Common sense questions about expository and argumentative essays?

1. The three elements of an argumentative essay: argument. Argument. Argument.

2. Argumentation method: logical argumentation. Example argumentation. Comparative argumentation. Quotation argumentation. Metaphorical argumentation.

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3. Argumentation methods: argumentation and refutation. (Argumentative essays can be divided into two categories: argumentative essays and refutation essays based on this standard.)

4. Common question types and answering techniques. < /p>

1. Analyze the role of the argumentation method: there are two key points. The details are as follows:

①. Demonstration with examples: Demonstrate by citing specific examples. This makes the argument more concrete and more effective. Persuasiveness.

Format: Use the argumentation method of examples. Give - (summarize examples) to prove - (if there are sub-arguments. Write the sub-arguments it proves. Otherwise, write the central argument. ). So as to make the argument more concrete and convincing.

②. Logical argument: prove the argument in a reasonable way. Make the argument more general and in-depth.

Format: Used The argumentation method of logical argumentation proves the point of view, thereby making the argument more general and in-depth.

③. Metaphorical argumentation: Prove through metaphors. Make the argument vivid and easy to understand.

Format: Use the argumentation method of metaphorical argument. Compare -- to --. Prove the point of --. Thus, the abstract and profound truth is explained vividly and easily understandable.

④. Comparative argument: The function of contrastive argument is to highlight.

Format: The argument method of contrastive argument is used. Compare - and - to highlight the point of -.

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⑤. Quotation argument: Quotation argument is more complicated. This is related to the specific citation materials. There are various situations such as quoting famous quotes, aphorisms, authoritative data, anecdotes of famous people, jokes and anecdotes. Its role must be analyzed in detail. For example, quoting famous quotes, aphorisms, and authoritative data can enhance the persuasiveness and authority of the argument. Citing celebrity anecdotes and anecdotes can enhance the interest of the argument and attract readers to read on.

Format : Use the argumentation method of citation argument. Make the argument more convincing by citing - proving - the point of view. (or more interesting. Attract readers to read on)

2. Analyze the argument Type and function: Arguments can be divided into two types: theoretical arguments and factual arguments. There are two key points in answering the question: (1). Clarify the type of argument, (2). Concretely analyze the function. The essence of this question is to examine the relationship between arguments and arguments. .Whether it is the relationship between the central argument and the sub-argument, it is the relationship between proof and being proved. Therefore, the normative answer format is as follows:

This is--argument. It plays the role of proof in the article--( Argument. If there are sub-arguments, write the sub-arguments it proves. Otherwise, write the central argument.)

Supplementary arguments are becoming popular as a new question type. When doing this type of question, pay attention to the following two things Aspects: (1). Look clearly at the type of evidence that is required to be supplemented. That is, clearly see whether it is a famous quote or an example. (2). Pay attention to the word limit when supplementing celebrity examples. Of course, as a candidate for the exam, you can prepare for "diligence" and "conduct". Celebrity examples and famous quotes on common themes. The number of words in the famous quotes should be small. The things should be familiar. Do not prepare longer quotes or unfamiliar celebrity examples just for the sake of novelty.

3. The way the article presents the central argument :

①. The title of the article points out the central argument,

②. The central argument is presented at the beginning of the article,

③. The central argument is summarized at the end of the article,

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④. Use a sentence in the middle of the article to put forward the central argument.

⑤. The article does not directly put forward the central argument. But it always revolves around -- to develop the discussion.

4. Analyze the argumentation ideas of the article

First of all, you should understand the structure of a general argumentative essay: raising a question (introduction) - analyzing the problem (thesis) - solving the problem (conclusion).

< p>Analyze the argumentative thinking of the argumentative essay. In fact, it is to add some words such as "first". Title. Pay special attention to the statements at the beginning and end.

The content at the beginning includes:

(1). Put forward the central argument, (2). Lead to the topic. The above two aspects are important. Concretely answer the test with specific ways to put forward the central argument or introduce the topic. Some

It is through famous quotes. Some are through celebrity anecdotes. Some are through anecdotes and jokes.

Conclusion at the end:

(1). Deepen the central argument. Propose the conclusion of --, < /p>

(2). Repeat or strengthen the central argument of --,

(3). Issue a call for -- or encourage people to --,

(4 ).Supplementary argument--(Sometimes the role of this aspect is examined. Its role is to make the argument more rigorous.)

