What basic knowledge do new investors need to prepare for entering the market?

What basic knowledge do new investors need to prepare for entering the market?

As a new shareholder, what preparations should be made before entering the market in order to shorten the running-in period as much as possible and reduce the "tuition" expenditure? Bian Xiao compiled the basic knowledge of new investors entering the market here for your reference. I hope everyone will gain something in the reading process!

1. Securities and trading basis.

Some investors rush into the market without knowing the most basic things, such as trading time, stock code, ex-dividend, earnings per share, when listed companies will issue regular reports, and in which authoritative media they can find company announcements, which is tantamount to lottery gambling.

In addition, in recent years, China's securities market has flourished and innovative financial products have emerged. Many investors have plunged into it before they understand why. Only when WISCO warrants and airport warrants expire will investors find that the bills in their hands have become a piece of waste paper; Only then will there be a joke that investors will speculate on the new contract as a new stock in the simulated trading of stock index futures.

Before you prepare your first order, please be sure to make clear the goods you want to buy and their trading rules.

Second, basic skills.

First of all, you should learn to look at the market and understand the meanings of common terms such as ratio and commission ratio, and then you should simply learn the common investment skills in the stock market.

Generally speaking, stock market investment is divided into three levels from bottom to top: technical analysis, game analysis and value analysis. Mastering any level of skills alone can increase your investment opportunities.

As China's securities market is in the transition period from cultivation to maturity, the investment concept led by institutional investors will play an increasingly important role in the market. We are surprised to find that the investment concept of institutional investors is becoming more and more international, so the investment concept of minority shareholders must also keep pace with the times. To put it simply, it is the most ideal and effective investment method to choose investment varieties mainly based on value analysis and choose trading opportunities supplemented by technical analysis and game analysis.

Some people say that there are two kinds of "lock-in", one is "value lock-in" and the other is "price lock-in", which makes the relationship between valuation changes obtained from fundamental analysis and price changes driven by funds very clear. If the price you buy is higher than the value (the value is locked), then the risk you face is correspondingly greater; If you just bought at a high price, but the purchase price is still lower than the value (price lock), then you can still get rid of it in time. However, if you can make good use of technical analysis, grasp the opportunity of admission and ensure that the price and value are not trapped, your income will be higher.

Technical analysis and value analysis can be mastered by investing in reference books provided by masters and attending some popular training courses. As for game analysis, investors can explore slowly in the investment process.

The "Elementary Course of Shareholder School" newly compiled by the Shareholder School of Shanghai Stock Exchange is written for new shareholders, and its content is comprehensive. At present, all the varieties in the investment market: A shares, B shares, funds, warrants and stock index futures are covered. Investors will benefit a lot if they can read it carefully.

Of course, there are also some fool-like trading software on the market, which will directly give the signal hint of stock trading, and it is also a possible choice for investors who are unwilling to spend time learning technical analysis.

In addition to making up lessons in basic skills, before you enter the market, you need to have a clear understanding and preparation in the following aspects:

First, the arrangement of time and energy.

To do a good job in stock investment, we must pay attention to and master some macro, policy and dynamic information of the company industry in time, and it is a continuous work day after day and year after year. Before entering the market, you should consider whether you have enough time and energy to do it.

For example, the Bank of China suddenly raised the deposit reserve ratio over the weekend. As a new stockholder, you just bought the shares of ICBC. You should know and pay attention to this information through various channels, and what impact it may have on the trend of ICBC.

For investors who like short-term operation, it is necessary to ensure that they can always keep an eye on the market and ensure that the list is unimpeded. It is recommended that you use both telephone entrustment and online entrustment to prevent problems in trading channels.

Second, funding arrangements.

Some investors, especially those who are new to the stock market, lack sufficient knowledge of the risks of the stock market, so they may have the idea of putting all their savings into stocks, and even borrow money or sell houses for stock trading, which is absolutely unacceptable.

Stock market investment should be an organic part of family property. Considering the ups and downs of the stock market and the liquidity of stocks, you should invest some of your surplus funds, so that you won't be too eager for quick success in your mind. In case of investment failure, your family life will not be affected.

If you are eager to try stock index futures, you should be reminded to control your investment funds, which should not exceed 30% of your available investment funds.

Third, correctly understand your risk tolerance.

