Education hotspot: Basic education has entered a new stage of comprehensively improving the quality of education?

■ Compulsory education in 24 big cities has an exam-free enrollment rate of over 98%

■ More than half of primary schools and junior high schools in 36 large and medium-sized cities have launched after-school services

< p>■ The number of dropouts from compulsory education in poverty-stricken counties has dropped from 290,000 at the end of May this year to 65,000

■ 24 provinces have issued specific implementation plans for “30 burden reduction measures”

■ 11,400 supporting kindergartens in urban communities have completed rectification, accounting for 57% of the total number that should be renovated

■ 2018 was the year with the largest decline in large class sizes in the past 10 years, with the national average proportion falling to 7.1%

The high-frequency word in basic education this year is “quality”. Since the National Education Conference, the central government has issued three documents: "Several Opinions on Deepening the Reform and Standardized Development of Preschool Education", "Opinions on Deepening the Reform of Education and Teaching to Comprehensively Improve the Quality of Compulsory Education", and "Opinions on Promoting the Reform of Educational Methods in Ordinary High Schools in the New Era". Guiding Opinions", making major arrangements for the reform and development of basic education.

“This marks that our country’s basic education has entered a new stage of comprehensively improving the quality of education. The implementation work has begun and the momentum is good. The task of comprehensive implementation is still very arduous.” On November 14, the Ministry of Education Lu Yugang, director of the Department of Basic Education, said at the sixth "Education Endeavor and Implementation" press briefing held by the Ministry of Education. This briefing will focus on hot issues in basic education and focus on the progress in implementing the spirit of the National Basic Education Work Conference.

Refine measures and strengthen supporting facilities

Based on the requirements of the central government and focusing on the key tasks of connotation construction and quality improvement, the Ministry of Education has researched and formulated a series of supporting policy documents.

“The Party Group of the Ministry of Education has recently adopted three supporting policy documents.” Lu Yugang revealed that the first supporting policy is the “Opinions on Strengthening and Improving Basic Education Teaching and Research in the New Era”, which focuses on improving the national, The five-level teaching and research work system of province, city, county and school clarifies the professional standards and staffing standards for teaching and research personnel, and provides opinions on deepening the reform and innovation of teaching and research work. "This is the first time that the professional standards and staffing standards for teaching and research staff have been clarified." Lu Yugang said. The second supporting policy is the "Opinions on Strengthening the Work on Propositions for Junior High School Academic Level Examinations", which clearly states that scientific propositions should be based on curriculum standards to give full play to the leading role of exam propositions in the development of quality education. The third item is the "Opinions on Strengthening and Improving Experimental Teaching in Primary and Secondary Schools", which gives full play to the important role of experimental teaching in cultivating the innovative spirit and practical ability of primary and secondary school students.

Lu Yugang revealed that the Ministry of Education is also studying and formulating measures to strengthen labor education, improve school physical education and aesthetic education, deepen the reform of education supervision systems and mechanisms, stimulate the vitality of primary and secondary school running, compulsory education quality evaluation standards, and graded reading guidance for primary and secondary school students. , as well as policy documents such as teacher burden reduction, teacher preferential treatment measures, and teacher education and disciplinary powers.

All localities are also non-stop implementing the central spirit and have put forward key implementation tasks in a targeted manner. It is reported that at present, 19 provinces including Tianjin, Liaoning, and Jilin have put forward relevant ideas and measures.

“If you don’t do your homework, your mother will be kind and your son will be filial. If you do your homework, you will be in a hurry.” At the press briefing, Jia Wei, deputy director of the Shanghai Municipal Education Commission, quoted a joke on the Internet, saying that parents are in trouble when it comes to homework. of anxiety.

Shanghai has extended the tentacles of educational reform to homework. In September this year, in order to strengthen homework management and improve homework efficiency, Shanghai issued the "Measures for Strengthening Homework Management in Compulsory Education Schools", strengthened family education guidance, and compiled and distributed a series of family education guidance question and answer materials "What do parents do when children do homework?" Coordinate the total amount of homework in each discipline and arrange practical homework and interdisciplinary homework in an orderly manner.

