What does Erwuzi mean?

Erwuzai means traitor.

Features of Cantonese:

Pronunciation system

The pronunciation system of Cantonese is relatively complex, with up to 20 initial consonants and 94 finals.

Initial consonants

Cantonese has 20 initial consonants:

b[p]bang; p[p?]pang; f[f]fu; m[m ]Ming; d[t] end; t[t?] through; n[n] south; l[l] come; z[ts]jing; c[ts] clear; s[s] heart; g[k] see; k[k?] creek; gw[k?] light; kw[k?] gauge; ng[?] tooth; h[h] good; j[j] salt; w[w] soul; [?] An

(Note: [] is the International Phonetic Alphabet symbol, the left side is the Cantonese pinyin symbol, and the right side is an example character)

Tone

Nine tones and six Tune: Yin level, Yin up, Yin goes, Yang level, Yang goes up, Yang goes, Yin enters, Zhong enters, Yang enters.

The representative characters of the nine tones are: poetry (si1); history (si2); trial (si3); time (si4); city (si5); matter (si6); color (sik1); tin (sik3); food (sik).

In fact, the pitches of the tones of Yin Ru, Zhong Ru, and Yang Ru are the same as those of Yin Ping, Yin Qu, and Yang Qu, but they use the rhyme characters ending in -p, -t, or -k. To distinguish. Because the definition of tone includes circumflex (that is, actual pitch) and frustration. The endings of -p, -t, and -k in the rhyme of the entry tone affect its frustrating nature. Therefore, even if it is only marked with six numbers from 1 to 6, we still say that there are nine tones, or there are "nine tones and six tones", and it cannot be said that there are only six tones.

The representative characters of the six tone values ??are: Zhou (zau1); Mouth (hau2); Store (dim3); River (ho); Mu (mou5); Crossing (dou6).

Drawing the tones into a diagram makes it easier for people to imagine the differences between the six tones.

Extended information:

Luo Guangpian

Luo Guang Cantonese is distributed in Luoding, Deqing, Zhaoqing, Yunan, Guangning, Huaiji, Yangshan, Lianshan and other counties and cities are represented by Zhaoqing dialect. No distinction was made in early data, and it was classified as Gouluo Cantonese in Guangdong.

Main features:

①The shadow letters mostly retain the zero-initial pronunciation, such as 亚[a3], 爱[?i3], 武[u1], 义[i3], B[yt8].

②The Hong sound of the suspected mother retains [?], while the fine sound is mostly mixed with [j], such as I [?], hook [?au], doubt [ji], and month [jyt].

③ There is a clear difference between the high-falling tone of Yinping tone and Gaoping tone. Yin-level tone must be stressed (high-falling), as in Zhaoqing dialect.

④Most of the northern dots have no finals [im][em][ip][ep], mixed with [in][en][it][et].

⑤The initial consonants basically retain the opposition of [n][l], but some points in the east tend to merge with [n][l].

Similarities with Goulu Cantonese: The similarity between Luo Guang Cantonese and Goulu Cantonese in eastern Guangxi is that "the fully voiced initial consonants in ancient times are not aspirated today regardless of whether they are flat or oblique." Characters such as Tou, Cha, Qiao, Qi, and Jin are all pronounced with unaspirated stops (but there are exceptions in some places that tend to be Cantonese).

Differences from Gouluo Cantonese: A major basis for distinguishing the two is the pronunciation of Jingzi characters. For example, "Qing" is pronounced as [t?eng] ??in Guangdong Cantonese, and [ts?eng] ??is pronounced as Luoguang in Cantonese. In addition, Gou Leu Cantonese has lateral fricatives or interdental sounds, while Luo Guang Cantonese has basically none.

Gaoyang dialect

Gaoyang Cantonese dialect is mainly distributed in Yangjiang, Maoming, Zhanjiang and some counties and cities in western Guangdong, represented by Gaozhou dialect and Yangjiang dialect. Yangchun dialect, which is distributed in Yangchun City, Yangjiang, is closer to Cantonese dialect. In addition, people in various counties and cities in western Guangdong generally communicate in Cantonese with a local accent.

Yongxun film

Yongxun film Cantonese is widely distributed in Guangxi. In addition to Nanning and surrounding areas, Baise and Longzhou Cantonese in western Guangxi also belong to Yongxun film. Nanning dialect is the representative.

Yongxun Cantonese is relatively close to Wuzhou Cantonese and Cantonese. It is mainly popular in towns with convenient transportation on both sides of the Taiwan Strait in Yongzhou and Xunzhou (the ancient name of Guiping City), such as Nanning and Yongning, Hengxian, Guiping, Pingnan, Chongzuo, Ningming, Longzhou, Pingxiang, Fusui, Baise, Tiandong and other urban districts and counties and some subordinate towns and parts of Liuzhou. Taking Nanning City and Guiping City as representative points.

However, due to the influx of a large number of immigrants since the 1980s, and the Nanning Municipal Government's language and culture policy to weaken local dialects and promote Mandarin, the number of speakers of Nanning dialect in Nanning has dropped significantly. , the population of Nanning dialect speakers dropped sharply to less than 30%. The representative accent of Yongxun Cantonese has actually been moved to the townships under Guiping City, which was called "Xunzhou" in ancient times. Nowadays, many people are worried that Nanning’s vernacular has actually become a dead language.

① There are tip vowels [?] or [?], such as [?] in Nanning and Guiping, and [?] in Pingnan, which are only combined with the initial consonants of the [ts-] group. (In layman terms, it sounds like the sounds of zi, ci, and si in Mandarin).

②Some have rim fricative [?] or its variant interdental [θ], such as xin, xin. Guiping Street, Pingnan Street None.

Reference: Baidu Encyclopedia-Cantonese