What is the origin, process and current situation of the Chechen issue in Russia?

As early as the czar of Russia, the Caucasus was in turmoil. Tsarist Russia invaded Chechnya. Torture, Prime Minister abramov (left) and Putin.

Persecuting the Caucasian people, the Caucasian people constantly resist and struggle. After the October Revolution in Russia in 2007, the Caucasian people finally became independent from Russia and formed several independent governments1963.10965 4006065 But by the end of 1922, the Caucasus was forced to join the Soviet Union, and the name of the Soviet Union officially appeared in the world. At this time, five years have passed since the success of the October Revolution. However, the Caucasian people's call for freedom and national independence has not stopped. National tribes rebelled from time to time, which hit Russia's arrogance. Because Stalin was a Caucasian, he repeatedly suppressed the uprising with an iron fist and killed too many people, so there was deep hatred among ethnic groups. 1941After Germany attacked the Soviet Union in June, the soldiers pointed all the way to the Caucasus. Even in the difficult and heavy retreat defense moment, Stalin still remembers the Caucasus. It is unforgettable that Hitler was also very interested in the Caucasus. In the case of very tight troops, he still sent General Holt's tank army group to the Caucasus mountains to rob him of oil. If this strong team is used in Stalingrad, the course of the war will change. Beria knew Stalin's heart. 1during the March war in 944, he used a large number of internal security forces to move the entire Chechen nation to Siberia by train, which is rare in the world. This has greatly deepened the hatred of the good Chechen people towards the Russian army. 199 1 August 19, the Soviet Union collapsed and the powerful empire collapsed overnight! 19911kloc-0/October 27th: dudayev was elected president of Chechnya-Ingushetia, and later declared Chechnya a sovereign state; 10 On 2 October, the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Federation declared the Chechen-Ingushetia presidential election illegal. "Independent" Chechnya is different from other CIS countries. This is a new country from the inside out. Grozny has a lot of oil, and Chechnya has a population of only 300,000. It is also located at the crossroads of railways and highways in the east, west, north and south of the Caucasus, and the Caspian oil pipeline and the Caucasus oil pipeline pass through Chechnya, which has a very important strategic position. The key to Chechnya is that if it becomes a Muslim country hostile to Russia, it will have a great impact on all ethnic groups in the Caucasus and Central Asian countries. Indulge or even give up Chechnya will immediately involve neighboring Dagestan. The geographical location of Chechnya is very important! Therefore, the war broke out inevitably.

The first Chechen war

1994 65438+February 1 1, Yeltsin signed the Chechen war to disarm "illegal" weapons and restore the Chechen constitution and legal system.

Order, at 7 o'clock in the morning, about 30,000 people from the armed forces of the Russian Federation and the Ministry of Internal Affairs entered Grozny from the west, northwest and east; On February 16, Russian troops entered Chechnya. 1994 65438+February 3 1, the battle officially started. 1 99565438+1October1,Russian soldiers marched into Grozny in three ways; The fighting was quite fierce. After fighting, on June 27, 65438, the Russian army established the second external encirclement of Grozny; Due to the stubborn resistance and flexible tactics of Chechen militants, Russian troops suffered some casualties. On June 28th, 65438, Russian Defense Minister Grachev had to announce that the number of Russian troops attacking Grozny had increased to 38,000, including 230 tanks, 454 infantry fighting vehicles, 388 guns and mortars. Since the end of World War II, it is an indisputable fact that the combat effectiveness of the Russian army has declined. In Afghanistan, the Soviet army was defeated. This time, in the first few days of the war, Russian troops were killed 100 every day. By February 9, they had been killed 1 100, and hundreds more were missing. Russian heavy equipment can't play a role in small villages in Chechnya. After the tanks and motorcades connected end to end entered the Chechen village, the first and last cars were destroyed, and the motorcade was caught in the middle, becoming lambs to be slaughtered, so most Russian troops became ghosts under the gun. From 20 February to 27 April, the fighting spread to Guttermes, Samashkin and Bamut areas in southern Chechnya. 1from the beginning of March 1995 to the end of April 1995, the war entered the second stage: Russian troops attacked the periphery of Grozny 1995, and Russian internal affairs forces captured the last stronghold of Grozny-Chernoliechie; Chechen war

