How to treat stuttering?

Hello: Stuttering is also called stuttering. Here are several methods to correct stuttering: 1. Speech feedback treatment When stuttering people follow other people’s speech, they will have less stuttering and their speech will be natural and natural. Smooth. Therefore, foreign countries began to study this principle in the 1950s, and in the 1960s they introduced delayed auditory feedback DAF instruments to simulate such effects. When your speaking voice is changed, it sounds like someone else is saying the same thing to you, which helps people who stutter to follow other people's speech when they are speaking alone, thereby immediately improving their stuttering. Research suggests that people who stutter can temporarily speak fluently in two ways: one is a change in the endogenous (self-produced) speech generation mechanism, and the other is receiving specific external speech feedback when speech occurs. Endogenous methods to reduce stuttering, such as speaking with weird accents, pronunciation, soft pronunciation, and other correction methods based on speech dynamics. Because of the endogenous means of inducing fluency, often associated with speech-generating mechanisms, some corrected stutterers whose fluent speech patterns are considered unnatural-sounding may require substantial cognitive effort to maintain such speech. , and it is difficult to continue to use it in real-life speaking situations. The most effective method of altering speech feedback to improve fluency utilizes a "second speech signal", that is, a discrete speech signal that is presented simultaneously with the first speech signal produced by the speaker and contains a speech signal that is similar to the speaker's first speech signal. speech actions. Unlike endogenous methods of inducing fluency, extrinsic methods that utilize altered speech feedback (ASF) have been shown to enable stutterers to immediately produce stable, natural and fluent speech with little or no cognitive effort. Work hard, although sometimes the results don't last. In the 21st century, with the development of science and technology, stuttering correctors that are small in size and similar to "hearing aids" have appeared, such as Sibiyi. Because it is put directly into the ear and uses microcomputer language processing technology, the sensitivity and clarity of the sound feedback are higher, and the effect of correcting stuttering is better. 2. Speech fluency training Speech fluency training is designed to adjust the way you speak. , to prevent stuttering, or to control stuttering when stuttering occurs so that speech communication can continue. For example, pronunciation techniques include slowing down speech, inducing pronunciation, soft pronunciation, using air flow, and developing the rhythm and rhythm of speech. After mastering these pronunciation techniques, people who stutter can speak at a very slow speed first, gradually transitioning to a speech speed close to normal. In addition, dividing long sentences, changing the way of speaking, and following reading training are also important contents of speech fluency training. Although speech fluency training cannot eliminate the physical factors that cause stuttering, nor can it completely solve the problem of psychological disorders, it is indeed a feasible and temporary auxiliary therapy. 3. Psychotherapy Domestic and foreign scholars have found that stuttering patients have a fear of stuttering and do not have a clear understanding of this speech disorder. They avoid verbal communication with the outside world and, in severe cases, are isolated from the outside world. The aggravation of psychological disorders further worsens the stuttering symptoms, which in turn deepens the psychological disorders. The result of the vicious circle is that the stuttering disease becomes deep-rooted. Zhang Jinghui believes that the focus of the radical cure for stuttering should be on removing psychological barriers. The root cause of stuttering lies in the subjective desire to "not stutter a word". Unless this wrong and strong desire is completely destroyed, all efforts will be in vain. To eliminate psychological barriers, stuttering must be allowed unconditionally. The basic spirit of Japan's Morita Psychotherapy is not to reject the established fact of stuttering, to work like a normal person with stuttering, to show a "go with nature" attitude, to allow stuttering, and to do what is expected. The essence and core of psychotherapy for stuttering should be to reduce or eliminate the fear of adverse consequences caused by stuttering. In psychotherapy, behavioral, cognitive, and emotional treatments are emphasized. Including: 1. Psychological counseling and psychological support therapy, gradually allowing patients to realize their wrong and paranoid cognitive concepts, and consciously replace them with correct thinking concepts. At the same time, listen patiently to those who stutter and fully understand them.

2. Relaxation training teaches patients to personally experience the effects of muscle contraction and relaxation. Through repeated self-training, patients can achieve full-body muscle relaxation, that is, physical and mental relaxation. This can eliminate the patient's tension and gradually restore and maintain a good and stable mentality. 3. Systematic desensitization training therapy. In the practice of treatment, self-systematic reading training, caring intercourse and heart-to-heart dialogue therapy, systematic social interaction training, etc. are adopted. Let patients come into contact with various environments and different groups of people, relieve tension, fear, anxiety, depression, etc. through conversation and reading, and gradually cultivate a stable, calm and composed mentality in patients. 4. Exposure therapy: For young patients, especially student patients, when they have good curative effects after the above-mentioned related treatments. Patients should be encouraged to adopt bold and breakthrough exposure therapy, and encouraged to participate in various competitions such as speeches and recitations organized by schools, so that they can exercise themselves in various situations and build up their determination to be independent, self-confident, and self-improvement. 4. Other treatment methods: Breathing training: The respiratory organs and vocal organs of stutterers are generally normal, but stutterers often have disordered breathing, inappropriate breathing methods, or uncoordinated breathing and pronunciation when speaking. Adopting breathing therapy that conforms to the rules of pronunciation, such as practicing breathing exercises and coordinating breathing and pronunciation training, combined with other treatment methods can further improve stuttering. Biofeedback treatment: Relaxation training through biofeedback, such as breathing and electromyographic feedback, can reduce stuttering and improve speech fluency. Drug therapy: Haloperidol is considered an effective drug for the treatment of stuttering, but it has serious side effects. Oral administration of clomipramine (a tricyclic antidepressant with a strong 5-hydroxytryptamine recovery blocking effect) can significantly reduce the severity of stuttering. Some scholars have proposed trying calcium channel blockers and cholinergic blockers to treat stuttering.