Who are the Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest?

The Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest refer to Ji Kang, Ruan Ji, Dan Tao, Xiang Embroidery, Liu Ling, Wang Rong and Ruan Xian, and are called the Seven Sages first. Because he often lived under the bamboo forest in Shanyang county (now Xiuwu area) at that time, drinking and singing freely, he was called the seven sages of the world, and later named the bamboo forest after the land name.

Dianyuan

The Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest refer to seven famous people in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties: Ruan Ji, Ji Kang, Dan Tao, Liu Ling, Ruan Xian, Xiang Xiu and Wang Rong. The activity area was in Shanyang County at that time, and now it is in Xiuwu County, Jiaozuo, Henan Province. Jin Shu? Ji Kang's Biography: Ji Kang lives in Yang Shan. Only Ruan Jihe made friends with God in Hanoi, and he also made friends with Xiang Embroidery in Hanoi, her elder brother Xian, and the evil wolf, so they made a trip to the bamboo forest. Seven sages of bamboo forest? Yes ? Southern Dynasties and Song Dynasty, Liu Yiqing's Shi Shuo Xin Yu? Ren Dan said they? Ruan Ji, Ji Kang and Hanoi are comparable in age, but Ji Kang is younger than others. Pre-signatories: Guo Pei Liu Ling, Liu Chen Ruan Xian, Xiang Xiu, Hanoi. Evil Wang Rong. Seven people often gather under the bamboo forest, and they are hearty and hearty, so they are called the seven sages of the bamboo forest. .

Seven people were representatives of metaphysics at that time, although they had different ideological tendencies. Ji Kang, Ruan Ji, Liu Ling and Ruan Xian have always advocated the study of Zhuangzi. The more famous, the more natural? Dan Tao and Wang Rong are all good at Zhuangzi and are integrated with Confucianism, while Xiang embroidery advocates the integration of Taoism and nature. They live an informal life, quietism, and gather in the bamboo forest to drink and sing. The work exposes and satirizes the hypocrisy of Sima court.

There are obvious differences in political attitudes. Ji Kang, Ruan Ji and Liu Ling. They are officials of Wei, but they don't cooperate with Sima Group, which is in power and has become a substitute. After Ji Kang was killed, Xiang Xiu was forced to become an official. Ruan Xian worked as an assistant minister in the Jin Dynasty, but he was not valued by Sima Yan. Dan Tao at first? Invisible self-defeating? But after the age of 40, he became an official and took refuge in Sima Shi. He served as minister, assistant, Si Tuleideng and other official positions. And became a senior official of Sima Shi's regime. Wang Rong is stingy, rich and famous. After entering Jin, he served as assistant minister, official department minister and Si Tuleideng for a long time. He was an official during the reign of Emperor Wu of Jin and Emperor Hui of Jin. In the Eight Kings Rebellion, he still enjoyed leisure and did not lose his position, but at that time it was a helpless move to preserve our sanity.

The uncooperative attitude of the seven sages in the bamboo forest was not tolerated by Sima's court, and finally fell apart: Ruan Ji, Liu Ling and Ji Kang did not cooperate with Sima's court, Ji Kang was killed, and Ruan Ji pretended to be crazy to avoid the world. Wang Rong and Dan Tao took refuge in Sima Chaoting, and the Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest finally scattered things.

The origin of the name of the seven sages of bamboo forest is quite controversial in academic circles. In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Wei's "Spring and Autumn" rhyme: (Ji) Kang lived in Shanyang County, Hanoi (now east of Jiaozuo City, Henan Province), traveled with him, and never saw his joy. He swam among the bamboo forests with Ruan Ji, Hanoi, Xiang Xiu Hanoi, his disciples Xian, Lang Xie, Pei Lingxiang and their friends, and was called the Seven Sages. ? It is generally believed? Seven sages of bamboo forest? Name and? Gather under the bamboo forest? About the trip to bamboo forest.

Tradition? Bamboo grove? Located near Ji Kang's apartment in Yang Shan. Ji Kang and his friends Dan Tao, Ruan Ji and the other four of the Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest often drink and get together, so people call it? Seven sages of bamboo forest? . This statement can be found in the book of Jin? Ji Kangchuan and Shi Shuo Xin Yu? Ren Birthday: Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest.

