Where are Israel and Palestine on the map? What is their origin? Stein's statement must be in the names of Arab countries. Is it true?

Map? What I painted in orange is directly above Egypt in the Middle East.

What is Yuanyuan? (Personal feeling) This place used to be Jewish? Then the Romans drove them away? What about Arabs? After World War II? The Jews are back? Establish Israel? Arabs have been here too long? Reluctant to leave? More and more Jews? Because the land is fighting! ?

(Specifically) Jews are people who originally refer to the Jewish tribe (one of the tribes of Israel 12) or the Kingdom of Judah (the Kingdom of Israel is opposite to the Kingdom of Israel established by the northern tribe 10). All Jews were originally called Hebrews, and they were also called Israelis from the time they occupied Palestine to the time they were exiled to Babylon in Zhu Zu. After living in exile, only the people who originally belonged to the Kingdom of Judah maintained their own national characteristics, and other 10 tribes were dispersed and assimilated into other peoples after Assyria destroyed the northern kingdom in 72 1 BC. So the word Jew only refers to people who originally belonged to the kingdom of Judah. ?

Jews of all factions admit that Jewish women are Jews, while reformers believe that Jews are Jews only if their parents are Jews. Generally speaking, from a purely religious point of view, a community that has lived in a non-Jewish environment for generations and retained many basic teachings of Judaism is regarded as a real Jew as a whole, but as an individual, such people cannot marry Jews at will. ?

Jews are all over the world, including 5.8 million in the United States, 4.42 million in Israel, 600,000 in France, 600,000 in Russia, 446,000 in Ukraine, 360,000 in Canada, 300,000 in Britain, 250,000 in Argentina, 654.38+065.438+04,000 in South Africa and 654.38+00,654 in Australia. ?

The biblical age? The history of the Jews began in the first 500 years of the second millennium BC. The ancestors were Abraham, his son Isaac and his grandson Jacob. A famine throughout the country forced Jacob and his sons, the ancestors of twelve tribes in Israel, to move to Egypt, where their descendants became slaves. Centuries later, Moses led the people out of Egypt, out of slavery, towards freedom and finally back to Israel. They wandered in desert of sinai for 40 years, where they formed a country, accepted the laws of Moses, including the Ten Commandments, and the monotheism founded by their ancestors began to take shape. ?

Under Joshua's command, Israeli tribes conquered Israel and settled down, but they often only unite under the leadership of leaders called "judges" when they are threatened from outside. BC 1028, Sol established a monarchy; His successor David unified the tribes and established their capital in Jerusalem in 1000 BC. Solomon, the son of David, developed the kingdom into a prosperous commercial power and built the temple of monotheism in Israel in Jerusalem. Archaeological excavations have confirmed that during Solomon's reign, important city trade centers were established in some fortified towns, such as Xiasuo, Megiddo and Geji. After Solomon's death, the country split into two kingdoms: one is the kingdom of Israel, with its capital in Samaria; One is the Jewish kingdom with Jerusalem as its capital. The two kingdoms coexisted for two centuries, ruled by Jewish kings, and warned by prophets to safeguard social justice and abide by the law. ?

In 722 BC, the kingdom of Israel was occupied by Assyrians, and the people were forced into exile (known as the "lost ten tribes" in history). In 586 BC, the Jewish kingdom was conquered by the Babylonians. The invaders destroyed the temple in Jerusalem and sent most of the Jews to Babylon. ?

The period of Jewish autonomy (538-60 BC)? In 539 BC, the Babylonian Empire was conquered by Persians. After that, many Jews returned to Judah (the homeland of Israel) to rebuild the temple in Jerusalem, and the Jewish way of life in their homeland was restored. In the next four centuries, Jews enjoyed a great degree of autonomy under the rule of Persians and ancient Greeks. The Seleuc dynasty in Syria took a series of measures to ban the religious belief of Jews, which led to the uprising led by the Macabies family in 168 BC, and then established an independent Jewish kingdom, which was ruled by the Jewish king of Haas Monic dynasty for about 80 years. ?

Foreign rule (60 BC-AD 1948)? Since 60 BC, the country has been weakened by civil strife and increasingly controlled by Rome. In order to get rid of Roman rule, the Jews launched another uprising, the biggest one of which broke out in 66 AD. After four years of fighting, the Romans conquered Judea in 70 AD, burned down the Second Temple and exiled many Jews in China. The last resistance of Jews to Rome was that more than 1000 people were trapped in the castle on the top of Masaadeh. The rebellion ended in 73 AD with the collective suicide of the defenders. It became a symbol of the Jews' struggle for freedom in their own land. ?

Under the rule of Rome (70-3 13) and Byzantium (3 13-636), Jewish society continued to maintain and develop its own legal, educational and cultural systems in its own land. In the 2nd century A.D., Jewish law involved all aspects of life, and was compiled into the oral law "Missina Sutra", and then expanded into the Talmud Sutra in the 3rd-5th century A.D. ... Some of these laws were later revised according to the situation, and Jews who abide by the canon still abide by these laws. ?

