What parts of speech are there in Chinese?

I. Classification: Content words: words that express true meaning, including nouns, verbs, adjectives, numerals, quantifiers and pronouns. Function words: words that express grammatical meaning rather than real meaning, including adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, auxiliary words, exclamations and onomatopoeias.

Ii. discrimination:

1.) The difference between names and verbs and forms:

A. nouns cannot overlap. (Except for a few, such as: everyone, all time, all places, all things, every family, up and down, front and back, left and right, inside and out, when overlapping, it means all over, without omission. )

Verbs and adjectives can overlap, such as running, thinking, discussing, clean and tall.

B. nouns can't be asked in the form of overlapping. For example, the country is not a country?

Verbs and adjectives can overlap, for example, can you walk? OK or not?

C. you can't add "no" before nouns (not limited by adverbs), such as: no Beijing. Verbs and adjectives are generally acceptable, such as: don't look, don't eat, not good, not big.

2). The difference between verbs and adjectives:

A. Add "hen" in front of it, but general verbs can't (degree verbs can be added to verbs expressing psychological activities and willing verbs). Most adjectives are ok, such as: very good ×, very good √.

B. Verb reduplication: ABAB type, AA type, such as: discuss and see;

Adjective reduplication: AABB, AA (of) such as: clean and tall.

C Most verbs can take objects, but adjectives can't, such as: like (you), hate (him), happy (you) ×, happy (him )×.

3). The difference between adverbs and adjectives:

A. Adverbs cannot be combined with nouns, but adjectives can. For example, "unanimous opinion" cannot be said to be "general opinion"

B. Adverbs can't be predicates, adjectives can. For example, "everyone agrees", but we can't say "everyone agrees".

C adverbs can't answer questions alone except "no, maybe, no, not necessarily, definitely"; Adjectives can.

D. Adverbs can't ask questions by overlapping affirmation and negation, but adjectives can. Nothing? Inconsistent

4). The difference between time adverbs and time nouns:

A. Time nouns can be used as attributes, such as "the present thing", "the present task" and "the situation just now". Adverbs of time cannot be like "what is happening", "immediate task" and "what just happened".

B. Time nouns as subjects, such as "Today is Sunday", "It's eight o'clock in the morning" and "It's very cold recently"; Adverbs of time can't be the subject, such as "It's exactly eight o'clock in the morning".

C. Time nouns can form object-object phrases with prepositions: for example, from the past, to the future and in the morning; Adverbs of time cannot be used with prepositions, such as from once to just.

D time nouns can form the format of "XX is XX" with "yes", such as "the past is the past"

Time adverb can't.

Exercise: A. Immediately, immediately, exist, a long time ago, never, soon.

B.recently, now, now, morning, past and future

5). How to distinguish some prepositions from verbs?

There are: in, give, call, use, take, compare, arrive, make way, go, hold, pass by, pass by.

A. Prepositions can't be predicates alone, but verbs can. Therefore, if there are other words as predicates (verbs and forms) in a sentence, it is a preposition; If there is no other word as a predicate, it is a verb.

B Preposition can't be followed by the dynamic particle "zhe, le, guo", but the verb can.

C. Prepositions cannot overlap, but verbs can.

I will wait for you at school tomorrow. I will be at home tomorrow. He is reading a book.

I am a little taller than you. Let's compete

He bought me a book. He gave me a book.

No, I'm kidding. He has a book in his hand.

6). The conjunction "he, Follow, With, Same" is the same as the preposition, but the difference is:

A. The words before and after the conjunction "he" are in a coordinate relationship, and the basic meaning of the exchange position remains unchanged; The words before and after the preposition "he" cannot be interchanged.

B. The conjunction "he" can take "du" after forming a coordinate phrase; Prepositions are not allowed.

C there can be no modifiers before the conjunction "he", but prepositions can.

The conjunction "he" cannot appear at the beginning of a sentence or component; Prepositions are also acceptable.

My brother and I have been there.

I talk to my brother.

All the children who went to play with their younger brother came back.

7) Part of speech words: A word often has the characteristics and functions of two or more parts of speech in different contexts, and their meanings are closely related. Such words are part of a class of words.

The difference between part-time words and homographs and homophones: homographs have nothing to do with the meaning of homophones, but are the combination of more than two words.

Such as: quality control. (verb) Bring the book. Bring a kitchen knife. (quantifier)

A flower (noun) costs a lot of money. (verb)

☆ How to distinguish part-of-speech words: Look at its position and function in sentences.

Everyone elected me as the representative. This represents the opinions of most comrades. (verb)

Bought a lock. Lock the door. (verb)

You should correct your learning attitude. He sat upright. (adjective)

Why is there one more person? there are too many people here. (adjective)

We need to make a rule. Miss Mei's family is very virtuous and well-behaved. (adjective)

Everyone has his own ideal. At this time, the ideal thing is to ride on the Tianshan Mountains. (adjective)

Come with me quickly! Go home with your sister. (preposition)

I am old and my health is getting worse. Why do you always cry? (adverb)

The umbrella he bought is white. I ran away for nothing again today. (adverb)

Exercise: 1 Point out the parts of speech of the words added in the following sentences.

1. He was at home yesterday morning, reading in the library in the afternoon, and now he is in a meeting.

2. Two plots of land that don't even grow grass are connected.

You are better than me, but I can't compare with you.

4. Why do you always give him advice?

When I arrived in Beijing, I hurried to the hospital to see a doctor.

Second, choose one with the same part of speech.

A. stand solemnly. B.maybe soon

C. Smart D. Really happy

Third, judge the part of speech of the added words.

1. "Better troops and simpler administration" is a good idea. (verb)

The players are exhausted. (noun)

3. Be careful with your life. (adjective)

4. lose everything. (adverb)

Fourth, judge the part of speech of the added words.

1. This hazy orange light can't really shine far. (adjective)

The moonlight is hazy in the water vapor. (verb)

Moonlight brings a haze to the earth. (noun)

Looking at the sun through clouds is like looking through a layer of ground glass. (adjective)

We will win in the whole country soon. (verb)

This victory will break through the eastern front of imperialism. (noun)

7. The teacher made this question very clear. (adjective)

8. Do you understand the truth? (verb)

9. We should have a serious work style. (adjective)

10. The revolutionary ranks must strictly abide by discipline. (verb)

5. Choose one of the following words with different parts of speech. (2)

A. the light suddenly came on. B.it rained too suddenly.

C. the heart suddenly stopped beating. D. Suddenly, the applause thundered.

Please classify the following function words.

A. adverb B. interjection C. preposition D. onomatopoeia

More and more (adverbs) always follow (prepositions) except (prepositions).

Simply (adverb) plop (onomatopoeia) Oh (interjection) Repeatedly (adverb) Why (adverb)

Zi (preposition) bang (onomatopoeia) ah (exclamation) but (adverb)

Point out the parts of speech of the words added in the following sentences.

When a person strives for the goal he loves, even though there are many difficulties, he will persist in overcoming them.