Classical Chinese River Bank

1. "River Water" Classical Chinese Translation

A temple in the south of Cangzhou is close to the river bank. The gate collapsed in the river, and two stone beasts sank to the bottom of the river together.

After more than ten years, the monk raised money to rebuild the temple and searched for the two stone beasts in the river. In the end, he failed to find them and thought they had flowed down the river. I rocked several small boats and pulled an iron rake, and searched for more than ten miles, but there was no trace.

A lecturer was teaching in the temple. He laughed and said: "You people can't reason about things. This is not a piece of wood. How can it be carried away by the flood? The nature of stone is hard and heavy. , the nature of the sand is loose and light, and the deeper it sinks, the deeper it sinks.

Isn’t it ridiculous to look for them along the river? "Everyone is convinced that it is a correct statement. After hearing this, an old boatman laughed and said: "Whenever stones fall into the river, you should look for them from the upper reaches."

The nature of stones is hard and heavy, and the nature of sand is loose and light. If the stone is not moved, its reaction force will hit the sand in front of the stone to form a pit, and the stone will fall into the pit halfway. p>

With such an impact, the stones are moved again and again, so they go upstream.

It is absurd to look for stones downstream; isn't it even more absurd to look for them in the same place? "According to his words, the stone beast was indeed found a few miles away. So there are many examples of things in the world where we only know one aspect but not the other. Can we make subjective judgments based on one aspect of truth? [Edit this paragraph] Word explanation: ①Cangzhou: Today’s Cangzhou City, Hebei Province.

Lin: close. River: refers to the Yellow River.

Stem: Shore. ②Shanmen: The gate of the temple.

宮：Collapse. ③Read: pass.

Year: year. Yu: Many.

④棹: oar. Here it is used as a verb, to row a boat.

Drag: pull. Palladium: Tong "rake", a farm tool for soil preparation.

⑤Muji: wood chips. ⑥Annihilation: buried. ⑦Dian: upside down, absurd. ⑧River soldier: sailor. ⑨gnaw: bite. Here is the meaning of scouring. Kan Cave: Cave.

⑩Conjecture: Subjective judgment 11: Stop. 2. Translation of the classical Chinese text "Ding Yishi"

Ding Yishi

Original text

There is Ding Yishi in it, who is agile and powerful, and also learns martial arts, and is superb. The art of distance. If it is two to three feet high, it can be easily climbed up; if it is two or three feet wide, it can be easily crossed. I saw him when I was young and wanted to see his skills. As soon as Yu is standing in the hall, if he is facing the front door, then the outside of the front door is facing him; if he is facing the back door, then the outside of the back door is facing him. This is the case for seven or eight degrees. Gai flew over the roof in one leap. After passing through Dulin Town, I met a friend and invited him to drink in a wine shop by the bridge. Drunken and drunken, sex stands on the river bank. A friend asked, "How can we go beyond this?" A man responded by shrugging. The friend sent him back, and the call came again. As soon as they reached the shore, unexpectedly, the shore was already in ruins, with cracks and lines on the steep side near the water. A man who didn't see it stepped on it by mistake, and the bank collapsed about two feet. Then he fell into the river and went downstream. I am not used to water, but I can jump a few feet from the center of the wave and go straight up, but I can't get close to the shore, and I still fall into the water. If you count four like this, your strength will be exhausted and you will drown. Nothing can overcome the world's troubles more than having something to rely on. Those who rely on wealth will eventually be defeated by wealth, those who rely on power will eventually be defeated by power, those who rely on wisdom will eventually be defeated by wisdom, and those who rely on strength will eventually be defeated by strength. If you have something to rely on, you dare to take risks. Songyan, the Marquis of Tian, ??bought a mountain stick in Luanyang and wrote a poem to himself: "The moonlight and flowers accompany me in the morning, and the road is not tilted even when it is flat. If you dare to rely on your carelessness, you will go to the rugged road." The words of true experience are valuable and admired. "Notes of Yuewei Thatched Cottage" Ji Yun (Ji Xiaolan)

Translation

There was a man named Ding Yishi in the village. He was strong, agile and powerful, and was good at fighting and Qinggong. You can easily jump up to a height of two to three feet; you can also easily cross a distance of two to three feet wide. I saw him when I was a kid. He asked to see what he was capable of. He asked me to stand in the aisle, and when I faced the front door, he stood in front of the door and faced me. When I turned around to face the back door, he was already standing outside the back door, facing me.