Another attempt by Jews to regain national sovereignty was the Barkohba Uprising in A.D. 132, which led to the establishment of an independent Jewish enclave in Judea with Jerusalem as its capital. However, three years later, the Romans defeated Balkoba. In order to sever the ties between Jews and their homeland, they renamed Jerusalem Elijah capito Linna and renamed the country Balestina. ?

Since the 7th century, the country has been successively divided into Arabs (6 13- 109 1), Seljuks (1091-0/099), Crusaders (/kloc-0). The Ottoman Empire was ruled by Turks (1517-1917) and British (19 18- 1948). Rulers in different periods arbitrarily changed boundaries and names. The palace built by the conquerors is a historical testimony of their rule over this land. ?

Although there are fewer and fewer Jews because of thousands of years of alien rule, Jews have always maintained their presence in this homeland, and the Jewish population has been increasing with the return of Jews scattered in various countries. By the middle of19th century, the sparse Jewish population had surged. ?

Zionism? For centuries, the hope of returning to Zion (Zion, traditionally synonymous with Jerusalem and Israel's homeland) has been the pillar of Jewish life scattered around the world. By the end of 19, Jews in eastern Europe were constantly oppressed and persecuted, while Jews in western Europe were increasingly disillusioned with formal liberation, which neither ended racial discrimination nor integrated Jews into their own society. Zionism came into being as a national liberation movement. From 65438 to 0897, theodor herzl held the first Zionist Congress in Basel. At the meeting, the Zionist movement became a formal political organization, calling on Jews to return to their homeland Israel and revive Jewish national life in their ancestral homeland. ?

Inspired by Zionism, thousands of Jews began to return home. At that time, this homeland was still a part of the Ottoman Empire, sparsely populated and ignored by the world. Early pioneers drained swamps, reclaimed wasteland, planted trees on bare mountains, established industries and built cities and villages here. They established community institutions and service facilities, and restored Hebrew, which had long been used only for worship and literature, to daily life. ?

A piece of land, two nationalities? Based on the consideration of "Jews have historical ties with Palestine (the homeland of Israel)" and "rebuilding Jewish homeland in that country", the League of Nations entrusted Britain to rule this homeland in 1922, and specifically charged Britain to "create various political, administrative and economic environments for this country to ensure the establishment of Jewish homeland." ?

In the same year, Britain established the United Arab Emirates (today's Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan) outside Arabia on three-quarters of the territory of this trust territory, leaving only the area west of the Jordan River for the development of Jewish homes. Arab extremist leaders even oppose the establishment of Jewish homes in such a small area. They instigated attacks on the Jewish community and even attacked Arabs who advocated Arab-Jewish relations. British restrictions on Jewish immigration and settlement did not stop Arab militants, and violent incidents occurred frequently until the outbreak of World War II. ?

During World War II, the Nazis killed about 6 million European Jews, including 6.5438+0.5 million children. After the war, despite the urgent need to find refuge for Jews who survived the Nazi Holocaust, Britain did not cancel the Jewish immigration quota. To explain this stamp: Anna Frank and her family fled Nazi persecution in this house for two years in response to the British policy of restricting immigration. The native Jewish community, together with Jews all over the world, mobilized all human and material resources and organized an "illegal" immigration movement to transfer 85,000 refugees from Europe to their homeland. ?

Arabs oppose Jews settling in their homeland, while Jews insist on lifting the restrictions on Jewish immigration. Britain handed over the problem to the United Nations without mediation. 1On October 29th, the United Nations General Assembly voted to establish two countries in the West Bank: a Jewish state and an Arab state. Jews accepted Ding's partition plan, while Arabs rejected it. ?

National status? 1948 in may, the British trusteeship ended, and the Jews immediately announced the establishment of the state of Israel. Less than 24 hours later, the armies of five Arab countries invaded the new country. This war of Israeli independence has been going on and off for more than a year. 1in July, 949, an armistice agreement was signed with neighboring Arab countries based on the ceasefire line. ?

What's next? Stan.

STINE and STAN mean people, and Stan is transliteration. ?

Some people say that "Stan" means Islamic country. In fact, there was the Persian word Stan first, and then there was the Turkization and Islamization of Central Asia. Although most places called "Stan" believe in Islam, not all places believe in Islam, such as "Tuhorostan" (there was no Islam at that time). There is also "Hindustan" (written in Persian as hindustan). And "Stan" is by no means a political "country", and often it just refers to a general geographical area. For example, "Hindustan" sometimes refers to Hindi-speaking places in northern India, sometimes refers to the whole Indian subcontinent, or refers to India (there is a newspaper in India called Hindustan Times). ?

