have a very complete review plan in my heart. There are still two months before the college entrance examination. I plan to start studying in the last month, reading 14 hours a day and finishing two books a day. I can review all the books twice by the day before the college entrance examination.

(3) My boyfriend went abroad two years ago. I contacted occasionally for two months at first, and then I never heard from you again. Before he went abroad, we promised to last forever. I won't marry anyone, nor will he marry anyone! So in the past two years, in order to keep my promise at that time, I rejected many people's pursuit. However, he hasn't heard from me yet, and I don't know what to do.

(4) I have no confidence in myself since I was a child. I always feel that others are better than myself. I will consult others when I meet something and let others tell me what to do (bow my head). I feel that I can't do this anymore recently, because sometimes when others are busy, they don't care about me at all. I often feel redundant (I still bow my head and my voice becomes weak).

(5) (Put your hand over your mouth and smile) Actually, I don't know what to say. (Hands down) Alas! I am a person with a strong sense of morality. I often tell myself that I can't do anything wrong. But it happened that I went out with a married man recently, and even rented a small suite outside as a date place. I've been telling myself from the beginning that I can't get involved, but I just can't control myself! Alas! I have been blaming myself. Why can't I live with my feelings? !