I repeated this seven or eight times, and it turned out (when I turned around) that he flew across the roof in one jump. Later, he passed through the town of Dulin and met a friend who invited him to a hotel next to the bridge for a drink. After drinking enough, they stood by the river and looked out. The friend said to him: "Can you jump over this river?" Ding Yishi shrugged and jumped over. When his friend called him back, he jumped over again. However, as soon as the feet reached the shore, unexpectedly, the river bank was about to collapse, and a crack opened in the steep place near the water. Ding Yishi did not see it and accidentally stepped on it. The river bank collapsed for more than two feet, so he fell into the river along with the collapsed bank and was washed away with the current. He had never been familiar with the nature of water. He could only jump a few feet high from the waves. He could only jump straight up and down but could not swim to the shore, so he still fell into the river. After jumping like this many times, I ran out of energy. Finally drowned in the river. There is no greater disaster in the world than relying on one's own strength. Those who rely on money will eventually fail because of money, those who rely on power will be unlucky because of power, those who rely on wisdom will eventually be unlucky because of wisdom, and those who rely on strength will eventually die because of courage and strength. This is because once you have something to rely on, you will dare to take risks. My friend Tian Hou, also known as Songyan, once bought a Laoshan pole for mountain climbing in Luanyang, and he wrote a poem like this on it: Before the flowers and under the moon, you have accompanied me everywhere, but you should be careful even if the road is smooth. Don't stumble, how dare you deliberately set foot in a rough place without any worries just because you are there? This is really a wise statement from someone who has experienced the world. We should pay attention to it and always remember/admire it! (If you really have social experience, you can hang it like a chain around you and never forget it). 3. Classical Chinese: The eel saves the maidservant

The eel saves the maidservant

In Gao Huaizhong, the eels faced the east gate of Yangzhou and killed thousands of eels every day. A servant girl took pity on him and stole some of the eels from the tank every night and threw them into the rivers from the back window. This happened for many years. One day, the noodle shop was burned down, and the maidservant fled in a hurry. She was injured by the fire and trapped by the river. If you sleep deeply at night, your pain will be less than when you wake up, and your injuries will be healed. When he saw it, he saw mud from the river and applied it to the injured area, and there were eels around him. Then he knew that the eels he had released were coming to rescue him. Gao Huaizhong felt the difference and stopped working for him. When the pot was removed, there was a hole underneath, and countless eels were placed in it, all of which were thrown into the river.

Translation:

Gao Huaizhong runs eel noodles in Xiaodongmen, Yangzhou. He kills thousands of eels every day. There was a maid who felt very sorry for the eels. Every night, she secretly fished some of the eels out of the tank and threw them into the river through the back window. She did this for many years. One day, the noodle shop was burned down. The maid escaped in a hurry, was burned by the fire, and was trapped on the river bank. I fell asleep late at night. When I woke up, I felt that the pain from the wound had subsided, and even the burned area was about to heal. Looking carefully at the wound, I found that there was mud from the river applied to the wound, but there were traces of eels around it. Only then did she realize that it was the eel she had released before that had come to save her. Gao Huaizhong was moved by the maid's behavior, so he stopped the operation, dismantled the pot, and put all the eels in stock into the river.

Notes:

(1) In thousands: It means to calculate in thousands, that is, thousands of items.

(2) Compassion: Sympathy.

(3) Ratio: Wait.

(4) Industry: business.

(5) Maid: maid.

(6) Zhou: Around.

(7) Zhu: of (used as a pronoun and preposition in the text).

(8) Bin: River bank.

(9) Xiang: previous.

(10) Strike: stop business, go out of business.

(11) is: like this.

(12) tired: accumulation.

(13) Years: many years.

(14) Vertical: let go.

(15) Beginning: Talent.

(16) trapped: trapped.

(17) Maid: maid; this refers to the maid.

(18) Yangzhou: Today’s Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province.

(19): This refers to eel.