By analyzing factors such as family status, income stability, investment purpose, knowledge and resources related to securities investment, we can make clear our risk tolerance, so as to plan the principal amount and investment style in advance.

Fourth, learn to control emotions.

In the stock market, there are often herd mentality such as chasing up and killing down. New investors should learn to control their emotions and not be disturbed by the behavior of people around them.

When a stock is madly sought after, we should keep calm and not take chances, thinking that we won't be the last one. A more effective control method is to repeatedly verify the main cost of opening positions; When the stock in your hand suffers a sharp drop, you should first verify whether it is "value lock" or "price lock", and then further decide whether to sell it as soon as possible or make up the position quickly.

Avoid easy mistakes.

It is a common mistake for investors to change the original trading operation strategy easily. When entering the stock market for the first time, some investors mostly hold the mentality of short-term profit, and short-term operation is prevalent. But once you buy a stock, you will violate your original trading strategy, cling to the stock and be forced to change from short-term operation to long-term operation, regardless of the fact that the stock price has reversed from an upward trend to a downward trend. The stocks held in the hands are getting deeper and deeper, and in order to reduce costs, they continue to make up positions. The result is deeper and deeper, the loss is huge, the utilization rate of funds has dropped to zero, and there is still great psychological suffering during the quilt cover period. Made a fatal mistake in trend judgment and failed to correct it in time. Investors who lack professional knowledge of stocks are blind in buying and selling stocks, so they often misjudge the trend: mistake the falling rebound for market reversal, eat stocks at the top of the rebound market, and the result is quilt. If you don't reverse the operation in time and sell the stocks you hold, the losses will be great; Or mistake the rising back block for the main shipment and be washed out on the eve of the dealer's price increase, resulting in the loss of profit opportunities.

Stock market investment is risky, which is a truth that every investor understands when entering the market. The problem is that when losses are really caused by investment mistakes, when the losses are small and suitable for compensation, most investors are unwilling to admit defeat, and expect the stock price to pick up wishful thinking until the losses expand out of control, leading to psychological collapse, and the stock price is often close to the bottom.

(1) Close the position after being quilted once, and close the position after making a little profit. Because retail investors have not received professional stock investment training, their trading strategies are often wrong, and they cling to stocks after falling into a downward trend, resulting in more and more serious losses. But at the beginning of the bull market, a little profit ran away and missed the big market. This is the experience of many investors losing money in the stock market.

(2) When the floating profit decreases, it will not be closed for profit. After some investors bought stocks, their stocks rose by luck, resulting in floating profits. If the stock price rises for a period of time and then reverses the downward trend, when the floating profit gradually decreases to the stop profit point and the downward trend remains unchanged, the position should be closed immediately for profit. Otherwise, you may lose the remaining profits or even lose money. After buying a stock quilt, blindly covering the position and spreading the low cost repeatedly, resulting in increasing losses: spreading the low cost can only be spread out at one time on the basis of correctly judging the running trend of the stock price, otherwise repeated buying and falling will aggravate the mistakes in investment decision-making and bet the funds that could have been used flexibly on the wrong stock. Although this reduces the cost of holding shares, it puts investors in an extremely passive and dilemma situation for a long time.

(3) Without sufficient research on the stock market and listed companies, trading rashly without stock trading skills often leads to losses. Seeing that people around them have made money in the stock market, some investors are influenced by jealousy and can't wait to enter the stock market. Without knowledge of stock market investment and information of listed companies, it is difficult to make a profit in the stock market. Other investors are unwilling to spend a little money on stock investment training. When they panic to cut meat, the money they cut out is often dozens or even hundreds of times the training fee. Therefore, investing in the stock market can't be quick and quick.

(4) Some investors know that cheap stocks are often junk stocks, but they just want to buy stocks with extremely low prices. In fact, the stock selection criteria for stock market investment should be based on listed companies with low P/E ratio, high growth, strong family and active stocks. The prices of these stocks are often not very low, but the rising strength and profitability per unit time are considerable. Investing in stocks is not calculated by how many shares you bought, but by how much money you invested, not by how much money you earned at the unit price of a stock, but by the percentage of your capital increase. If the stock price is surprisingly low, it can only show that the performance of listed companies is too poor or the prospects are worrying.