Palestine's "Stan" comes from ancient Semitic language. Its original name is PalesTINE, but the last syllable tine of this place name is not a suffix, and the letter T of its species is part of the stem, which has no regional or national significance. The historical origin of this place name is very old and has evolved into what it is today. After vicissitudes of life, it involves many languages in ancient and modern times. It is generally believed that it originated from Hebrew. Today's Palestine was the residence of Canaanites before 3000 BC. 12 BC. /kloc-in the third century, a group of foreigners came from the Mediterranean and Egypt. They were not locals. Foreigners who enter from Egypt and use Hebrew call foreigners who enter from the sea FILISHTIM, falastim or PALASTIM, which actually means foreigners. Therefore, it originally refers to "people", not the ground. This place name was later quoted by the Greeks, and there are two transliteration forms. Later, the ancient Romans transliterated into Felicity and Palestine according to Latin, and English transliterated into Felicity. PALESTINE, Chinese is translated into Felicity and Palestine respectively. Of the above two transliteration forms, the first one is more common. At the beginning of the 2nd century A.D., after the Romans occupied the east coast of the Mediterranean, they named this area Felicia according to Greek. ?

The Philistines are a non-Semitic people, and they are on the verge of extinction because of their mixing with the surrounding Semitic people. With the demise of the nation, the real place name of Felix is not very common, but Palestine, another name of the Philistines transliterated in Greek Latin, has gradually gained momentum of development and has become a place name, replacing Felix, which is still in use today. ?

In Southwest Asia, South Asia and Central Asia, there are many place names with the word "Stan", some of which are country names, such as Pakistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Gaman and Kazakhstan. Some are regional names, such as Hindustan (also translated as Hindustan), Reggie Stan, Los Restan, Sistan, Khuzestan, Kurdistan, etc. "Stan" type "infiltrated" Europe, such as the west coast of Caspian Sea, eastern North Caucasus and Dagerstam. Even recently, this type of place names have been produced, such as Tatarstan and Bashi in the Russian Federation.

Cortot Stein and others. A few place names are translated into Chinese without "Stan", but their original names have this word formation, such as Baluchistan in Afghanistan. ?

The word "Stan" originally comes from Persian, and "-Stan" is its Roman transliteration. The original meaning is very simple, that is, "place" and "region", generally referring to a relatively large area. Later, with the expansion of the political influence of ancient Persia, the spread of Persian culture, the proliferation of Iranian nationalities and the close contact with other nationalities, the word entered Hindi, Urdu, Turkic and other languages, and its meaning expanded and its content gradually enriched, resulting in a number of similar but different extended meanings. For example, since modern times, some provinces and regions have built districts in the name of "……", which leads to the identical form of traditional place names, historical place names and political district nouns, but the scope they refer to is inconsistent. For example, Balochistan was originally a regional name, but politically it belongs to Pakistan and stan, and both countries have provinces named after or containing this name. Another example is Kurdistan. As a traditional place name, it refers to part of the territories of Turkey, Iran, Iraq, Syria and Armenia, but Iran has established Kurdistan Province on its own side. This happens within a country, and the problem is not big. If it happens between two or three countries, we should pay attention to the differences (including its spelling) to avoid confusion. Because some country names contain the word "Stan", such as Afghanistan and Pakistan, they have the extended meaning of "country". In the 1990s, with the rise of five Central Asian countries, all of them adopted "..." Stan "as the word-formation component of the country name, and this extended meaning became more prominent and attracted more attention. Some people even think that the so-called "Stan" means "country". ?

In a word, the meaning of "Stan" is generally nothing more than "region", "province (region)" and "country". In the past, it usually referred to a large geographical entity, which was rarely used by others. However, the situation is always changing. Over time, the name of the city also contains this ingredient. For example, there is a city in south-central Sakhak called Turkestan (in South Kazakhstan); In addition, there is a small town called Gulistan in Iran, Kazakhstan and Pakistan, but there are few such examples. ?

Generally speaking, place names with "Stan" as the word-formation component have a long history. Such place names frequently appear in ancient Persian classics, and even have been repeatedly reflected in the chronicles of our country. But some of them are newly born, such as "Pakistan", which was born with the birth of a new country in 1947. It's only been half a century, and the rest can't be said to be ancient place names, such as the west coast of the Caspian Sea. Dagger Stan in the European part of the Russian Federation didn't have this name until17th century, but before that, it was never lightly read. ?

As a generic name of place names, "Stan" is often combined with national names, so the meaning of place names is very obvious. Baluchistan means "Baluchistan region", Kurdistan means "Kurdish region" and so on. But it can't be absolute. We can't turn this situation into a formula and put it on all the place names that contain "Stan", otherwise it will be a joke. For example, a Pakistani national name does not matter. According to Islamic teachings, it takes the word "Bak" (meaning "pure and unpolluted" and "pure and true", which was originally the respect and praise of Islam for Allah) and adds "Stan" to form the country name, which means "the country of Muslims" and "the country of Allah". Another example is Dagerstam, which is a combination of the Turkish word "Dage" (meaning "mountain") and the Persian word "Stan". The full name means "mountain country" and "mountain area", which reflects the outstanding characteristics of the local geographical environment, but has nothing to do with the ethnic names of the residents.