Key points:

1. Selected from "New Chronicles of Yuchu", edited by Zhang Chao of the Qing Dynasty. The selected stories cover a wide range of subjects and generally feature some bizarre plots or unusual events or characters.

2. In classical Chinese, the inflection of parts of speech is a relatively common language phenomenon. When a noun is conjugated into a verb, its meaning is closely related to the meaning of the noun. The word "ye" in "Gao Huaizhong, Ye Eel Faced at Xiaodongmen, Yangzhou" above is originally a noun, referring to occupation. It is used as a verb in the sentence to explain "taking... as occupation".

Enlightenment:

From the maid’s point of view: Good people are rewarded and should be willing to help others.

From the eel's point of view: If others are kind to you, you should find the right time to repay the kindness and know how to repay the kindness. 4. "The Firmness and Softness of Fir Reeds" Classical Chinese Essay

The original text and translation of "The Firmness and Softness of Fir Reeds"

Original text:

The opposite side of the bank: towering fir trees on one side and reeds on the other. When they were drinking water, the fir and the reed met each other day and night. One day, the fir and the reed ridiculed each other and said: "See, your body is like soft silk and your nature is like flowing water. You always dance with the wind. If the wind blows east, you will move east, and if the wind blows west, you will move west." How can I be upright and unyielding if I have no strength at all?" Wei said, "Both strength and softness have their own strengths. Although I am weak, I can avoid disaster; although you are strong, I am afraid that I will not be safe."

One day, a hurricane suddenly broke out, and the reeds were overturned left and right, but no serious harm was done; but the fir trees had already been uprooted!

——Excerpted from "Yi Shi Yuan" he123 Family education growing up with children

Translation:

The river bank is in contrast: one side is a fir tree The tree towered into the sky, with a reed on one side gently touching the water. The cedar tree and the reed met each other day and night. One day, the cedar tree laughed at the reed and said, "Look at your body like a soft silk thread, and your personality as gentle as flowing water, always dancing with the wind. If the wind blows to the east, you will tilt to the east; if the wind blows to the west, you will tilt to the west. There is no hardness at all, unlike me who is upright and unyielding. How happy!" Reed said: "Hardness and softness have their own strengths. You may be weak, but you can avoid disaster after all; although you are strong, you may not be secure."

One day, a strong wind came up, and the reeds swayed left and right, but in the end they were not seriously harmed; but the fir tree But it has long been uprooted! 5. Translation, Yumiao Classical Chinese

There is a wide flat land near the river, about two or three acres, with many rocks and little soil. There is the Yu Temple in the middle, the palace is called Mingde, and it is extremely magnificent. Entering the court to pay homage, those who were in a state of solemnity and thought of virtue stayed there for a long time. There are many green pines and strange trees in the courtyard. Their roots are supported by earth and rocks, and they are connected by sudden branches. To the southwest of the palace gate, a stone peak emerges from the stream.

The overall picture is:

Leave Xiguomen in Hejin County, thirty miles northwest, and arrive at the foot of Longmen. To the east and west there are dangerous peaks, stretching out from Tianhan. The big river comes from the mountain gorge in the northwest. When it reaches this point, the mountain breaks off and the river flows out. The two walls stand facing each other. Shen Yu's work of sparing and chiseling was the greatest here. The wood is constructed from the cave at the southeast foot, and the floating water is used as a plank road, winding up. There is a wide flat land near the river, maybe two or three acres, with lots of rocks and little soil. There is the Yu Temple in the middle, the palace is called Mingde, and it is extremely magnificent. Entering the court to pay homage, those who were in a state of solemnity and thought of virtue stayed there for a long time. There are many green pines and strange trees in the courtyard. Their roots are supported by earth and rocks, and they are connected by sudden branches. To the southwest of the palace gate, a stone peak emerges from the stream. Step by step, reach the top. There is Linsi Pavilion on the top, which is built because the wind is too high to allow trees to stand. Looking down from the pavilion gate, the river is rushing, the three sides are violent, and the stone peaks seem to be shaking. Looking at the giant gorge from the north, there are red cliffs and green walls. Clouds and fog appear, the sky opens and closes, and it becomes dim and bright. To the west, there are endless mountains. Looking eastward, the mountains appear majestic and floating in the sky. Looking south to the south, there are overflowing torrents, rocky islands and sandy shores, missing banks on the plateau, smokey villages and foggy trees, sailboats and waves, appearing and disappearing, and the mountains of Taihua, Tongguan and Yongyu seem to be visible. It is a wonder that captivates the world.