Chen Yinque thinks? Seven sages of bamboo forest? The venue is actually not producing? Bamboo grove? Seven sages of bamboo forest come first? Seven sages? And then what? Bamboo grove? Seven sages from The Analects? Seven authors? The number of things means showing off. ? Bamboo grove? The word originated in the late Western Jin Dynasty, when Buddhist monks and nuns were more popular than those attached to Neijing and foreign books. Bamboo grove? The name (Vlenuvena) was added to the seven sages, right? Seven sages of bamboo forest? .

Disagree with Chen's view. From the Han and Jin Buddhist scriptures? Bamboo grove? Does this frequency of translation question Chen's suggestion? Tuotian bamboo forest? On the one hand, combined with the field investigation of historical materials, it is found that there were indeed plants in the Yellow River Basin during the Wei and Jin Dynasties. Bamboo grove? Later, the possibility of gathering the seven sages of bamboo forest was demonstrated from the time and place, so the traditional statement was correct. Seven sages of bamboo forest? The record of celebrity birth is true.

character introduction

Ji kang

Ji Kang (223-262) was a famous writer, thinker and musician in the Three Kingdoms Wei period. Word uncle night. Qiao Guozhi (now southwest of Suzhou City, Anhui Province) was born. Ji Kang is the son-in-law of the Wei imperial clan. He used to be a doctor of Zhongsan, and he was known as Jizhongsan in the world.

Advocating Laozi and Zhuangzi, stressing the way of keeping in good health and eating, and writing On Keeping in Good Health. As famous as Ruan Ji, for? Seven sages of bamboo forest? One. Wei's Spring and Autumn Annals: (Ji Kang) made friends with Ruan Ji, Hanoi, Xiang Xiu, Zi Xian, Lang Xie and Pei Lingxiang in the bamboo forest, which was called the Seven Sages. ? His friend Dan Tao (Ju Yuan) later took refuge in Sima's position as a senior official and suggested that he go out to be an official. He then wrote a letter "Breaking up with Shan Juyuan" and refused. Because? Not Tang Wu but skinny Kong Zhou? He was dissatisfied with Sima Group, which was in power at that time. He was framed by Zhong Hui and killed by Si Mazhao.

Ji Kang is politically and ideologically? Take care of Zhuangzi? , exclusive? Six classics? , emphasizing the opposition between religion and nature in Ming dynasty, and advocating breaking the bondage of etiquette and law. His philosophy is based on the materialistic view of nature and adheres to the simple materialistic epistemology. He thinks? What is the vitality of Taoism and the nature of all beings? What is certain is that everything is born of vitality. Put forward? The more famous, the more natural? Said. Ji Kang was smart and studious since childhood. Its words? New ideas are often opposed to old ideas? Lu Xun's demeanor and articles in Wei and Jin Dynasties and the relationship between medicine and wine. Breaking up with Shan Juyuan and Learning from Nature are his representative works. Poetry is longer than four words, with a clear expression; Complaining about poetry, giving scholars to join the army, is famous far and near. The theory of sound without sorrow and music thinks that the same music can arouse different feelings, and asserts that music itself has no distinction between sorrow and music, but its purpose is to deny the educational thought of etiquette and music promoted by the rulers at that time. He is good at guqin, famous for playing Guangling San, and once wrote Fu Qin, giving a detailed and vivid description of the playing method and expressive force of guqin. Mr. Lu Xun has collected and proofread his works many times.

Ruan Ji

Ruan Ji (2 10 ~ 263) was a poet and heir of the Wei Dynasty in the Three Kingdoms. Chen Liuwei (now Kaifeng, Henan) was born. He is the son of Ruan Yu, one of the seven sons of Jian 'an.

Ruan Ji has the ambition to help the world politically. At that time, Cao Cao in Ming Di was dead, and Cao Shuang and Sima Yi assisted Cao Fang. The two men are intrigued and the political situation is very sinister. Cao Shuang once called Ruan Ji to join the army, but he resigned due to illness.

Ten years ago (249), Cao Shuang was killed by Sima Yi, who was in charge of state affairs. Sima killed dissidents, and many people were implicated. Ruan Ji was politically inclined to the royal family of Cao Wei and was dissatisfied with Sima Group, but at the same time he felt that there was no reason in the world, so he adopted an attitude of not causing trouble and preserving his sanity, or studying behind closed doors, climbing mountains near the water, getting drunk, or keeping his mouth shut.

