How can I become a qualified budgeter?

Go to the construction site more and learn more about construction technology. Then there is the need for more calculations. Practice makes perfect. If you have more calculations and more projects, you will learn slowly.

Excerpt from budget experience 1

In fact, there is no advanced technology in the construction project budget. It is enough to read the drawings, add, subtract, multiply and divide, and write a prescription. If you can skillfully use the scientific calculator, your work will be easier. It is easy for a budgeter to do it, especially when he changes from a technical mouth to a budget mouth. It is not difficult to make a budget, it is not easy to do it well, and it is difficult to accumulate experience.

When I was in college, teachers with budgets could recite all the quotas. If you can't answer his question, he will say, turn to the first page of the quota. Is this an experience? I don't think so.

Budgeting is a technical job. I don't remember the quota, but I can calculate the budget by looking at the quota. One advantage of reserving places is that leaders can answer questions immediately.

Budget is counting money, and finance is counting money, but the biggest difference between them is that finance can't have a penny difference, and budget can have a very big difference. It is generally believed that the accuracy is within 3 ~ 5%. The same drawing, the same budget for three times, the total cost is definitely different.

What is the high-level budget like? The budget level is not necessarily high, and calculating the engineering quantity may make a big joke. Where is he tall? Practical experience.

How to accumulate experience? Individuals have their own practices. Practical operation is essential.

In actual operation, the most important thing is to memorize the quota calculation rules. The next thing is to find the rules, and then use EXCEL to automatically tabulate and calculate. Every time I make a budget, I make different tables according to different projects, and then input the basic data, that is, the center line of the wall, the exposed long line of the outer wall, the exposed long line of the inner wall and so on. For example, when calculating the engineering quantity of a room, I only need to input the net length of the interior wall, the size of doors and windows, and the net height of the room, and I can automatically calculate the engineering quantity of interior wall paint, floor and ceiling. This is a skill that can improve the calculation speed and accuracy. Of course, some small places may not be considered. It doesn't matter, the estimated engineering quantity does not require 100% accuracy.

Accumulation of empirical data. Some people have been budgeting for a long time, but when asked some questions, they can only answer the contents of their own projects. This is not conducive to work. There is a simple solution. You can find a lot of project cost analysis online and in books, and compare them with each other. Unilateral cost is useful, but the most useful thing is unilateral content. According to these unilateral contents and unilateral costs, by analyzing the prices of main materials on the market at that time and the prices of materials on the market at present, it can be analyzed that the project cost you need to estimate will not be very different. Rapid estimation of construction project cost is an important manifestation of high budget level.

How to write tender documents? Whether the bidding documents are well written is directly related to the settlement effect. There are many templates for writing tenders. However, it should be noted that the nature of the project, geological conditions and site traffic conditions should be clearly described. In addition, the project should be carefully considered, and all possible situations should be written into the bidding documents, especially the mechanical and electrical engineering and decoration engineering, and the requirements for equipment and materials must be written in. The change requirements in the construction stage should also be clearly written. For example, what kind of change is not experience negotiation, and how much change is not negotiation. The most important point is the qualification statement of the construction unit, which is very important. Many changes can be considered by qualified construction units without economic negotiation. Other questions, remember, don't copy the template, you must read and think every word.

Bidding skills. Many budgeters start budgeting with drawings. This was the case in my previous company. When everyone is familiar with the drawings and starts to calculate the quantities, they haven't got a copy of the bidding documents. This is a fatal thing. In general, first of all, you should read the bidding documents in detail, especially the description of the bidding scope in the bidding documents, so you must read it clearly. Some of the bidding documents of the tendering units are very simple, while others are very vague. All these should be written down and put forward when answering questions. It is important to analyze the drawings. When quoting by bill of quantities, the budget personnel do not need to calculate the quantities carefully, but they still need to know the structural form, detailed structure and other issues. For example, in mass concrete construction, the quotation can be appropriately reduced, which is conducive to winning the bid. In terms of unit price, each unit has its own unique skills. The biggest influence on the construction unit is the total price. Construction organization design? It's too minor. Therefore, some clever construction units often cheat in construction organization design. Unfortunately, I was cheated once like this. Because I didn't look at the construction organization design carefully, I accidentally stepped on the mine buried by the bidder in the construction organization design. The blood lesson cost the company hundreds of thousands of yuan. Of course, making a beautiful tender is also a bright spot to attract the attention of the construction party.