In the reform of basic education, evaluation is the baton. Shanghai attaches great importance to ability-oriented comprehensive evaluation, and has promulgated implementation measures for comprehensive quality evaluation of junior high school students, objectively records and realistic descriptions of students' growth process, and supporting the construction of a comprehensive quality evaluation information management system, including social inspections, public welfare labor, professional experience, etc. Content social practice activity system.

“Students generally report that after the implementation of comprehensive quality assessment, history, geography, art, science and other subjects are no longer 'occupied', and learning is no longer limited to the classroom, and there are more opportunities to get out of the classroom and After leaving school, the campus and society have become living classrooms,” Jia Wei said.

Promoting the reform of education methods in ordinary high schools is also a key task of basic education.

At the briefing meeting, Li Yanyi, deputy director of the Hainan Provincial Department of Education, introduced that starting from the autumn semester of 2019, Hainan became the first province in the country to implement new courses and use new teaching materials. In order to adapt to the needs of the college entrance examination reform pilot, high schools in the province have begun to Selecting courses locally allows students to study in their own "proximal development zone", changing the original "step-by-step" teaching model and exploring the organic connection of curriculum, textbooks, teaching, examinations, evaluation, and enrollment.

“Teachers are the key to comprehensively improving the quality of ordinary high school education.” Li Yanyi said that Hainan has optimized the allocation mechanism of teachers and increased staffing coordination. The province has approved an increase of more than 1,500 ordinary high school teachers. Increase the overall proportion of senior teacher positions in ordinary high schools in "provincial first-level schools" by 5%, simplify teacher exchange and deployment procedures, improve teacher recruitment, performance appraisal and exit mechanisms, and balance the allocation of teacher resources.

Focus on people's livelihood hot spots and pay close attention to governance and implementation

Compulsory education enrollment, the "3:30" problem, large class sizes, management of supporting kindergartens in urban communities, and control of dropouts and school guarantees are hot topics of concern to the people. Difficult issues have become the focus of this ventilation meeting.

"Private schools can carry out winter camps and other activities, but they must not be linked to enrollment. The enrollment of private and public schools must be synchronized." In response to the recent "hard to get a ticket" for winter camp registration at a private school in Beijing Phenomenon, Lu Yugang said, "The unreasonable phenomenon of trying to enroll students in advance through various means must be changed."

In order to promote the formation of fair and complete local admission rules in accordance with the goal of "school admissions based on zoning and enrollment of students from nearby areas", at the beginning of this year, the Ministry of Education specially issued a guideline on the recruitment and admission of ordinary primary and secondary schools. Notice, actively and steadily promote the full coverage of the exam-free nearby admission policy.

"Especially after the release of the "Opinions on Deepening the Reform of Education and Teaching to Comprehensively Improve the Quality of Compulsory Education", it was clearly required that all localities should include the enrollment of private compulsory education schools in the unified management of the approval areas. Starting next year, all provinces must fully implement Private and public primary and secondary schools are enrolling students simultaneously. "According to Lu Yugang, the work of exempting students from nearby compulsory education in 2019 has been generally stable and has made new progress. The proportion of students enrolled in compulsory education in 24 major cities across the country has reached 98.6%.

In recent years, the "3:30" problem has become a major anxiety for many parents.

In order to solve problems such as parent transportation and students' after-school life, the Ministry of Education actively promotes the establishment of flexible school leaving system in primary and secondary schools, encourages schools to actively carry out after-school services, and continuously improves the coverage of after-school services. At present, 29 provinces have formulated opinions on establishing after-school service systems for primary and secondary schools. In 36 large and medium-sized cities across the country, 66.2% of primary schools and 56.4% of junior high schools have launched after-school services. 43.2% of primary school students and 33.7% of junior high school students voluntarily participate in after-school services. The proportion of participating teachers is 58.3% and 35.1% respectively. .

In Shenyang, through measures such as full acceptance, full coverage, and simultaneous advancement, the participation rate of after-school services in primary schools, junior high schools, and high schools in the city exceeded 94% in this fall semester. "The municipal finance allocates 180 million yuan in special funds every year for basic expenses such as teacher subsidies and the purchase of consumables," said Yan Fengxia, Secretary of the Party Leadership Group and Director of the Shenyang Municipal Education Bureau.

