What does Song Lian mean in The Preface to Send Ma Sheng to Yang?

Song Lian (1310-1381), also known as a writer in Song Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty, was also known as Xuanzhenzi, Xuanzhendao and Xuanzhendun. Pujiang, Zhejiang (now Yiwu, Zhejiang) was a famous writer in the early Ming Dynasty. He was born in a poor family, but he was eager to learn since he was a child. He was hired by Wu Lai and Liu Zhi, masters of ancient Chinese prose at the end of Yuan Dynasty. He studied hard all his life. "From childhood to old age, he never went to school for a day and learned everything." At the end of Yuan Dynasty, Yuan Shundi asked him to organize and edit imperial academy. He resigned and wrote a book on the grounds of supporting his parents.

In the 20th year (1360), Zheng Zheng was hired by Zhu Yuanzhang together with Liu Ji, Zhang Yi and Ye Chen, and was honored as the teacher of the Five Classics. Hong majored in Yuan history, and the official to the bachelor accepted the imperial edict. Later, due to Hu's case, he died in Maozhou. There are The Complete Works of Song Dynasty, The New Filial Piety, etc.

In the early Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang proclaimed himself emperor, and Song Lian became a Confucian teacher in Jiangnan, giving lectures to the Prince. In the second year of Hongwu (1369), he was ordered to major in Yuan history. Tired officials went to the academician courtyard to start a business, knowing the patent. Hongwu ten years (1377), resigned and returned home. Later, because the eldest grandson was involved in the Hu Dang case, the whole family was exiled to Maozhou (now Sichuan Qiang Autonomous County) and died on the way in Kuizhou (now fengjie county, Chongqing).

In the history of ancient literature in China, Song Lian, Liu Ji and Gao Qi were called the great poets in the third day of Ming Dynasty. He took it as his duty to inherit the feudal Confucian orthodoxy, and advocated "learning from the classics" and "learning from the ancients" of the characters and learning from the Tang and Song Dynasties. His works are very rich. His works, represented by biographical sketches and narrative essays, are concise, elegant and graceful, with their own characteristics. When the Ming Dynasty was founded, most of the imperial rites and music systems were formulated by Song Lian. Zhu Yuanzhang called him "the first civil servant in the founding of the People's Republic of China", Liu Ji praised him as "the first article today" and scholars from all directions called him "Tai Shigong". Author of Selected Works of Song Shi Xue.

Song Lian is "the head of the founding civil servants". He insisted that Ming Dow's prose should seek truth from facts, draw lessons from classics, emphasize "expressing one's will", pay attention to "changing things" and demand "feeling things with things", so his prose is rich in content and has certain artistic skills.

In the next generation, Song Lian is the first person to open a private library.

Song Lian's collection of books began as a teenager. At that time, he moved to Pujiang because of the war at the end of Yuan Dynasty, and built a room to study in Luo Qing Mountain, because its building was named "Luo Qing Mountain House". After the mutiny, the official books were seriously damaged, and Song Lian was able to keep the book city because of his seclusion in the mountains. Qi Ming Han Cheng's "Red Book Collection of Lianshengtang" said: "After the country broke the fire and died, Song Wenxian publicly studied in Luoqingshan, and has collected thousands of books." The Preface to the Complete Works of Song Wenxian, the second volume of the Collected Works of Fengxitang in the Qing Dynasty, said that Song Lian "began to sneak into Pujiang, gained his book wealth, and pushed Song Lian first". [1] Addiction: special hobby.

[2] No way: No way.

[3] writing a book: get a book, here refers to buying books.

[4] borrow: borrow. "Fake" also means borrowing.

[5] Fu's laziness: that is, Fu is lazy, does not slack off, and does not relax when copying books. "Zhi" is the object of "laziness" and refers to "recording".

[6] Go: Run.

[7] overdue: beyond the agreed time limit.

[8] Coronation: In ancient times, when a man was twenty years old, he was crowned (wearing a hat) to show his manhood. This means twenty years old.

[9] Suffering from: worry and anxiety.

[10] Master: A knowledgeable teacher. Shuo, Da.

[1 1] taste: once.

[12] trend: running towards.

[13] Xianda: a moral and learned elder.

[14] Inquiry: Ask for advice. Knock on the door and ask.

Delong Wang Zun: Noble morality and prestige.

The disciples crowded his room: the students crowded his room. Master, apprentice, student. To fill, block. It means crowded here.

[17] Word color: words and faces.

[18] aid doubts: ask questions and ask the truth. Help, leadership and advice. Quality, inquiry

[19] Bend down and slant your ears to ask: Bend down and slant your ears (to show respect and concentration) for advice.

[20] reprimand: reprimand, reprimand.

