Don Quixote's Works and Nationality

Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra (1547- 16 16) is a Spanish novelist, playwright and poet in the Renaissance. He was born on September 29th, 1547 and on April 22nd,16 in Madrid. He is regarded as the greatest writer in Spanish literature. Critics call his novel Don Quixote the first modern novel in the history of literature and one of the treasures of world literature. His life experience is a typical Spanish adventure. He was born in/kloc-Spain in the 6th century, which was an exciting time. The Moors who believed in Islam were driven back to North Africa, and Spain was unified from region to religion. With the support of the Spanish court, Columbus discovered the new continent. Ocean exploration promoted the prosperity of colonialism, and the plunder of America stimulated the development of domestic industry and commerce. In some cities, capitalist relations of production began to sprout, and Spain had more than 1000 ships sailing around the world, becoming a powerful feudal empire that ruled Europe. However, Spain's prosperity was extremely short-lived. Philip II, the autocratic monarch, launched many failed wars abroad, which not only exhausted the assets of the national treasury, but also made Spain lose its position as a maritime hegemon.

At home, feudal nobles and monks still maintain their privileges, and exorbitant taxes and miscellaneous taxes are varied, which makes the uneven distribution between the rich and the poor more prominent and class contradictions increasingly intensified. Although the autocratic monarchy colluded with the Catholic Church and used the Inquisition to suppress all progressive ideas and people's resistance, humanistic ideas were still spread and a number of outstanding writers emerged.

Cervantes was born in a poor family, and his father was a tramp surgeon. Because of the hard life, Cervantes and his seven brothers and sisters followed their father everywhere until 1566. His wandering childhood made him only receive secondary education.

At the age of 23, he went to Italy and became a vassal of Cardinal Julio. A year later, he refused to be content with the status quo, which prompted him to join the Spanish army in Italy and prepare to fight against the invading Turks. He took part in the famous battle of Labando. In this battle, 24 warships of the Spanish-led joint fleet severely damaged the Turkish fleet. Cervantes stuck to his post in spite of illness, and was injured three times in the fierce battle, and even his left hand was amputated. Since then, he has been called "Le Bando's one-armed man". After four years of military service, he returned home with a letter of recommendation from Juan, commander-in-chief of the Christian Coalition forces, and the governor of Sicily to the king of Spain.

Unfortunately, he met a Turkish pirate ship on the way and was taken to Algeria. Because of these two letters of recommendation, the Turks regarded him as an important person and prepared to extort a huge ransom. As a slave, Cervantes organized escapes again and again, but they all ended in failure. However, his courage and courage won the trust and love of the prisoners, and even the Turks who enslaved them were impressed by his indomitable spirit. 1580, relatives and friends finally raised funds to redeem him, when he was 34 years old.

Cervantes, who returned to China as a hero, did not get the attention of King Philip and was busy with his life all day. While writing a book, he worked as a clerk in the government, a quartermaster and a tax collector. He was exposed to rural life and was sent to the United States on business. He was arrested and imprisoned more than once, because he couldn't pay the taxes he should have paid, but some of them had accidents. Even part of his immortal Don Quixote was conceived and created in prison. He died of poverty and disease.

Cervantes likes literature very much. When he was in danger, selling literature was the only way for him to support his wife and children. He used literary language to advertise one businessman after another and one commodity after another. He wrote countless lyric poems and satirical poems, but most of them didn't arouse much response. He also wrote thirty or forty plays at the invitation of the theater, but it didn't achieve the expected success after being released. 1585 published the pastoral novel Galatia (the first part). Although the author is very satisfied with this, it has not attracted the attention of the literary world. Cervantes began to write Don Quixote in his fifties. Don Quixote is a valuable cultural heritage. The life experience of Don Quixote as a ranger in the book exposes the darkness of society, criticizes the tyranny of the church and reveals the sufferings of the people. Don Quixote and his servant Sancho are two typical images in western classical literature.