But in some cases, Ruan Ji was forced by Sima's arrogance and had to perfunctory. He accepted the official position granted by Sima, worked as the lieutenant of Sima and his son, and worked as a regular rider and infantry captain, so people later called it? Ruan infantry? . He was also forced to write for Si Mazhao, calling himself Gong Jin and Jiuxi? Convince Jin Wen? . Therefore, Sima adopted a tolerant attitude towards him, and did not pursue all kinds of madness and etiquette violations, and finally died.

Ruan Ji's works include 6 poems, 9 essays and more than 90 poems. Ruan Ji's poems represent his major literary achievements. His main works are 82 five-character poems. Ruan Ji's works, Sui Shu? Records of Jing Ji Zhi 13. The original series has been lost. However, his works have not been lost much. Take poetry as an example. Jin Shu? Ruan Ji legends him? Have you written more than 80 poems about breasts? It seems to have been handed down. In the Ming Dynasty, there were many versions. Zhang Pu's Ruan Infantry Collection was included in the books of 33 famous scholars in the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties/KLOC-0. The Collection of Ruan Ji was edited and published by Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House on 1978. People's Literature Publishing House 1957 published Ruan Infantry's Poems on Huai River with annotations.

Shan Tao

Dan Tao (205? 283), the word poly yuan. A native of Huai County, Hanoi (now Wuzhi West, Henan Province). Celebrities and politicians in the Western Jin Dynasty? Seven sages of bamboo forest? One. Dan Tao is the oldest of the seven sages of bamboo forest. He joined the bamboo forest celebrity because of his personal charm. Wang Rong, who is also the Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest, commented on him:? Such as jade and gold, everyone respects their treasures and is not known by their tools. ? In other words, he gives a deep impression of quality. Gorgeous was one of the manners of celebrities at that time. Although Dan Tao has deep feelings with Ji Kang and Ruan Ji, their interests are actually different, which can be illustrated by his example of Ji Kang dying and the fact that Ji Kang broke up with him. He embarked on another road to being an official.

Dan Tao is a man of great insight. He approached power cautiously. At the critical moment of the power struggle between Cao Shi and Sima, I saw that the incident was about to happen. So you are invisible and don't pay for the world? . Before that, he was an official in Cao Shuang, and Cao Shuang would be defeated, so he abdicated to avoid suspicion. But when the overall situation has been set and the power situation of Sima has been formed, he came out. Dan Tao and Sima Shi are in-laws, and he went to see Sima Shi by virtue of this relationship. Master Sima knew his intentions and ambitions and said to him, "Does Lv Wang want to be an official? So? Life division transferred to a captain, in addition to lang Chinese and foreign, turn a title of generals in ancient times general Wang Chang engaged in card shark. After a long time, I worshipped Zhao Xiang and moved to the official department. ? Of course, I started as a small official. When it comes to being an official of Shangshu, my career will be smooth sailing.

Ji Kang once wrote a "Dear John", so later generations despised Dan Tao very much. Although Dan Tao is not as straightforward and eager as Ji Kang, he just doesn't violate the custom. For example, he also drinks, but there is a certain limit until eight fights, which is different from other people's binge drinking. Dan Tao lived frugally and was highly praised by time theory. Twenty years after Ji Kang was killed, he recommended Ji Kang's son Ji Shao as his secretary. He told Ji Shao. I have missed you for a long time. At four o'clock in the world, there is still news, but the situation is terrible! ? It can be seen that he has not forgotten his old friends for twenty years.

As for his refuge in Sima's house, it seems beyond reproach. Because the purpose of scholars seeking knowledge is? Practical use? , they must also have the so-called? Realize your own value? problem But they have so little land of pure knowledge, except astronomy and calendars, almost all other technologies are? Medical astrology? 、? Baigong? Basic industries. Law, economy and management are also mostly the patents of small officials. Piano, chess, calligraphy and painting are just hobbies for most people, and what they can do is to study and be an official. In a society where imperial power monopolizes everything, it goes without saying that those who have only one skill are the best in the world. Goods and royalty? Besides, not many people can show their skills.

