Liu Gansan, an ugly Peking Opera actor, was the ugliest person in the world in the late Qing Dynasty. His representative work is Visiting Family.

Personal experience: Liu Gansan (18 17- 1894), born in Tianjin, is an amateur. Baoshan, alias moved up, word rhyme Qing, No.,apartment name "Baoshentang", located in Tan Jia, Xuannan. Because of its high technology, it is often invited by many places. It is common for him to perform in three troupes at the same time. Therefore, it was ridiculed as "catching three." He didn't care, but used "Liu Gansan" as his stage name. People often call it "catching up with the three sons", but in their later years they call it "catching up with the old" or "catching up with the masses".

He studied hard since he was a child. Before he was 20 years old, he was very talented and famous. However, he failed in the exam many times, but he became a professional actor from his love of Peking Opera "Going to the Sea". He first learned from the old students, went to Beijing to attend Yongsheng Kui class, and then entered Sanqing class. He studied art under Hao Lantian, and often performed such old plays as Golden Water Bridge, Playing Golden Branches, Three Mothers Making Love, Sang Huiyuan, Wu Jiapo and Tianshui Guan, and lived in Zhang Erkui. The old man became a clown because he was famous for the forest. After enjoying the fame, each class competed to hire, and once brought classes such as Songzhu, Hechun, Chuntai, Sixi, Shuangkui, Chengqing, Jiuchengcheng, Shengchunkui and Yongsheng Kui. In the twentieth year of Guangxu, he died on the first day of the seventh lunar month at the age of 77.

The ugliest actor in Peking Opera in the late Qing Dynasty was Liu Gansan. Liu Gansan's image of an old woman in the countryside in Visiting Relatives is included in the portrait of "Thirteen Musts of Tongguang" by Shen Rongpu, a painter in Qing Dynasty, and he is tied with the best actors such as Cheng Changgeng, Tan Xinpei, Xu Xiaoxiang, Mei Qiaoling and Hao Lantian, which shows that he was highly respected at that time. He enjoys a high reputation in the theater and was once elected as the head of Jingzhong Temple. He, Huang Sanxiong are the representatives of the first generation of Peking Opera clowns.

Artistic features: His voice is crisp and loud, his pronunciation is clear and clear, his humor is indifferent, his expression is vivid, and he has a high cultural accomplishment. He can write his own lyrics and sing according to the plot, and change the past situation of "repeating and not singing". All the characters are humorous. He often poses on the stage, ridicules the powerful and criticizes the malpractices.

He used his good voice and solid singer skills to change the past trend of clowns not singing, and established his own artistic school of singing and reading at the same time. Liu Nianbai not only has a loud voice, but also is based on the characters in the play. In order not to be stereotyped, he mostly modified the dialogue in the play. For example, in "Please Doctor", he rearranged the long paragraphs of Chinese medicine, making the names of medicines full of ups and downs and humorous. Of course, this is related to his family background of drug dealers and his familiarity with drug names. His richly revised "Seeking a Doctor" has been passed down to today's stage. Liu's facial expressions and characters are excellent works carefully observed and refined in real life. For example, he plays the rural mother who is "visiting relatives", squinting, simple and honest, and welcoming guests kindly. She is an ugly woman who is forced by the environment, pretends to know how to joke a lot, and is very cute. His mother, played by Si Zhicheng, held her head high and used a slightly vigorous catwalk similar to Lao Dan's "Crane Walk" to create a brothel maid with an indecent look and an "old-fashioned" look; Dou Shi, who plays "Pu Qiushan", is outspoken, generous and neat, straightforward and cheerful. She is an old woman who fights whenever she doesn't agree with a word and knows martial arts. Liu portrayed these three different types of ugly women just right.

The most famous male farce in Liu Gansan is Glory and Riches. When Cui Ba retaliated against Cui Hua, it was based on Samadhi, which was very exciting. In this play, there are not only many dancing figures, but also he uses his original "five senses transformation" technique to change his face. When the so-called frown comes to mind, Liu Gansan highlights the wisdom of Cui Ba's revenge against Cui Hua with his "facial displacement" and dancing figure, which is very charming.