(5) Some investors buy stocks at the beginning of the stock market reversal. At this time, it is already a stock with a high share price. Once reversed, it often falls sharply. If you get involved in stocks too early, the probability of being quilted after buying is extremely high. Falling stocks look much cheaper than the previous period. In fact, many times it is far from falling to a reasonable level.

(6) I just want to buy stocks that have been listed early, or a few stocks that I am familiar with. Some investors have an instinctive resistance to unfamiliar stocks and newly listed stocks, turn a blind eye to them and only care about a few stocks that are already familiar, which will miss many profit opportunities. In fact, many of the best investment opportunities come from stocks that you least care about.

(7) Dare not buy stocks whose share price has just hit a new high. Some investors have serious bear market thinking and still hold traditional views on stocks with themes, potential performance or reorganization concepts, which makes them afraid to chase after the stock price hits a new high, and as a result, they watch their stock prices hit new highs again and again. In fact, when the stock price reaches a new high, the best coping strategy is to buy on dips and set a stop-loss point when the stock price falls, so as to be foolproof.

(8) Some investors care about the price difference of one or two cents when buying and selling, which leads to the loss of the best trading opportunity: when trading, they often fail to make a deal because of the price difference of one or two cents, which leads to missing profits or increasing losses. According to the trading rules of Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges, when trading, time takes priority and price takes priority, so whoever has the priority of quotation at the same time will make a deal first. Therefore, investors must be aware that although your quotation takes precedence, the actual transaction price is often much more unexpected than your quotation.

(9) I am well aware of my mistakes, but I don't want to correct them in time because of psychological obstacles. Some investors, after selling their own stocks, find that the sold stocks are still rising. After analysis, they think that the stocks may continue to rise, but because they have already sold at a relatively low level, they are unwilling to buy back at a high level on the basis of selling at a low level. In fact, the main reason for speculating in stocks is to earn the difference. If the stocks bought at a "high price" can still sell at a higher price, why not?

(10) Lack of confidence casts a net everywhere, which is euphemistically called: spreading risks. Some investors spread their funds over many stocks, and even if there is a daily limit, most of them will consume profits. Moreover, everyone's energy is limited. It is difficult to take care of so many stocks in the session. If there is a rise, there will be a throw, which is often a pile of weak stocks that do not rise. You won't see one thing, and you won't see another. Once the market reverses, it is not easy to clear the position if you want to run away, and the result can be imagined.

(1 1) I didn't think clearly before buying, but I was flustered after buying. This is a common problem when you first enter the market, and then you ask everyone that you are restless. In the downward trend of the market, the stock exchange operation is repeated, and it has been defeated repeatedly. This behavior is like sailing against the current, climbing a dangerous peak with heavy load, and the result can be imagined.

(12) Buy by technical analysis, not sell by technical analysis. It is more difficult to beat yourself than to beat others. Greed and luck are the biggest enemies to defeat yourself. Let your stock options be at the mercy of stock critics or other investors: some investors are eager to enter the market because they lack knowledge of stock market investment. After entering the market, faced with more than 1,000 stocks in Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets, they were at a loss, and how to start became a problem. Therefore, the recommendation of stock reviewers in newspapers, magazines and TV, as well as the investment suggestions of the surrounding investors, are regarded as golden advice, which often puts their own funds in danger. Because stock critics and investment experts also make mistakes, it is particularly important that once experts find that they have misread the market, they will change their views at will without others knowing at that time. In addition, some stock critics and investment experts have their own institutional banker backgrounds, and investors should think twice about their remarks.

(13) Invest in the stock market with a gambling mentality. Some investors tend to put all their money into buying and selling only one stock and put all their eggs in one basket. Once the market is wrong, they lose. The correct method should be: it is appropriate to divide the positions properly and spread out all the funds to buy stocks. Finally, using the loss-making stock expenditure to hedge the profit-making stock income, positive value means profit. In this way, the mentality is stable and the chances of making profits in the stock market will be greatly increased.

(14) Due to the lack of stock market investment knowledge, some investors look for investment experts everywhere to seek good investment plans, but the stock market is vast and many so-called investment experts can't tell good from bad, so most investors can't get what they want. Sometimes, even if investment experts are found, some investors are stubborn, suspicious and indecisive, which makes the advice of investment experts abandoned and shelved.

Adjust your mentality before entering the market.