Go down the stairs to the east of the stone peak, pass through the stone cliff, and build a building out of thin air by placing trees horizontally and vertically. The hole board in the center of the building is equipped with a well bed and a windlass, hanging over the Ji River. Leaning on the railing, the cool breeze is blowing, just like a line of royal guards standing in the air with their breath. Returning from the north road of Shuilou, after leaving the palace for more than a hundred steps, you arrive at the right valley, where you can see a graceful sky. It is separated from the mountains in the east and the river in the west. The north and south ends of the valley are separated by a few feet, and the old cha is used as a bridge to cross it in one step. Two hundred steps north of the valley, there is a small temple, Bian said Houtu.

The northern mountain rises steeply and reaches the river below. So he was poor in the east of the temple. There are stone niches that look like a big house, with overhanging stones that look like human figures, bird wings, animal kisses, liver and lungs, warts, hanging cauldrons, chimes, uncut stones, or mines without furnaces. Don't be poor. There is a sonorous sound on the dripping stone hanging from the spring. The stones under the niche are arranged vertically and horizontally, with the ones lying on the side, the ones standing sideways, and the ones standing upright, like a bed, like a table, like a screen, which can be used to sit on, lean on, or lean on. The qi is yin and yin, although it is very hot, I don't feel bothered by it; but the desolate spirit and cold muscles cannot stay there for a long time. I will go up the stone staircase on the left side of Mingde Palace from Chaqiao Road. There is a Taoist temple in the southeastern mountain. The terrain is higher than that of Linsi Pavilion, and you can also overlook the scenery of rivers and mountains. Then he went down the plank road from the stone ladder, watched the ferry in front of the stream, and returned to the east mountain.

It was Bingwu in the first year of Xuande, the 25th day of the fifth lunar month. A fellow traveler is Yang Jingrui.

About the author: Xue Xuan (1389-1464) was born in Hejin (now Hejin County, Shanxi Province), with the courtesy name Dewen and the nickname Jingxuan. He was a scholar and writer of the Ming Dynasty. In the 19th year of Yongle, Emperor Chengzu of the Ming Dynasty, he passed the Jinshi examination and served as an official for several dynasties, reaching the rank of Right Minister of the Ministry of Rites. During the reign of Emperor Xuanzong, he was granted the title of Censor. Because of his upright nature, he refused to flatter the powerful and disobeyed the eunuch Wang Zhen. He was sentenced to death and sentenced to death, but he was soon released. During the reign of Emperor Yingzong, he served as the right minister of the Ministry of Rites and a bachelor of Hanlin. He joined the cabinet and participated in confidential government affairs. He was good at poetry and prose, and his style was elegant. His posthumous title was "Wenqing". Xuezong Cheng Zhu belongs to the Hedong School and has works such as "The Collection of Xue Wenqing" and "Dushu Lu".

Inscription: Longmen: The name of the mountain, also known as Yumen. Today, the situation between Hejin County in Shanxi Province and Hancheng County in Shaanxi Province is dangerous, spanning both sides of the Yellow River, like a gate. It flows in the middle of the Yellow River, so it is named Longmen. According to legend, Dayu led the river here and cut it to flow. Cliffs stand on both sides of the bank, facing each other from east to west. The Yellow River flows through it with turbulent waves. When it leaves Longmen, it cascades thousands of miles away. The scene is very spectacular.

This article uses the roaring Yellow River as the background to describe the strange and dangerous rise of Longmen, and praises Shen Yu's chiseling achievements. The author uses strange and rough brushstrokes to outline the vastness, grandeur and openness of the scene seen in Linsi Pavilion. The description of the shapes of stone niches and other stones is extremely delicate and vivid. This is a travel note written in broad strokes about great scenery. What the author focuses on is not every plant, tree, water or stone, but the general appearance of the scenery. He outlines it with a few strokes in a bold writing style. It is not about the vividness of the shape, but the charm and momentum. For example, "Looking south to the overflowing torrents, rocky islands and sandy shores, missing shores on the plateau, smokey villages and foggy trees, sailboats and wave boats, and mist and mist." These are all very general descriptions, but they do not give people an abstract feeling or a reflexive image at all. Prominent, complete picture, majestic. Correspondingly, the author's writing style is vigorous, and every word and sentence is as if carved with a knife. These all bring unique features to this article 6. Translate this classical Chinese article