To do this topic is to make the introduction, main thesis, and conclusion of the article concrete. For example, in the article "The nobility of man lies in the soul", we can express it like this: First, quote the famous saying of the French thinker Pascal "Man is a reed with thoughts" to put forward the central argument "The nobility of man lies in the soul". Then give the example of Aki Meade and Wilde's case proves that "treasure inner spiritual wealth more than external material wealth". Finally, taking a girl studying on the train as an example to advise people that "people should maintain pure spiritual pursuits".

5. Analysis of language characteristics of argumentative essays:

The angle of analysis of language characteristics of argumentative essays is relatively fixed. There are only two angles: (1) language characteristics, (2) style characteristics. Do this type of analysis For the topic, you need to master some key words of language style: concise and plain, vivid images, humorous, subtle and euphemistic, rich in literary talent, etc.). As for the characteristics of the language style, just focus on the following four words: strict logic and strict logic. One should pay special attention to The important thing is that this kind of questions must be supported by specific sentences. That is, use specific examples in the article as examples for analysis.

6. Analysis of the characteristics of argumentative essay writing

Argumentation There are many angles to analyze the characteristics of writing, such as rhetorical techniques, argumentation methods, writing techniques, etc.

(1). Rhetoric: such as metaphor. It can be discussed in combination with the characteristics of metaphor. That is, vivid images, such as parallelism, and enhancement. Increase the momentum of the article's argumentation, such as quoting ancient poems, making the article rich in literary talent, etc.

(2). Argumentation method: talk about the role of reference argumentation method.

(3). Writing The techniques are relatively fixed. The common ones are: (1). Combining examples and arguments with theoretical arguments (narratives and arguments), (2). Mainly using argumentation methods. Likewise, for this type of questions, you must have specific sentences. Support. That is, use specific examples in the article as examples for analysis.

7. The role of paragraph structure:

(1). Lead to the (full) following, (2). Summarize the previous (full) text, (3) connect the previous and the following.

As an argumentative paragraph, specific answers must be added based on the stylistic characteristics.

For example, the opening paragraph often plays the role of introducing the center Argument (thesis). Then, we can refer to the following two examples of specific answer standard formats to use or adapt them:

①. At the beginning, use the example of writing - to put forward the central argument - (or lead to --'s topic).

②. Begin by quoting famous quotes. Put forward the central argument -- (or lead to --'s topic).

③ Begin by citing interesting anecdotes of famous people (or- -'s anecdotes). It puts forward the central argument--(or leads to the topic of--). It also plays a role in attracting readers to read further. It enhances the interest of the discussion.

The role of the concluding paragraph. Please Refer to 4: [Answer to the content at the end.

Expository text reading knowledge and skills

1. Classification

1. From the perspective of the object of explanation: expository text of things .Factological expository text.

2. From the language characteristics of expository text: plain expository text. Vivid expository text.

2. The order of explanation

Time order. Space Sequence. Logical sequence

Specific analysis of logical sequence: primary--secondary. Cause--result. Phenomenon--essence. Characteristic--purpose. General--individual. Generalization--specific. Overall-- Partial.

Typical test questions: What order of explanation is used in this article? What is its function?

Answer format: The order of explanation used in this article is used to explain the explanation to make the explanation more organized. (The first blank should be filled with the specific order of explanation. The second blank should be filled with the specific names of things or the explained reasons. If it is a descriptive explanatory text, but it cannot be expressed accurately, you can use vague words such as "facts", "scientific principles" etc. Language expression.)

3. Methods of explanation

1. Common

The explanation methods include: giving examples, classifying, defining, describing descriptions, making explanations, making analogies, listing numbers, making charts, citing explanations.

2. The role of common explanation methods:

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①. Give examples: explain the characteristics/reasons of things by giving specific examples, so as to make the explanation more specific and convincing.

②. Classify: classify things Characteristics/facts are divided into categories to explain to make the explanation more organized.

③. Make comparisons: compare and to highlight the characteristics/matters of things.

④. Make comparisons Interpretation: Give a specific explanation of the characteristics/reasons of things to make the explanation more understandable.

⑤. Metaphor: Compare to, thus vividly explaining the characteristics/reasons of things. < /p>

⑥. Copy appearance: describe the characteristics/facts of things vividly to make the explanation more concrete and vivid.

⑦. Definition: use concise and scientific language to explain To reveal the objects/scientific reasons, thereby revealing the characteristics/reasons of things more scientifically, more essentially, and more generally.

⑧. List numbers: Use specific data to explain the characteristics/reasons of things. Make the explanation more accurate and convincing.