Some investors read newspapers and listen to stock reviews every day, and financial channels are spread all over the country. People talk about the stock market in a clear way. They don't know how to distribute on rallies and stop losses at low positions, but they have a strong desire to make money. Everyone asks which stock is good. Such people can only make money in a bull market and lose money in a bear market. Novices stay away from Zhu Zhechi to avoid getting close to it, but I also tell you that hearsay will inevitably lead to a loss in the end, so when you lose money, but you are not willing to sell it, you finally look for pictures everywhere. There are many sayings in the pictures, so you enter the second stage, which is called picture recognition.

When looking at a picture, I often suddenly realize that if I had known it was this picture, I would never have bought it. In fact, if you think about it, you can see it without spending money. How can such a cheap thing help you make money? Therefore, reading pictures begins to lead to a danger, that is, you change from trusting others to trusting yourself. At this time, you have forgotten the most basic truth: buyers are in a weak position in the market most of the time. Such people have certain knowledge and experience. They are familiar with technical indicators and K-lines, can draw lines, count waves, know how to arrange rallies and stop losses at low positions according to technical indicators, but they don't understand the true meaning of stocks, so it is difficult to guarantee that they will not lose money. Most of them are young people, so when they can't understand the picture, everyone wants to go back to the original point. What is the most basic truth? Always thinking about how much you can lose. So you can manage your risk, and you can only make money if you pay. This has entered the highest realm of modern investment (17.90, -0.76, -4.07%) theory-managing risks.

In actual combat, this kind of person can analyze the general trend and the fundamentals of individual stocks, feel the pulse of the dealer according to the trading volume of stocks, and seize the market hotspots to fight. Generally speaking, such people can't lose money. It should be old investors who have not entered the misunderstanding, and new friends can grow rapidly.

Master level, such people need some talents, they are tough and decisive, do things that ordinary people dare not do, are good at pushing the boat with the current, and dare to go upstream. It should be said that such people can make money. They are unprincipled traders (bankers) and retail veterans.

A guard, this kind of person is absolutely calm and rational, does not interfere with the line of sight for foreign objects, and is quite Taoist or Buddhist. He has a thoughtful view on stocks and trends. This kind of person can be in an invincible position in the stock market and get the greatest benefit. He is a mentor and friend of a novice stock trader, but if he doesn't show up at ordinary times and occasionally shows up, he is doomed to meet.

People's personality, ability, hobbies, experiences and other psychological characteristics are different, and not everyone can invest in the "unpredictable risk" stock market. According to research, the following personalities are not suitable for stock trading.

(1) fluctuating personality: it is characterized by poor emotional self-control, ups and downs, extremely unstable emotions, and is easily affected by profit. When you make a profit, you get carried away with excitement and don't know that the risk is coming; When you lose money, you will be discouraged, depressed and complain. The fault is someone else's, and the right is your own.

(2) Paranoid personality: extreme personality, no pretence, self-esteem and willfulness. When buying stocks, I always trust my one-sided judgment and don't listen to any advice. Even my friend's warning goes in one ear and out the other. When I encounter setbacks or failures, I treat others with dark psychology.

(3) Cowardly personality: it is manifested in following other people's advice, lacking self-confidence, having no opinion, following the crowd, being indecisive when things go wrong, and always following other people's advice. Entering the stock market is blindly following the trend. Often the selected stocks are changed by good stocks and changed in the past, and it is too late to regret. Selling and buying will never be independent.

(4) Perfect personality: the goal is too high, everything strives for perfection, and there is a slight deficiency, that is, complaining about others, showing arbitrariness, speculation, gambling, etc. Man Cang launched an all-out attack, but the chance of coincidence was rare after all, so he couldn't let go and was depressed.

People with personality defects had better not stock trading, which is prone to psychological imbalance, because when they are subjected to major mental stimulation, stock trading will be tragic or their physical and mental health will be damaged, and most of them don't know how to make psychological adjustment. People who have no "normal mind" lack due understanding and analysis of the defense against setbacks and the response to sudden changes, and even lack psychological endurance, which is most likely to cause frequent or sudden "acute stock trading syndrome". Lighter people complain and sigh, resulting in psychological barriers such as fear, hallucination, anxiety and delusion, and serious people have mental breakdown and other accidents.

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