The autumn floods arrived on time, and many rivers poured into the Yellow River. The waves in the direct current are so large that between the two banks and the sandbar, there is such a vast expanse that one cannot distinguish between cattle and horses. At this time, the River God was very happy and complacent, thinking that all the beautiful things in the world were in his possession. Follow the water to the east and reach the Bohai Sea. Facing east, you can't see the end of the water. At this time, the River God changed his original view, looked up at the Poseidon and sighed: "There is a saying that after hearing hundreds of truths, one thinks that no one in the world can compare with him. What he means is Me. And I have also heard that Confucius knew too little and Boyi’s moral principles were not worthy of attention. At first, I didn’t believe it. Now that I see your boundlessness, how about I come to your place? In front of the door, it would be dangerous. I will always be laughed at by the wise people."

Poseidon said: "It is impossible to talk to the frogs in the well because they are inhabited. The reason is that you cannot talk to insects that only live in summer about ice and snow, because they are limited by the season they live in; you cannot talk to people who are ignorant about big principles, because their vision is limited by their education. Bound. Now that you have come out from the river bank and seen the sea, you have realized your own shallowness, and you will be able to participate in the discussion of the Great Way.

There is nothing bigger than the sea in the world. Thousands of rivers flow back to the sea. You don’t know when they will stop, but the sea never overflows. The sea water flows out from the tail gate, although it never stops. time, but the sea water does not decrease but runs out; the sea water does not increase or decrease due to seasonal changes, nor is it affected by floods and droughts. This shows that the sea far exceeds the flow of rivers and cannot be calculated in quantity. However, I have never been complacent because of this. I believe that I have inherited form from heaven and earth and inherited vitality from yin and yang. I exist between heaven and earth, just like a small piece of stone or a small piece of sawdust existing in a mountain. I just thought that my own existence was really insignificant, so why could I be complacent? Think about it, the four seas exist between heaven and earth, isn't it just like a small ant nest existing in the wilderness? Think about it again, isn’t it that the Central Plains exists within the four seas, just like tiny grains of rice exist in a large granary? The number of things is called ten thousand, and human beings are just one of all things; people gather in Kyushu, food grows here, boats and cars pass here, and everyone is just one of many people; compared with all things, a person is not just Like the end of the hair is present throughout the horse's body? What the five emperors succeeded to, what the three kings fought for, what the benevolent people worried about, and what the virtuous people worked for, all lie in this world that is as small as a millennium! Boyi gained fame by using it, and Confucius showed his profound knowledge by talking about it. This is probably their complacency and pride; isn't it just like your complacency when the river surged? ”

When --- On time

涘 --- River bank

Discrimination --- Discrimination

Poor --- Exhaustion

To look at the ocean and sigh---originally refers to lamenting one's own insignificance in the face of great things. Now it often refers to feeling helpless because of incompetence or lack of conditions.

To make people laugh---originally refers to feeling generous. A person who understands the Dao generally refers to a person who is knowledgeable or knowledgeable.

I marked both idioms.

It means He Bo meets the God of the Sea. This metaphor shows that one's personal knowledge is limited, and after comparison, one's own shortcomings will be revealed. If you are proud and complacent, you will inevitably laugh at your generosity. The universe is infinite, and human understanding and role are limited because of objective limitations. Therefore, people cannot be complacent. We must continue to forge ahead. 7. Annotations of Ding Yishi's classical Chinese words

① Agility: bravery and agility

② Martial arts: refers to the martial arts of fighting the enemy. .

③ Pianran: Lively

④ Si: Shop

⑤ Drink as much as possible

⑥ Fu: Talent.