Large class sizes and controlling dropouts and ensuring school attendance are also hot and difficult issues in basic education. "2018 was the year with the largest decline in large class sizes in the past 10 years. Currently, 14 provinces across the country have achieved the goal of controlling the proportion of large class sizes within 5% ahead of schedule." Lu Yugang said that since this year, the Ministry of Education has strengthened source control, Carry out supervision and inspection and other measures, focusing on promoting the 11 provinces with large class quotas exceeding 6% to increase their efforts. The average proportion of large class sizes in these provinces has dropped from 11.8% last year to the current 6.5%.

On October 29, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection announced the progress of the special rectification work to control dropouts and ensure school security. The number of students who dropped out of compulsory education in 832 national-level poverty-stricken counties across the country has decreased from 290,000 at the end of May 2019 to 65,000.

Carrying out the management of supporting kindergartens in urban communities is a "tough battle." "From a national perspective, all regions have generally accelerated the governance and rectification process." Lu Yugang revealed that so far, 11,400 kindergartens in urban communities have completed the rectification tasks, accounting for 57% of the total number that should be rectified.

Burden reduction is not about eliminating burdens, it is about optimizing burdens

Recently, with the introduction of local implementation plans for burden reduction, the topic of "burden reduction" has once again entered the center of the public opinion field.

"Burden reduction does not mean that students have no learning burden, nor is it the so-called 'happy education'. We need to have a comprehensive and correct understanding of burden reduction work." Lu Yugang said that a reasonable burden is for students to develop their intelligence, Necessary conditions for stimulating potential and exercising abilities. It is the student's learning obligation and necessary effort to complete the learning content stipulated in the national curriculum plan and curriculum standards. This type of burden should not be regarded as excessive.

What burden will be reduced by reducing the burden? "It is necessary to reduce unnecessary and unreasonable burdens caused by intensive test-taking, mechanical question answering, and advanced and excessive training." Lu Yugang said.

Load reduction is necessary, but burden reduction cannot simply reduce the difficulty of coursework and reduce the amount of homework. "What burden reduction needs to do is to optimize the reasonable burden on students. The burden reduction work cannot be a 'one-size-fits-all' type of burden reduction." Lu Yugang said that burden reduction should be scientifically reduced in accordance with the requirements of promoting students' all-round development, and there should be an increase when there is a decrease. It is necessary to address some shortcomings and strengthen moral education, physical education, aesthetic education and labor practice. We should also teach students in accordance with their aptitude, provide elective courses, flexible homework and support and guidance, actively expand students' learning space, and ensure that students meet the academic quality standards stipulated by the state.

At the end of last year, nine departments including the Ministry of Education jointly issued the "Measures for Reducing the Burden of Primary and Secondary School Students", which is the first document to comprehensively and systematically promote the work of reducing the burden of primary and secondary school students. All regions are actively implementing it, and 24 provinces have issued specific implementation plans.

“We should see that burden reduction is a complex and systematic work.” Lu Yugang believes that reducing the excessive academic burden on primary and secondary school students requires comprehensive policies and multi-party linkage. For schools, they should accurately analyze academic conditions, focus on differentiated teaching and individualized guidance, and solve problems such as "not having enough to eat", "cannot digest", and diverse needs in students' learning.

For parents, it is necessary to establish scientific parenting concepts, rationally help children set life goals, and prevent blind comparison and sending children to participate in unnecessary off-campus training.

“Governments at all levels and education administrative departments must establish a scientific view of political performance, and shall not evaluate schools and teachers unilaterally based on the enrollment rate, let alone issue enrollment targets for schools.” Lu Yugang said that it is also necessary to deepen the propositions of the high school and college entrance examinations The reform and enrollment reform will focus on examining the comprehensive quality of students to avoid any problems that exceed the standard; deepen the management of off-campus training institutions, strictly prohibit advanced training that exceeds the standard, improve the "black and white list" system, and effectively reduce the excessive extracurricular burden caused by off-campus training.

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