[2 1] To: Deliberate.

[22] A: This refers to defense.

[23] as long as: wait.

[24] negative basket (qiè) dragging basket (xǐ): lifting the book box and pulling the shoes (indicating that the shoes are worn out).

[25] Poor winter: severe winter.

[26] chapped skin (jūn): The skin is broken due to cold and dryness.

[27] House: This refers to the school house and school.

[28] Branch: Same as "limb".

[29] Yi: a married woman. This refers to the maid.

[30] soup: hot water.

[3 1] Lying off: water and washing. Pass "wash".

[32] Traveling against the trend: staying in a hotel. Travel backwards, hotel.

[33] Smelly capacity: sachet.

[34] Ye Ran: A radiant face.

[35] robes: worn-out clothes. Weaving, old sheep. Open and shabby.

[36] The battle of mouth and body refers to the joy of food and clothing.

[37] imperial academy: imperial academy, located in Beijing, is the highest institution of learning in China.

[38] County Decree: This refers to the imperial court. Shao Lei: Schleswig, that is, the board fee.

[39] Teacher and Doctor: Teacher imperial academy and Dr. imperial academy are both instructors.

[40] Liu Dai: The same generation.

[4 1] Chao: This means going to Beijing to see the emperor after becoming an official.

[42] Write: Same as "write". Long book: long letter. Lu: It was a gift when we first met.

[43] Yi: Peace.

[44] Prosperity of opportunity: That's good to meet. This refers to the official position.

[45] So: So.

[46] Wisdom: Get it.

[Edit this paragraph] Translation

I like reading since I was a child. Because my family is poor and I can't buy books to read, I often borrow books from people who have books, copy them with my own pen, and count the days to return them on schedule. When the weather is particularly cold, the ink in the inkstone pool forms solid ice, and the fingers can't bend and straighten, and they dare not relax (copy books). Return the book as soon as possible after copying, and dare not exceed the agreed time limit slightly. Because of this, many people are willing to lend me books, so I can see all kinds of books. As an adult, I admire the theory of ancient sages even more. Later, I was worried that I didn't associate with masters and celebrities. Once I went hundreds of miles away and asked for advice from the local moral and learned predecessors with scriptures. The elder is highly respected, and his room is full of students who ask him for advice, but he never softens his words and expressions. I stood by and waited, asking questions, asking truth, bending over and asking with my ears sideways; Sometimes when he scolds me, my expression is more obedient, my behavior is more considerate, and I dare not say a word; He was happy and went to consult again. So although I am stupid, I can finally gain something.

When I was a teacher studying, I carried a book box and dragged my shoes in the old valley in the mountains. In the deep winter, there was a fierce cold wind, and the snow was several feet thick, and the skin on my feet was frozen and cracked. When I arrived at the hostel, my limbs were stiff and I couldn't move. The waiter brought me hot water to wash my hands and warm my feet, and covered me with the quilt. I spent a long time warming up. I live in a hotel, and the host only provides two meals a day, so there is nothing fresh and fat to enjoy. My classmates who live with me are all dressed in gorgeous clothes, wearing red tassels and hats decorated with precious stones, wearing rings made of white jade, with knives on the left and sachets on the right, all shining like immortals; I live among them in rags, but I don't envy them, because I have enough happiness in my heart and I don't feel inferior to others. This is probably the case with my diligence and hard work when I was studying. Although I am old now, I have achieved nothing, but fortunately, I am still among the gentlemen, bearing the honor of the son of heaven, following the emperor every day, waiting for inquiries, and praising my name inappropriately under the sun, not to mention anyone who can surpass me.

Now these students are studying in imperial academy, the government provides meals every day, and parents issue winter clothes and summer clothes every year, so there is no need to worry about freezing and hunger. Sitting under a big and spacious house reading "poems" and "books", there is no fatigue of running around; Some teachers and doctors don't ask themselves, and they can't get knowledge; All the books should be concentrated here, so that I don't have to copy them myself as before, and I can borrow them from others first. (If) they are (still) poor in studies and (still) lacking in virtue, (then) it is not that (he) is low in nature, but that (he) is not single-minded with me. Is it someone else's fault?

Dongyang Ma studied in imperial academy for two years, and his peers were full of praise for his talents. When I went to the capital to see the emperor, Ma Sheng greeted me as a younger compatriot and wrote a long letter as a gift. He is fluent and approachable, arguing with him, gentle in speech and modest in attitude. He himself said that he was very diligent and hard-working when he was a teenager, and he can be called a good learner! He was going home to meet his parents, and I specifically told him about the difficulty of studying. If I encourage fellow villagers to study hard, that is my ambition; If you denigrate me, brag about my experience and be proud in front of my fellow villagers, do you know me?