What are the artistic features of xingguo folk song?

Xingguo folk song is one of the intangible cultural heritages of China folk music. It is a Hakka folk song popular in Xingguo County, Jiangxi Province, and extended to Jiangxi, Guangdong, Fujian and Guangxi provinces. The legend originated from "woodcut". Xingguo folk song belongs to the oral art of the Han nationality, while the Shan Ye folk songs of Xialiba people are only passed down from mouth to mouth. The official history does not record its origin, but two folk songs that appeared in the whole Tang poetry in the name of "too hermit" have also been "refined" by recorded scholars. This article will introduce the artistic features and historical origins of xingguo folk song. Let's have a look! Xingguo County is located in the south of Jiangxi Province and belongs to Ganzhou City. More than 95% of the population in Xingguo are Hakkas and their descendants who moved south from the Central Plains. Due to the unique geographical environment and Hakka background, Hakka people who have lived in the mountains for generations have a hard life. After work, they can only express their inner feelings with folk songs. The unique xingguo folk song is a fusion of the ancient rhyme of the Central Plains and the local indigenous culture. Xingguo folk song, with its unique folk style, flexible form, changeable techniques, vivid language, beautiful music melody and far-reaching influence, has been rooted in the people and has been enduring for thousands of years, becoming a bright pearl of China folk art. Xingguo County was named "the hometown of folk art and folk songs in China" by the Ministry of Culture.

I. Historical origin

Xingguo folk song has a long history. According to legend, it was sung by the lumberjack who built Epang Palace in Shangluo Mountain at the end of Qin Dynasty. After the Hakka ancestors in the Central Plains moved south, their folk songs infiltrated into it, merged with it, constantly transformed and evolved, and took root and blossomed in Xingguo Mountain area. Xingguo folk song has a saying that "it began in the Tang Dynasty, flourished in the Song Dynasty, and the Tang and Song Dynasties have been passed down to this day". Xingguo folk song's representative repertoires include mustard seed in the garden, embroidered box, all the best lines, praise for the Eight Immortals and so on.

Xingguo folk song used to be the horn of battle. It rose to fame in the struggle between blood and fire more than half a century ago and played an important role in the establishment and consolidation of the red regime. In the early 1930s, under extremely difficult conditions, the soldiers and civilians in Jiangxi Soviet area carried out five counter-campaigns against "encirclement and suppression". When women in Xingguo County send their relatives to the front, they will send newly-made straw sandals and newly-made folk songs. "Oh, here we go! When the gunfire comes to the battle horn, play a folk song to listen to. Fight to the death with the enemy, red army brothers! Call Nanchang, Fuzhou. " The warm and unrestrained singing stirred the hearts of the soldiers, and they replied with folk songs: "Oh, here we are! Folk songs come from Xingguo city, and every sentence is touching. The soldiers ahead are so excited, comrades! More powerful to kill the enemy. " One folk song after another, the people and the army encourage each other. Singing has become a force for struggle, inspiring people to fight bravely.

With the wave of reform and opening up, xingguo folk song has released unprecedented brilliance. Xingguo County regards "revitalizing xingguo folk song and building the hometown of folk songs" as the leader of cultural construction and the indispensable spiritual food for the people, which makes xingguo folk song unprecedentedly prosperous. In the form of singing, it developed from solo and duet to chorus, chorus and chorus, and also created a new kind of drama-xingguo folk song Opera. The cultural department has set up more than 20 amateur folk song singing teams, which are active in various towns all the year round.

In order to inherit and develop this cultural treasure, Xingguo takes "revitalizing xingguo folk song and building the hometown of folk songs" as the leader of cultural construction. Cultural workers went deep into the countryside all the year round, digging, sorting and collecting more than 50,000 folk songs, selected songs 1420, compiled Selected Works of xingguo folk song and Sequel of Selected Works of xingguo folk song, published and distributed 5,400 local materials of xingguo folk song, and produced DVD and TV feature films of xingguo folk song.

Xingguo County established the first professional folk song troupe in China, and its large-scale folk song "Love of Folk Songs" was a sensation in Beijing, winning the "Five Ones" Project Award of the Propaganda Department of the CPC, the 4th Wenhua Award and the 1st Caoyu Drama Literature Award. Xingguo folk song, full of earthy fragrance, has ascended the highest hall of art, and "Chongyang Folk Song Festival" has become a grand cultural festival for rejuvenating the country.