⑦ Yu: Expectation. 宮: Collapse

There was a man named Ding Yishi in the translation village, who was agile, brave and powerful, and learned to fight. , The ability to go super high and far. You can jump up to a place that is two to three feet high; you can jump over a place that is two to three feet wide... Later, I passed by Dulin Town and met a friend. Invite him to a hotel by the bridge for a drink. After drinking, the friend says, "Can you jump across the river?" "The soldier then jumped over. His friend called him to come again, so he jumped back again. As soon as he stepped on the river bank, he didn't expect that the river bank was about to collapse, and a gap opened in the steep place near the water's edge. One man didn't see it and stepped on it by mistake. The river bank collapsed about two feet. One man also fell into the river and was washed down by the current. One man never knew how to swim, so he just kept jumping up from the waves. , jumped several feet high, but he could only jump straight up, but could not jump to the side to get closer to the river bank. In the end, he still fell into the water after repeating this jump several times. Ichishi was exhausted and could no longer jump up. , and was drowned.

There is no greater disaster in the world than relying on others. , People who rely on their wit are eventually defeated because of their wit, and people who rely on their courage are eventually defeated because of their courage. This is because people who rely on them often dare to take risks.

8. Translation of the classical Chinese text "Jianjia"

Jianjia's "The Book of Songs·Guofeng·Qinfeng"

Jianjia (jiān jiā) is pale, and the white dew is frost.

The so-called beauty is on the water side.

If you follow it to trace back (sù) and return to (huí), the road is long and blocked; if you follow it to trace back and swim, it will be in the middle of the water.

Jianjia luxuriant (qī), white dew is still fresh (xī).

The so-called Yiren is in the water (méi).

If you follow it when you trace back, you will be able to climb into the water (jī) when the road is blocked; if you follow it when you trace back, you will wander in the water (chí).

The jianjia is collected, and the white dew has not stopped. The so-called beauty is in the river (sì) of the water.

If you follow it for migratory purposes, the road is blocked and to the right; if you follow it for migratory purposes, you will wander in the water (zhǐ).

Annotation:

Cang Cang: lush appearance. The following words "qiqi" and "caicai" have the same meaning as "cangcang". White dew turns into frost: The crystal dew turns into frost. For, to condense into.

The so-called: said, here refers to what is missed.

Yiren: This person or that person. Refers to the person the poet is longing for.

On the other side of the water: on the other side of the water, that is, the other side of the water. Fang, side

sù huí: follow the winding riverside road to the upper reaches to find the beautiful woman. Wander, swim against the current. Zuo, Tong "sui", walking upstream against the river. Hui, a twisting and circling waterway. Follow, follow, chase, here refers to pursuit and search. Yes, here refers to Yiren.

Obstacles: There are many obstacles on the road, making it difficult to walk. Obstacle, danger, road is difficult to walk.

Trace the journey from it: Go down the river to find her. Go back and swim down the river. "You" connects to "liu", which refers to a direct-flowing waterway.

Wan in the middle of the water: (that person) seems to be in the middle of the river. It means that it is not far away but cannot be reached. Wan, Wanran, as if.

Qiqi: (literally "luxuriant") lush appearance. It has the same meaning as "caicai" below.

晞(xī): sun.

Mei (méi): The place where water and grass meet, referring to the shore.

Ji (jī): rising, which means the terrain is getting higher and higher, making walking difficult.

Di (chí): a small sandbank in the water.

Caicai: lush appearance.

Weiji: refers to the fact that the dew has not yet been completely evaporated by the sun. Already: completed

涘 (sì): waterside.

Right: roundabout, curved, meaning the road is curved.

沚(zhǐ): A small piece of land in the water.

Zhi: On behalf of "Yiren"

Today's translation

The reeds along the Jianjia River are green in color, and the white dew in late autumn condenses into frost.

The person I think about day and night is on the other side of the river.

I went upstream to pursue her, but the road was difficult and long.

I looked for it along the river, as if I was in the middle of the water.

The reeds along the river are lush, and the early morning dew has not yet dried.

The person I dream about is on the other side of the river.

I went upstream to look for her, but the road was difficult and difficult.

I searched for it downstream, as if I was right in the middle of the sandbar.

The reeds along the river are more luxuriant, and the white dew still lingers in the early morning.

The person I am pursuing so hard is on the other side of the river.

I went upstream to look for her, but the road was difficult and tortuous.

I looked for it along the river, as if I were on a sandbank in the water.