⑨. Column chart: Use the column chart to explain the characteristics/matter of things. Make the explanation more concise and intuitive.

⑩ .Citation instructions: Citation instructions have the following forms--

A. Citing specific examples, (the function is the same as examples)

B. Citing specific data, (the functions are the same) Numbers)

C. Quote famous quotes, mottos, and proverbs to make the explanation more convincing.

D. Quote myths and legends, news reports, riddles, anecdotes, etc. The function is to enhance the interest of the explanation.

(The quotation is at the beginning of the article. It also serves to introduce the object of explanation.)

4. Language analysis of expository essays

1. Analysis of the language of the entire article. Generally speaking, it is discussed from two perspectives: A. Accurate, B. Vivid or concise.

A is the most common characteristic of general expository writing. .B is from the perspective of different language styles. This is a question that analyzes the language characteristics of the entire article. It must be combined with the specific content of the article. For example, you can choose one sentence as an example.

The format is as follows: This This article fully embodies the characteristics of accurate/vivid/concise and plain language. For example, [--" sentence. It accurately/vividly/concisely explains the characteristics/reasons of things [--".

2. Evaluation of specific articles/sentences/words

The functions of articles/sentences are basically the same as above.

The functions of words have the following test forms:

A .What is the function of the added words? B. Can it be replaced by another word? C. Can the added words be deleted?

This kind of question often needs to be combined with the accuracy of the explanation of the language (sometimes it reflects the language The second type of question also requires comparing the difference between the two in the answer. The third type of question also needs to add [after deletion, it does not conform to the laws of people's understanding of objective things or does not conform to the objective facts. " and other expressions.

5. Analysis of expository writing

1. Combining explanatory methods

Model: This article mainly uses the explanation of -- Method. Explain--(Content: Characteristics or reasons of things). Make explanation--(Function: Refer to the previous description of the method to clarify its function)

2. Combined with rhetorical techniques

Mode: This is a vivid expository essay. It uses a large number of rhetorical techniques to explain - (content). It makes the explanatory image of the article vivid.

3. Talk in combination with expressions

Narrative. Description makes the explanation more concrete and vivid, and lyrical discussion makes the explanation more emotional. Then, analyze the writing method of expository essay from this perspective. The format is as follows: This article uses a variety of expression methods. In addition to explanation, there are also --(Choose from [narrative, description, explanation, discussion" according to the content). Such as --(specific examples). It is the use of --(expression) to make the explanation more concrete and vivid/full of emotion.

< p>6. The function of the explanatory paragraph

There are three angles to answer this question:

(1). Structure. Content function: lead to the following, connect the previous and the following, and summarize the full text/previous text. sometimes

At the beginning of the article, it also plays the role of introducing the explanation object/explaining the matter.

(2). Talk about it in combination with the explanation method.

Through the explanation method of --, it explains- -(Characteristics or reasons of things). To explain--(Function).

Narrative reading knowledge and skills

1. Article genre? This article is: poetry. Novel. Prose (lyrical prose, narrative prose). Script. Expository essay. Argumentative essay

2. Six elements of narrative? Time. Place. Character. Cause of event. Process. Result

3. Find Topic sentence? Find the argumentative and lyrical sentence in the first or last paragraph.

4. Article content (center)?

Method: Look at the title, characters (things), events, and synthesize .Summary.

Format: This article narrates (describes. explains) --. expresses (praises. reveals) --.

5. Material organization characteristics ?

Select typical events tightly around the center. Cut them appropriately. Detail them appropriately.

6. Divide into levels?

(1) Divide by time (find Phrases that express time)

(2) Divide by location (find phrases that indicate location)

(3) According to the development process of things (find individual events)

(4) Total score (tick off the beginning and end)

7. Narrative clues and functions?

Clues: (1) Core characters (2) Core things (3) Core Event (4) Time (5) Place (6) Author's emotion

Function: It is the thread that runs through the whole text. It organically connects the characters and events in the text together, making the article clear and organized.

8. Come up with a title for the article.

Find the clue or center of the article (1) Core characters (2) Core things (3) Core events (6) Author's emotions

9. Fill in the reading card.

Go to the original text and fill it in according to various requirements. Pay attention to the title, author, publisher, etc. of the original text (sometimes in brackets).

10. Narrative order and function?

(1) Sequential narration (in the order of things developing)

Function: The narrative has a beginning and an end. It is clearly organized. It reads clearly and leaves an impression. Profound.

(2) Flashback (write the results first, then explain what happened before.)