2. Artistic features

Xingguo folk song is lively, diverse and full of life. There are solo, duet, "strike while the iron is hot", chorus and rotation, as well as lock songs, vegetable songs, fighting songs, guessing flowers, throwing Guanyin, biting the yellow loach tail, embroidering purse, wrapping Brawly and so on. From the big performance form, xingguo folk song can be divided into the following categories: Shan Ye sings in the field, which varies according to the situation, covering the relationship between men and women, production, life, current politics and other aspects; Dance is divided into Nanhe folk songs and Donghe folk songs. Nanhe folk songs are divided into love songs and gag funny songs, which are sung by couples dressed up, and Donghe folk songs are praise folk songs. Folk songs are sung at temple fairs, weddings, funerals, birthdays, building houses, children's full moons and other occasions, and most of the singers are professional singers; Narrative folk songs are often sung in mass occasions, with strong stories, often around a certain theme, and often used by local governments as a means of propaganda work; Song competition is a special form, that is, singers get together to show off their talents, test their "belly talent", be more alert, climax after climax, and then produce champions.

Folk songs sung by Shan Ye in the fields are also called remote folk songs. Its basic format is seven words and four sentences. However, some singers like to add a homophonic sentence at the end, deepening and supplementing the previous sentence to form five sentences, commonly known as "Sanluoban", which is a variation of the seven-character four-sentence style. Jumping is a kind of singing folk song, which is generally called indoor folk song. Indoor folk songs are mainly narrative folk songs, which are composed of three parts: the head, the belly and the end, with typical traditional characteristics of crown, crown and crown. The beginning of a song is usually one or two sentences, which are used to cheer up and rhyme; At the end of the song, a short and powerful sentence makes the finishing point and reveals the theme; The core part of the whole song is the belly. The content of the song "Belly" can be infinitely expanded, ranging from three or five sentences to one or two hundred sentences, depending on the singer's "belly talent" and the needs of story development.

However, whether it is remote singing or indoor singing, there is a remarkable feature: improvisation. That is, the situation is immediate, temporary preparation and export. So xingguo folk song's level mainly depends on the singer's improvisation ability. A good singer can often make witty remarks and achieve the effect of climax after climax.

In the form of singing, xingguo folk song has distinctive features different from other folk songs. The first sentence of every song is "God", and the music has a strong sense of melody. With the excitement of generate coming out, his singing is like a big water throwing waves, surging and stirring, and it is a thousand miles a day. The middle part of the song, ups and downs, different singers, forming their own different singing styles, or high-pitched agitation, or low-pitched; There is an echo "dear brother (sister)" at the end of the sentence, and now it is called "gay brother (sister)", echoing the beginning "alas!" Xingguo folk song formed a complete and unique singing style. Narrative folk songs are often sung in the form of duet or duet (commonly known as three dozen) because of their long length. The singer uses a small gong, and after each falling (dragging the cavity), he plays a small gong for a while to facilitate the singer to catch his breath; Secondly, it provides a moment of thinking time for the singer to brew a draft; Third, it plays the role of "going through the door" and turning.

Xingguo folk song inherited the traditional creative techniques of Fu, Bi and Xing, and constantly enriched and developed them in the long-term singing practice. The reason why xingguo folk song can endure for a long time and spread widely is that it has local flavor and earthy flavor, and people's joys and sorrows are easily sung and exported into songs.

There are many kinds of xingguo folk song in Sang Song. In the old society, he often sang historical stories, legends and news besides the love and working life of men and women. He sometimes improvises and sometimes narrates in a long way, with various forms. After liberation, many music works with the revolutionary history of Jinggangshan and Gannan base areas as the theme often used this as the material to create him, such as Chorus of the Red Army Base Area and Chorus of Jinggangshan.

Xingguo folk song is the horn of labor, floating in the fields and forests, trembling on the curved pole and winding on the spinning wheel, which not only inspires enthusiasm, but also eliminates fatigue. Xingguo folk song is a mirror of life, which reflects the colorful life, including lovers' love, pouring tea and entertaining guests, praying for good luck and disaster, and celebrating good things, red and white. Love songs, in particular, are full of fun by using metaphors, metaphors and puns.

Three. Inherit meaning

Xingguo folk song is diverse, lively and flexible. Therefore, it has been enduring for thousands of years and is deeply loved by the masses. Xingguo folk song is rooted in the deep Hakka cultural soil, covering all aspects of Hakka life and rich in Hakka cultural information. In a sense, xingguo folk song is a historical picture of Hakkas. It is undoubtedly an extremely important measure to protect, study, interpret and explore the essence of xingguo folk song. The state attaches great importance to the protection of intangible cultural heritage. On May 20th, 2006, xingguo folk song was approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list.

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