In mid-March, Russian troops withdrew from Grozny, and the situation in the city was controlled by the Ministry of Internal Affairs. 16 In March, the Army Division of the Ministry of Internal Affairs 100 attacked the Samashkin-Bamut-Asin Novskaya area (the border between Chechnya and Ingushetia) occupied by the Chechen Western Group; On March 20th, Russian troops advanced in the direction of Argonne, Gutierrez and Sally. On the 24th, Russian troops occupied Argonne; On March 30, Russian troops captured Gutierrez; The next day, Russian troops captured Sally; On April 7-9, Russian troops captured Samashkin; June 5438+08 occupied Bamut; On 24th, Chechnya formed an alliance against dudayev, and Gantamilov was elected as its chairman. On the 28th, Yeltsin signed an order on supplementary measures to normalize the situation in Chechnya, announcing the suspension of combat operations in Chechnya from 00: 00 on April 28th to 00: 00 on May 12. When there is an armed provocation, Russian troops carrying out the task of disarming the uprising in Chechnya will take action as appropriate. 1From May to June, 1995, the Russian army carried out a mountain clearing operation against Chechen illegal armed forces who fled into the deep mountains. However, in the operation, although the Russian army finally won, it also paid a very heavy price. 1After June 1995, the war basically stopped and the two sides sat at the negotiating table. 1June, 1995 14, basaev led about 100 militants into Buyanov sk in Stavropol Krai, detained more than 1000 hostages, and demanded that Russian troops immediately stop all military operations and withdraw from Chechnya, otherwise. After a long period of negotiations, the Russian government made major concessions and basically met basaev's demands. /kloc-in June, 2009, basaev led the militants back to Chechnya, and more than 800 hostages were released. During the war, Russian troops never gave up pursuing Chechen President dudayev, but they were always evaded by dudayev. However, on April 2 1, 65438,996, Russian military satellites intercepted a radio signal, which has been transmitting. Therefore, Russian military satellites have enough time to locate it, and then send the information back to the ground control center, which immediately sends the target of the Chechen war.

Relevant information was sent to an attacker waiting in the air. According to the information, the attack plane immediately launched an air-to-surface missile, which hit directly and destroyed the target in one fell swoop. It was later confirmed that the target was dudayev. It only takes a few minutes from discovery to hunting! Russian troops fought an extremely perfect and beautiful information war! The Chechen bandit leader was killed and the militants were in chaos. On May 27th, Yeltsin went to Chechnya to announce the end of the war and the Russian army won. In mid-June, the Russian army announced its withdrawal plan and completed its withdrawal at the end of August, but left two brigades in Chechnya permanently. On August 30th, Lebed, plenipotentiary of the Russian President in Chechnya and secretary of the Russian Security Council, and maskhadov, Chief of General Staff of Chechen illegal armed forces, signed the Hasawi Evat Agreement in the capital of Dagestan Republic. Both sides agreed to unconditionally stop using force and threaten to solve the conflict. 200 1 to solve the status of Chechnya. 19961June19th, Rybkin took over from Lebed to solve the Chechen problem. 65438+On February 29th, Rybkin announced that the 10 1 brigade and the 205th brigade originally stationed in Chechnya had all withdrawn from Chechnya. The first Chechen war ended. According to the statistics of Russian Ministry of Defence, as of August 30th 1996, during the Chechen War, 2837 Russian soldiers were killed, 13270 wounded, 337 missing and 432 captured. Lost five planes, eight combat helicopters, and more than 500 tanks, armored transport vehicles, infantry fighting vehicles and armored reconnaissance vehicles; The direct economic loss is about $5 billion; 15000 Chechen militants were killed.

The Second Chechen War

The signing of the ceasefire agreement has won the Chechen people a breathing space. For several years, there was no Chechen war in Chechnya.

Break away from the Russian Federation, but have de facto independence. Maskhadov became president of Chechnya on 1997127 October, but the actual military power was in the hands of basaev, commander-in-chief of Chechen armed forces. Chechen militants pose a greater threat to the territorial integrity of Russia. 1At the beginning of August, 1999, after careful preparation, basaev led thousands of militants to infiltrate villages in the south of Dagestan, and in August of 10, the so-called "Muslim country of Dagestan" was established. 1On August 7, 1999, Chechen militants invaded the southern part of Dagestan, and Russian troops set up a joint military group based in the North Caucasus Military Region to suppress the uprising. Russian troops used aviation and artillery to violently attack the rebels, and ground troops used special tactics to attack. During this period, the Russian army won the victory of annihilating the enemy 1000 people. By the 25th, all the illegally occupied villages in Chechnya were recovered, and all Chechen militants in Dagestan were basically killed. On September 30th, Russian troops marched into Chechnya from east, north and west. 654381October 2, Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs troops occupied Kinov Skaya in Poloz, the first village in Chechnya. General Maniloff, the first deputy chief of staff of Russia, announced that Russian troops had entered Chechnya from several directions and advanced in depth; 14, the representative of the joint army group announced that the Russian vanguard was 20-25 kilometers away from Grozny; 10 On June 55438+05, General kazantsev, Commander-in-Chief of the Joint Army Group, announced that the second phase of the war would enter on June 16. 1999 65438+1October 16 to 65438+February 3: The war entered the second stage: advancing on Grozny. 199910 June 16, the Joint Command announced that the 58th Army would control the Nazrani-Grozny highway; On June 5438+07, aviation and artillery attacked militants in several towns and villages; Representatives of the joint military team announced that Russian troops had taken control of 45 settlements; On the 29th, the Russian Ministry of Defence announced that the main combat operations in Chechnya will end at the end of June 165438+. 165438+1On October 9, the first deputy commander of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs, Banikov, announced that the number of troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs fighting in Chechnya reached 25,000; On June 5438+02, Russian troops occupied Gutierrez, the second largest city in Chechnya; 199965438+On February 3rd, Russia announced that its military action against bandits had entered the third stage. In the second stage of the fighting, Russian troops occupied 98 settlements in Chechnya 1 19, accounting for two thirds of Chechnya. 1999 65438+February 3-February 2000: The war went to the third stage, surrounded and attacked Grozny 65438+On February 6 and 8, Russian troops captured argon, the third largest city in Chechnya, and Martan in Uruz, respectively, and completely blocked Grozny; On the 9th, the Russian army opened up the direction of southern operations and pursued the enemy who retreated to the mountains. 10, the Russian army issued an ultimatum to Grozny on the defensive; On June 5438+05, the Russian vanguard troops occupied the eastern suburb of Grozny, and Maniloff announced that it planned to end the operation at the end of February 2000. On the 22nd, kazantsev, commander-in-chief of the joint military group, announced that Russian troops would control the mountainous areas in southern Chechnya within two to three weeks. On the night of 25th, Russian troops attacked Grozny, Special Rapid Response Unit, Special Police and Chechen War.

The troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs invaded Grozny from the east, northeast and northwest with the cooperation of the Chechen puppet troops under the command of Gantamilov. At the same time, Russian troops continued to attack the rebels in the southern mountainous areas; On June 65438+1 October1day, 2000, Russian President Vladimir Putin personally piloted the Su -27 fighter plane to the front of the North Caucasus to reward officers and men. On June 65438+1October 10, Chechen illegal armed forces counterattacked argon and Shari; 18, Russian troops resumed their attack on Grozny. With the cooperation of Chechen local armed forces, the combat troops advanced to the city center, liberating parts of the first, third, fourth and sixth communities. During this period, Major General Malofeyev, commander of the Russian 58th Army and deputy commander of the "Northern" Army Group, was killed. On the 20th, Russian troops captured Minut Card Square near the center of Georgia. However, due to insufficient preparation, the Russian army wearing green combat uniforms became an excellent target in the snow, resulting in a large number of soldiers casualties. 2 1, Russian troops recruited special forces to fight in Grozny. On the 22nd, Russian troops took control of five communities and other areas in Grozny. The control area is gradually expanding. On the 26th, Russian troops surrounded the illegal armed forces in the south and west of Chechnya, basically cutting off the way for illegal armed forces to break through the border. 29th; Colonel Nikolai Meda, head of the Russian 325th helicopter regiment, was killed. On February 1-2, dudayev's nephew and other four "field commanders" were killed, and basaev, the leader of illegal armed forces, was struck by lightning, his right foot was blown off, and his hands and head were injured. On February 4, Russian troops planted the national flag in the Chechen government building in the center of Grozny; On February 6, 2000, Russian President Vladimir Putin announced that Russian troops would withdraw from Chechnya in a planned way after the military operation in Chechnya, but a division would be stationed in Chechnya for a long time. On the 8 th, Chechen Vice President Chechen War

Elsa's martyrdom; On the 9th, kazantsev announced that Russian troops had entered the final stage of annihilating illegal armed forces in the mountainous areas of Chechnya. 1 1, Russian Defense Minister sergeyev declared that the Russian army blocked the export of the Yagong Gorge to Georgia and controlled the strategic location of the Gorge; Russian troops occupied the southern Chechen city of Itumkale, and the Russian government said it would not negotiate with Chechnya. Russia's repression will continue. However, due to a mistake by the Russian army, a considerable number of Chechen illegal armed forces broke through successfully and hid in the mountains. With the arrival of spring, the bare mountains will become lush, thus providing a good cover for Chechen militants to hide, and the Russian army's attack will become more difficult. Since then, Russia and Turkey have carried out intermittent repression and ambush fighting. By mid-June 2000, the war had basically subsided. In the Second Chechen War, according to Maniloff, First Deputy Chief of Staff of Russian Army, by June 200015,2091Russian Army and internal security forces were killed and 5962 people were injured. At the cost equivalent to one-third of the previous one, we won an all-round war victory. This war in Chechnya

The Russian army fully learned the lessons of the last war, was well prepared and had flexible tactical command. Instead of using a large number of troops to attack as in the past, it used a large number of capable special forces internal security departments to deal with illegal Chechen armed forces by hunting. At the same time, drawing lessons from the operational experience of the US military in the Gulf and Kosovo, the Russian army used a large number of high-tech and high-precision weapons to destroy many military and civilian targets in Chechnya and kill a large number of its soldiers, and then let the infantry carry out the next combat operation, effectively reducing the casualties of the troops. At the same time, the Russian army has also strengthened the collection of information and intelligence. Forcing Chechen armed forces not to even use radio has greatly weakened their combat effectiveness. 20065438+011On October 22, Russian President Vladimir Putin announced that Russian troops would withdraw from Chechnya in an all-round way, and that Russian military operations would be transformed from mass annihilation of rebels to an anti-Chechen independence movement. The 42nd Division composed of10.5 thousand people and the internal and external brigades composed of 6-7 thousand people will be stationed in Chechnya for a long time. The second Chechen war has ended.