Function: Create suspense. Attract readers. Avoid the monotony of the narrative. Enhance the content of the article. Vividness.

(3) Narrative (interrupt clues during narration and insert another related thing.)

Function: supplement the plot, set off, enrich the image, highlight Center.

11. Language characteristics?

Choose from the following sentences based on context and rhetorical methods:

Vivid image. Fresh and beautiful. Concise and concise. Accurate. Rigorous. Insightful and profound. Easy to understand. Harmonious phonology. Strong sense of rhythm.

Note: Analysis must be combined with specific sentences.

12. Writing techniques and functions?

< p>(1) Personification technique

Function: to give things human character, thoughts, feelings and actions, to personify the things, so as to achieve a vivid effect.

(2) Metaphorical techniques

Function: vivid images, concise and concise description of things, and explanation of principles.

(3) Exaggeration

Function: highlighting the characteristics of people or things .Reveal the essence. Give readers a clear and strong impression.

(4) Symbolism

Function: place a specific meaning on the things described. Express - The emotion enhances the expressiveness of the article.

(5) Contrast technique

Function: Through comparison, it highlights the characteristics of things and better expresses the theme of the article.

(6) Set off (side contrast) technique

Function: Use secondary people or things to set off the main people or things. Highlight the characteristics, character, thoughts, and feelings of the main people or things. Etc.

(7) Satire

Function: Use metaphors, exaggeration and other means and methods to expose, criticize and ridicule people or things. Enhance profundity and criticality. The language is pungent and humorous.

(8) Yu Yang

Suppress first

Function: first belittle and then vigorously praise the object being described. The context forms a contrast and highlights the object being written. It has an unexpected and touching effect.

(9) Pre- and post-reflection (Echoing from beginning to end)

Function: to make the plot complete, rigorous in structure, and prominent in the center.

(10) Set up suspense

Function: to attract readers’ attention and thinking . Arouse readers' interest in reading. Make the plot of the article twists and turns

13. Rhetorical methods and functions

(1) Metaphor: vivid image. Describe things concisely and concisely. Explain the truth. < /p>

(2) Personification: endow things with human character, thoughts, feelings and actions. Personalize the things to achieve a vivid effect.

(3) Exaggeration: highlight features. Reveal the essence. Give readers a clear and strong impression.

(4) Parallel: Clear organization, distinct rhythm. Enhance the momentum of speech. Good at lyricism.

(5) Antithesis: Form Neat and harmonious. Set off each other. Complement each other.

(6) Repeat: Emphasize a certain meaning. Strongly lyrical. Full of appeal.

(7) Question: Ask yourself Self-answer. Attract attention. Inspire thinking.

(8) Rhetorical question: Have a clear attitude. Strengthen the tone. Strong lyricism. Note: It must be analyzed in conjunction with related sentences.

14. Specific words What is the meaning and function of?

Method: Connect the original meaning of the word. Explain the meaning in the text (extended meaning, metaphorical meaning, pun meaning). Find out the specific content it refers to (make the unclear clear, Restore metaphors and symbols).

Format: [××" originally refers to --. Here it refers to --. It plays the role of --.

15. Sentence meaning ?

Grab the keyword, analyze its characteristics and meaning, and explain it in conjunction with the context. (Same method as above)

16. What is the role of the sentence in structure?

< p>(1) Continue the above (2) Open the following. Lead the following (lead to the following) (3) Connect the previous and the following (transition) (4) Pave the way for the following. Foreshadowing (5) Respond to the previous (beginning)

17. Expression method?

Narration, discussion, explanation, lyricism, description

18. What is the role of discussion in narratives?

Cause readers to think .Point out the significance of characters or events. Highlight the center. Sublimate the theme. Play the finishing touch.

19. What is the role of lyricism in narratives?

Express the author’s sincere and deep emotions. Arouse readers' emotions and make the article highly appealing.

20. Types and functions of description?

(1) Portrait description (2) Appearance description ( 3) Expression description (4) Action description

(5) Language (dialogue) description (7) Psychological description (8) Scenery description

(9) Scene description (10) Environment Description (11) Detailed description

The functions of scene description: (1) explain the background (2) promote the development of the plot (3) exaggerate the atmosphere (4) highlight the character's personality (5) set off the character's mood

25. Types and functions of environment?

(1) Natural environment

Describe the time and place where the story takes place and the space where the characters move. Set off the mood of the characters.

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(2) Social environment

Explain the social background of the incident. Characteristics of the times. Set off the character's personality. Promote the development of the plot.