Handling of change orders. Change orders are generally handled by construction technicians, but the wording of the changes still needs to be mastered by operators. Whether the change order is handled well or not in time will have a great impact on the completion settlement. According to the different nature of the project, the working ability and attitude of the construction personnel, it is necessary to handle the change order flexibly. Sometimes be vague, sometimes be clear. Sometimes it should be detailed, and sometimes it should be rough. Sometimes in time, sometimes not in time. Many times, when the budget personnel of the construction party report the settlement, there are hundreds of changes. Every time you change, you have to calculate the engineering quantity and prepare the budget, sometimes the amount is only tens or hundreds of yuan. It wastes a lot of time and has little impact on the total cost. But it has a great influence on the mood of the budget staff of the construction party. Therefore, there are now contract terms that do not calculate how much the negotiation is below. Then the change order still needs to be made. How? We can't handle it carefully because we can't get the money. Here's a trick. Think for yourself. This is valuable, and I don't want to say it yet. In addition, the change order must be handled neatly, and it would be best if the calculation results of the change quantity can also be written in.

Sign the contract. I found that it is very simple for many large companies to sign contracts, just fill in the blanks in the standard contract text. Such a contract may be meaningful to the construction party. At the time of settlement, there is no agreement in the contract, but the explanation is beneficial to it. The contract I signed was also signed in the standard contract text, and all the blanks were filled in, but many places were really: see the supplementary contract. The pages of my supplementary contract are much thicker than the standard contract text. Everything that can be thought of, what may happen, the way of settlement, and the profitability are all written into the contract. In this way, the construction unit can't ask for anything when settling accounts, because everything can be agreed in the contract.

Collection of engineering data. As a cost controller, both the owner and the constructor need to collect engineering data. These materials include: change orders, construction progress, special weather conditions, mechanical equipment in and out, etc. During the construction of Xiaolangdi project in a foreign company, the engineering data can be piled up in one room. Whether it is approved or not, it is the basis of the claim. During the construction of a project, the construction party failed to coordinate the electric power department in time and turned the high-voltage line passing through the construction site underground, which led to the pump truck arm breaking the high-voltage line during the construction. Although no casualties were caused, the construction party suffered great losses. There is no visa, but at the time of settlement, the construction party took out the records at that time and asked the construction party to pay compensation. The last 50-50 split. In the process of settlement, written materials can make what the budget staff said have a basis. Whether you can get the money depends on the settlement strategy and the settlement object. But in any case, these materials are generally useful.

Some suggestions on compiling bidding documents. Can you quote for buildings with different structures according to the following requirements? Single use, separate quotation on the ground and underground. For the comprehensive building, on the basis of underground and underground quotation respectively, the quotation is subdivided according to commercial purposes. This may have some difficulties in the preparation of the bill of quantities, so the preparation of the tender requires a few more pages, but it has many benefits for the construction party. It is also beneficial for the construction unit, and the accumulated quotation information can provide guidance for accurate and rapid quotation in the future. The significance of separate quotation is that different sales unit prices have different tax rates. When filing tax returns, the financial department will definitely ask about the cost of different floors. Be prepared in advance to avoid taking it out when necessary or making inaccurate estimates.