Xiang Xiu

Xiang embroidery (about 227 -272) was a writer in Wei and Jin Dynasties. One of the Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest. A native of Huai County, Hanoi (now southwest of Wuzhi, Henan). Shao. Make friends with Ji Kang and others. Xiang embroidery can't live in seclusion. After Ji Kang was killed in Jingyuan four years (263), he had to apply to Luoyang under the pressure of Sima. At this time, I wrote "Thinking of Lao Fu". Later, he rode as an assistant minister and turned to Huangmen to ride as a constant waiter. Zhuangzi's Learning of Xiang Embroidery. At that time, the book Zhuangzi was quite popular, but the old note? Can't we pursue its purpose? Xiang Xiu wrote "Zhuangzi Yinjie" to explain Hyunri, which had a great influence and promoted the prevalence of metaphysics. However, Xiang embroidery did not finish writing Autumn Water and Happiness. Later, on the basis of Zhuangzi Yinjie, Guo Xiang completed the annotations of Qiushui and Zhile, and then put them into play, which became the annotation of Zhuangzi seen today.

Liu Ling

Liu Ling was born in Bolun (about 22 1 -300), Guo Pei (now Suxian County, Anhui Province). One of the Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest. At the end of Wei, he joined the army for Jianwei. At the beginning of Jin Wudi's reign, he called for countermeasures and emphasized inaction, so he was exempted. He opposed Sima's dark rule and hypocritical ethics. In order to avoid political persecution, he became addicted to alcohol and pretended to be crazy. Once a guest came to visit, he was naked. When the guest asked him, he said, I take heaven and earth as my home and my room as my clothes. Why did you get into my pants? His bohemian behavior shows a denial of moral standards. There is only one article, ode to wine virtue.

Wang Rong

Wang Rong (234─305) was born in Linyi (now Shandong). Minister of the Western Jin Dynasty, one of the seven sages of bamboo forest. Young and enlightened, bright and beautiful. Good at talking, with Ruan Ji and Ji Kang. A trip to the bamboo forest, let it taste, and then arrive, so it is disappointing that the vulgar has returned. ? He is the youngest and most vulgar of the seven sages. During the reign of Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty, he successively served as Huang Menlang, Chang Shi, Hedong Taishou, Jingzhou Secretariat, and entered Anfeng County. Later, he moved to Guangluxun and Shangshu in the official department. Hui Di, an official of Stuart. I am obsessed with fame and fortune and have nothing to say about it. Sex is extremely greedy and stingy, and the countryside is all over the States, without accumulation. Every time I gnash my teeth and count day and night, if it is insufficient. The Rong family has good plums and often sells them, but they are afraid of others' planting and often sell them, so they are ridiculed by the world.

Ruanxian

Ruan xian, the word Rong,? Seven sages of bamboo forest? One of them, Ruan Ji's nephew and an uncle, are called people? The big one and the small one? . He rode an assistant minister through the official calendar to supplement the magistrate. Dan Tao thinks he is? Chastity without desire, deep knowledge and turbidity, everything can't move. If you were an official, would you die? (See Biography of the Book of Jin) But Emperor Wu of Jin thought he was too drunk, so he used it.

Like Ruan Ji, he let go of his birthday and was wild. He had a close relationship with his aunt's Xianbei handmaid in private. When her mother died, she should have returned to China, but Ruan Xian asked her to leave. My aunt thought that it was not ethical. He left with the maid, and Ruan Xian borrowed a donkey to ride after him, and finally got her back, and gave birth to a son named Ruan Fu, which was laughed at by the world.

So he doesn't have many friends, only making friends with relatives and friends, drinking and listening to songs. Once, his relatives and friends were drinking together, and he also came to participate. He didn't drink from a glass, but from a big bowl and got drunk. During the dinner, some people laughed at him for being greedy like a pig, and Ruan Xian also drank with the pig. He is really happy to play the piano while drinking. So what? Have a drink with me? Pass it on as a joke.

Ruan Xianmiao became a famous musician at that time because of his understanding of temperament and playing pipa. Is there an ancient pipa that can be used immediately? Ruan xian? For the name. He once discussed temperament with Xun Xu, who thought he was far less than Ruan Xian and was extremely jealous. As a result, Ruan Xian was demoted to the northern magistrate. Ruan Xian's book Fa has been handed down from generation to generation. See Shi Shuo Xin Yu? Surgical solution.