Liu's greatest innovation is riding a real donkey on stage in the play "Visiting Relatives". The name of the donkey is "Mo Yu" and "Erxiao". The owner of his donkey was a child named Li Ruming Sol. Because he went to the theater with him every day to watch his performance, he later became a famous actor, that is, Li Jingshan, the clown. His representative works include Doctor Liu, Lian Sheng Store Owner, Cui Ba in Rong Hua Ji, Famen Temple Matchmaker Liu, Under the Puqiu Mountain, Village Mother in Visiting Friends, and Mother in the City of Thinking.

As a representative repertoire, he is not only good at playing Lao Huang's Seeking a Doctor, The Story of Hua Rong, The Hall of Winning in a row, Famen Temple, Chapter 18, Picking Flowers and Picking up Gold (or Picking Up Gold), Wandering Lights for the Blind, Entering Houfu, Going Down to Henan, Greedy News and Greedy News. His role as a country mother in Visiting Relatives is the best.

Most of the main disciples are Danism, such as Wang Shunfu, Zhang Mei V and Zhang Zhifang. The clown is only 100 years old (Luo Shoushan).

The characters rode real donkeys and cursed the royal family on the stage.

His performance "Visiting Family" is very famous in the capital. Every time he rides a real donkey on the stage, it will be packed. This donkey is named "Moyu" because of its black body and white hoofs. Liu Gansan trained it carefully at ordinary times. Once on stage, Mo Yu was fearless, obeyed the command, and the plot was suitable, which greatly surprised the audience. Every time he performs the play, he will watch it, and Liu Gansan is famous for it. Even the hierarchical palace made an exception and allowed him to lead a donkey into the palace. It is said that this donkey died the day after Liu Gansan died.

In fact, Liu Gansan didn't just win by riding a donkey on the stage. He attaches great importance to capital because he is not afraid of * * *, articulate and versatile. He often takes advantage of the professional characteristics of clown actors, grasping the limits and gags on the spot in his performances, and criticizing the powerful and powerful by using topics. Although he was jealous and persecuted by powerful people many times, he never changed. It is said that Empress Dowager Cixi always sits in the hall, while Emperor Guangxu stands aside, just like a servant. Liu Gansan was very unhappy about it. In an 18-chapter performance, he played Kong Huai and pretended to be a minister and emperor, so he added a poem: "Although I am a fake emperor, I can still have a seat. If the real emperor stands every day, how can I sit? " In order to hide people's eyes and ears, Cixi asked Guangxu to sit and watch the play.

On another occasion, Liu Gansan played the game of "calling a doctor" at an official's house. He played a quack Liu, and the person who invited him to see a doctor said to him, "Sir, it's time. Stay alert and don't let the dog bite. " Liu Qisan pointed to the guests under the stage and said, "I knew there were no dogs in this gate, but some of them were running dogs!" The whole audience is empty, and it is inconvenient to attack and helpless. Legend has it that Emperor Tongzhi died of syphilis because of debauchery. He died of smallpox to cover up his scandal. When Liu Gansan was playing "Seeking Medical Treatment", he slapped him impromptu and sarcastically said, "I won't go to Donghuamen, because there is a rich man in that door who has been ill recently. Let me treat him. His illness is syphilis, but I still think it's smallpox. If I take a dose of medicine, I will die! I want to enter Donghuamen again, and people have seen me. Is there still life? " The listener was so scared that his tongue couldn't stretch back. Some people even think he is crazy.

There are many anecdotes about people's evaluation, which shows that Liu Gansan inherited and carried forward the courage, talent and ability of ancient clown actors to satirize the world with drama and admonish people with art. Mr. Ren Erbei, an expert in China's contemporary opera, spoke highly of Liu Gansan: "I am brave, with an iron will and an iron will, and I never know what power is. When it comes to slashing art, there is no room for anyone with a wave of his hand! Its skills are unique, its courage is unprecedented, and it has developed' fearless courage' and' great no man's land' for excellent suggestions. "

Therefore, in memory of Mr. Liu Gansan, the famous actor Yu Xia starred in the TV series "The Ugliest in the World", which is to reproduce Mr. Liu Gansan's Peking Opera performance art.