Knowledge transferred to construction sites. Many people think that the budget staff can just look at the drawings in the office and make the budget and settlement according to the drawings and negotiations. Actually, it's not. Budget staff will visit the construction site more often, and you will find that the whole construction site is paved with money. Some people will say, isn't this nonsense? Every inch of land on the construction site has the sweat of workers, the input of materials and machinery, and of course it is paved with money. Actually, you misunderstood I'm talking about money outside the contract. As the budget of the construction unit, what you want to see is the input of labor, machinery and materials. For example, once I saw a concrete pump truck beating concrete, and a jar went down, which didn't look like a square. So I looked at many cars carefully and found that on average, each car was less than half a square meter of concrete (hehe, I just graduated from college and didn't know the darkness of the building). At the time of settlement, I'm sorry that we can't settle the account according to the receipt agreed in the contract. We must settle accounts according to the drawings and deduct the volume of steel bars. I put this forward, and the final result was settled according to the receipt. Hey, hey, it's none of my business. As the budget of the construction party, this is what you have to do. Because, probably only the budget personnel in charge of bidding in the whole construction site are most aware of the requirements for material quality in the contract. Therefore, sometimes cost controllers have to shoulder the responsibility of quality controllers. My boss used to be a very smart person, but people who are too smart often suffer from dumb losses. In this project I did, the steel bars were calculated by welding when bidding, and after construction, I decided to use sleeves. I proposed not to do economic negotiations, and the boss decided to make up the difference in order to let the construction unit talk less and do more. I said, according to an 8-meter joint, according to the drawings. The boss thinks that the reinforcement is 9 meters long, 12 meters long, and the construction unit will not make the reinforcement 8 meters long and then connect it. The boss decided to settle the account according to the actual quantity. Oh, my God, when will the construction site of 654.38+ 10,000 square meters leave? I don't want to count this. But you can't just tell the boss that it's not possible. Coincidentally, when I transferred to the construction site, I picked up a 32-round steel bar about 1.2 meters long from the ground workers, and both ends were wrapped with silk. These are two joints! Construction units make good use of waste! Without steel scraps, there is more money to make sleeves. I want to show this steel bar to my boss. Hehe, finally it is 8 meters long, which saves money and effort according to the drawings. Therefore, it is of great benefit for budget personnel to take a look around the construction site.

Preparation for settlement. Profits are not made, but calculated. Whether the settlement is ready or not is directly related to the profit. The primary problem in compiling accounts is that settlement book should be neat and beautiful. In the process of audit settlement, some units in settlement book are as beautiful as tender documents, which makes people feel very formal and comfortable. It should be noted that settlement book had better use loose-leaf paper instead of nailing it to death. In the process of preparing the settlement, budget personnel should not be afraid of trouble, and it is best to prepare three sets of settlement book. A report to the project owner, a report to their own leaders, a set of their own. Personally, I think at least two sets should be compiled, and my own set can be omitted. Newspaper leaders want to eliminate negotiations that are not more than 30% sure, which shows that this is our goal of reconciliation. And report to the project owner how much can be done. All negotiations signed and unsigned by the construction party should be budgeted, high or low. Don't be afraid that the host will be angry. As long as you can explain why, just make it up. It doesn't matter if it is cut off by the construction party. In fact, builders also want to reduce it as much as possible. The significance of keeping this set is that this is my bottom line. In the process of compiling settlement book, it must be arranged in chronological order and numbered. There must be a summary and a cover.

Accuracy of settlement engineering quantity calculation. A friend calculated this when calculating the foundation retaining wall. There are 240 brick walls with a height of 1 m, and the inner side and top surface are covered with 20 thick ashes. He calculated that the plastering length of the facade multiplied by 1 m, no problem. Then calculate the top surface, he said, because it is covered with 20 thick ash, the width of the top surface should be calculated as 240+20 = 260. I smiled and said, you are from the construction unit and I am from the construction unit. I'll give you this width of 20, and I'll give it to you. But I have to ask, how much more money can you earn by doing this? The answer is 100 yuan or more. I told him that nobody is perfect, and you must make mistakes sometimes. I gave it to you, but you make me sick. In the future settlement, don't let me seize the opportunity, or you will lose hundreds of RMB 100! I don't know what to say about this little story. Let's experience it for ourselves! But what I want to say is that the construction project budget does not need to be 100% accurate, and no one can calculate 100% accurate. As long as the established goals are achieved, it is of course best to surpass them!