The first edition of Don Quixote was published on 1605, which immediately swept the country and was reprinted six times a year. Although this novel failed to get Cervantes out of poverty, it won him immortal honor. The book's satire and ruthless ridicule of the current disadvantages were dissatisfied and hated by feudal nobles and the Catholic Church. 16 14 published a fake sequel, which, from the standpoint of the church and the nobility, distorted and vilified the image of the hero of the novel at will and maliciously slandered and attacked Cervantes himself. In order to resist the bad influence of fake books, Cervantes rushed to write the second part of Don Quixote, which was released in 16 15. This book has been translated into almost all kinds of languages, widely circulated in the world, suitable for all ages, and profound in meaning. Some famous European literary critics say this is the greatest work in human history. In addition, in 16 13, a collection of stories about punishing evil and promoting good was published, which included 13 excellent short stories, including tortuous love stories, descriptions of social customs and some philosophical discussions. The book describes the evils of feudal society and the poverty of the lower classes in Spain, affirms human nature and personal freedom, and angrily protests against social injustice. These realistic short stories full of humanistic thoughts occupy an important position in Spanish Renaissance literature.

The famous novel Don Quixote (1602 ~ 16 15) is Cervantes' masterpiece. The full name of this novel is Scholar's Academy with Fantasy Ideas, which consists of two volumes. This paper mainly describes a emaciated and declining aristocrat, Jikede, who is obsessed with ancient knight novels, dressed as an ancient knight with broken armor, a beautiful pig-herding woman as a goddess of worship, and then a stout farmer, Sancho Panza, as an attendant. He set out three times to travel around the country and created a weak hoe. As a result, many jokes were made, humiliated everywhere, beaten or sent home as a madman. There are nearly 700 characters in the novel, and the scenes depicted are all over the country from the palace to the wilderness. It exposed the contradictions of the declining Spanish kingdom from the end of 16 to the beginning of 17, condemned the decadence of the aristocratic class, showed the people's pain and struggle, and touched on political, economic, moral, cultural and customs issues. The novel portrays two famous typical figures in world literature, namely, Sancho, a peasant who is laughing, respectable, sad and realistic, timid, intelligent and just. It combines realism and romanticism organically, which has both unpretentious real life and funny and exaggerated fictional plots, and has reached a new level in reflecting the depth and breadth of reality and shaping the typicality of characters.

This book is a classic, but it is best not to read it with such a serious eye, because it belongs to street reading for a long time after its publication, and its value was once considered as "funny" (Cervantes was a genius, but he was the funniest writer in Spain-a human language at that time). No matter what comments he received, this book was really funny, and I couldn't help writing this article after reading it. The words in this book are light and lively. It seems that every sentence is handy and appropriate, but it is not so accurate. Even the cohesion of the plot is so random and full of loopholes, but this does not affect the attraction of the whole book. This book has a vitality from the people. If you joke with a bunch of simple country people, you can feel this warm and natural vitality.

Cervantes, the author, is such a low-level role in society. He was a disabled sergeant and was captured as a slave. During this period, he led his brothers to escape several times and was caught back. After being redeemed, he was penniless, and writing didn't help him get rid of poverty. He also spent several times in prison in ...................................................................................................................................... because of an accident. After his death, people didn't know his exact burial place.

Don Quixote, a country gentleman, was fascinated by the knight's short story, and he was bent on putting all kinds of knight's behaviors in the book into reality. He lured his neighbor Sancho to be his slave, so a madman and a fool became this "great messenger".

Don Quixote is clear-headed and insightful when talking with people in adventure, as long as chivalry is not involved. He has a firm belief and noble character and is a model of chivalry. He pursues justice wholeheartedly, and "fights" with imaginary enemies without fear or even death. He firmly believes that he should help the weak, but in fact, he often gives others trouble. He defends purity and loyalty, sticks to his self-righteous love, and has no regrets, while his so-called "lover" is a pudgy village girl who doesn't know him at all. He lives in an imaginary world, experiencing setbacks without regret. He thought it was just a "magician's ghost" and kept cheering Sancho up-knights always have to go through all kinds of hardships to make great achievements.

What about Sancho? He is a farmer who only sees immediate interests and only cares about himself. Because Don Quixote promised him all kinds of benefits, he followed him to be a slave. He was satisfied with the enjoyment in his mouth, constantly debunking Don Quixote's whimsy and complaining about his poor days. "The eagle flying in the sky is not as good as the hen running on the ground." He used common sense to judge and deal with problems, and the governor actually did a good job. Of course, later he felt tired and didn't want to do it.

The Adventures of Master and Servant is slightly similar to the Tang Priest and Apprentices in The Journey to the West, except that the former is absurd with the real world as the background, while the latter is a struggle with the mythical world as the background. This reminds people of the problem of faith, which is far away, like a distant lamp. The present world, limited by experience, is perceptual, superficial and perhaps "normal". Sancho is an irrational fool who only knows pleasure. Master and servant seem contradictory, but in fact they are inseparable. Don Quixote's ideal is ridiculous, but who can laugh at him? If a person has some ideals and beliefs that excite him, is it more real and smarter than Don Quixote's dream of a ranger? If not, who wants to be Sancho and be satisfied with the present happiness?

Simply put, let's end with a joke at that time.

At that time, the king of Spain saw a student laughing while reading on the balcony of his palace. He decided that the student must be reading Don Quixote, otherwise he was crazy. Sure enough, the guy was watching Don Quixote.

Like Don Quixote in his works, the author is a tragic figure. He was born in June 1547 in Henares, El Calad. Father Rodrigo de Cervantes and mother leonor cortina are poor aristocrats.

The family moved to Lide, Balado, Madrid and Seville.

1566— 1569 lived in Madrid, studied in the school of Juan Lopez DeContract, a humanist priest, and was later called a poet by the priest.

1569, he published his first few poems, started his military career, and went to Rome as the entourage of Cardinal Julio Acquabiwa.

1570 left the Vatican to join the infantry regiment.

Participated in the Lepanto campaign of 157 1. His left hand was disabled in the battle, which earned him the nickname "Lepanto Disabled".

1572 joined the corps of Lopez de figueroa, and then went to Corfu Island, Greece, where he participated in the eastern coastal areas of Spain and the Battle of navarino, Greece.

980 1 Attached is Cervantes' life resume.

From 1574 to 1575, he traveled to Sardinia, Genoa, Naples and Sicily. On the way to Spain on the ship Susafeng, he was captured by three pirate ships of African Berbers and sent to Algiers.

From 1575 to 1580 when he was imprisoned in Algiers, he wrote several letters to several Spanish ministers asking for help, and also created some short plays and comedies between scenes. After being redeemed by his family with 500 gold shields. The capture experience in Don Quixote is a portrayal of Cervantes' life.

1581-1582 in Lisbon, I met the Portuguese wife Anna franca and had a daughter Isabel Teresa Arbide.

1584 marry Spanish Catalina de palacios salazar.

The first Galatia was published in 1585, followed by Life in Algiers and Numancia.

1587 ——1589 accepted the position of the royal quartermaster of Andalusia, responsible for purchasing munitions for the Armada and the army.

1590, he asked the king to work in the west Indies, but he was not allowed. 1591-1592 went door-to-door to buy munitions, and was later falsely accused of unclear accounts and jailed.

1594 returned to Madrid, and later served as the tax history of Granada.

1597 was accused of misappropriating public funds and was jailed again.

1598 took up some private positions after he was released from prison, during which he wrote some poems, sonnets and a ballad.

1603, he went to Lide, Balado to clear his name, and took the first volume of Don Quixote with him.

Don Quixote was first published on 1605 and reprinted six times a year. Unexpectedly, I was involved in a lawsuit and spent a few days in my cell with my sister, daughter and niece. After the facts were clarified, he was released.

1606 settled in Madrid, smuggler's position, economic difficulties.

1607 began to make enemies in the literary world, including Lobe de Vega. Don Quixote has been translated into several major European languages.

1609 Join the Eucharist.

16 13 was added to Franciscans. The collection of stories about punishing evil and promoting good was published.

16 14 The Travel Notes of Panasso was published.

16 15 The second volume published eight comedies, eight episodes and Don Quixote.

16 16 suffered from severe edema and wrote "Speech to Count Lemus" for "Pei siles and Sai Sismonda". He died in Madrid on April 23rd, and his grave has not been found.